Sony 2004年DVD录放影机销售市占率跃升第二

日本工业经济新闻引用日本市调机构相关报导指出，随着DVD录放机价格的逐步调降，2004年日本DVD录放机出货量终于突破400万台大关达403万台，是2003年的2．1倍之多。就个别厂商表现来说，最显著的是由前一年的第四名大幅跳升至第二名的Sony，其市占率从2003年的18．8％增长至2004年的22．1％。然而Sony的研究报告却指出，2004年出货额仅比2003年增长53．5％，为2，180亿日元，

Available parking space occupancy change characteristics and short-term forecasting model

Based on an available parking space occupancy （APSO） survey conducted in Nanjing, China, an APSO forecasting model is proposed. The APSO survey results indicate that the time series of APSO with different time-sections are periodical and self-similar, and the fluctuation of the APSO increases with the decrease in time-sections. Taking the short-time change behavior into account, an APSO forecasting model combined wavelet analysis and a weighted Markov chain is presented. In this model, an original APSO time series is first decomposed by wavelet analysis, and the results include low frequency signals representing the basic trends of APSO and several high frequency signals representing disturbances of the APSO. Then different Markov models are used to forecast the changes of low and high frequency signals, respectively. Finally, integrating the predicted results induces the final forecasted APSO. A case study verifies the applicability of the proposed model. The comparisons between measured and forecasted results show that the model is a competent model and its accuracy relies on real-time update of the APSO database.

Influence of electric parameters on MAO of AZ91D magnesium alloy using alternative square-wave power source

Micro-arc oxidation （MAO） process was carried out on AZ91D alloy in alkaline borate solution using an alternative square-wave power source with different parameters. The effects of voltage, frequency and duty cycle on the coatings were investigated by orthogonal experiment. It is found that the thickness of coatings increases with the increase of voltage and duty cycle, but decreases with the increase of frequency. The structure and morphology of the coatings also depend on voltage, frequency and duty cycle. The coatings become more porous and crack with increasing voltage and duty cycle. The coating is thin and transparent when the voltage is lower than 120 V. The corrosion resistances of different coatings were evaluated by polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） in 3.5% NaCl （mass fraction） solution. When the optimized values of voltage, frequency and duty cycle are 140 V, 2 000 Hz and 0.4, respectively, the anodic coating shows the best corrosion resistance.

新时代军民融合深度发展战略的内涵与对策

作为国家富国、强军的重要战略,军民融合深度发展是当前和今后一个时期国家统筹经济建设和国防安全协调的导向。军民融合深度是我国的重要发展战略,是中华人民共和国成立以来党和国家对国防安全以及经济发展规律的探索和总结,对军民融合深度发展战略内涵和对策进行探讨和分析,对国家发展和军队建设的意义重大,也为中国军民融合发展的方向、形式、范围、层次提供了科学指南。对过去相关理论进行研究,在此基础上总结军民融合深度发展的内涵,以及相关发展策略,是新时期国家发展,军队建设的关键。本文就以此为内容展开几方面讨论。

加速推行现代化营销手段

目前,国有物资企业在发展中遇到的突出问题是市场占有率大幅度下降。去年全国国有物资企业的平均市场占有率从30％下降到1(?)％,亏损30多亿元。与此同时,工矿企业和集体、私营流通企业占有率从40％急剧上升到60％多。这决非是单纯的业务问题,而是关系到国有物资企业能否持续发展和生存的大事。

An automatic identification algorithm for freeway bottleneck based on loop detector data

A bottleneck automatic identification algorithm based on loop detector data is proposed. The proposed algorithm selects the critical flow rate as the trigger variable of the algorithm which is calculated by the road conditions the level of service and the proportion of trucks.The process of identification includes two parts. One is to identify the upstream of the bottleneck by comparing the distance between the current occupancy rate and the mean value of the occupancy rate and the variance of the occupancy rate.The other process is to identify the downstream of the bottleneck by calculating the difference of the upstream occupancy rate with that of the downstream.In addition the algorithm evaluation standards which are based on the time interval of the data the detection rate and the false alarm rate are discussed.The proposed algorithm is applied to detect the bottleneck locations in the Shanghai Inner Ring Viaduct Dabaishu-Guangzhong road section.The proposed method has a good performance in improving the accuracy and efficiency of bottleneck identification.

Effects of electrical parameters and their interactions on plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings on aluminum substrates

Based on orthogonal experiments,the effects of voltage,frequency,duty ratio and their interactions on the thickness and corrosion resistance of coatings prepared by plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO)on aluminum in an alkaline silicate-containing electrolyte were investigated.The thicknesses of these coatings were obtained by measuring their cross-section using Image J software.Their corrosion resistances were evaluated in HCl and NaCl media through spot test and electrochemical test.The results show that the experimental design of this study is the key to investigate the interactions among these electrical parameters.Additionally,not only each independent factor,but also their interactions exhibit a remarkable influence on the coatings.The combination of high voltage,low frequency and large duty ratio significantly increases the coating thickness and content of the corrosion resistance phase,and thus improves the corrosion resistance of the coating in HNO3 medium.Conversely,the coating possessing the densest microstructure and best corrosion resistance in NaCl medium is obtained when low voltage and high frequency match with a small duty ratio.

Effect of plating parameters on microstructure and tribological properties of Co-BN (hexagonal) nano composite coatings

Effects of current density, duty cycle and frequency on microstructure and particles content of electrodeposited Co-BN （hexagonal） nano composite coatings were analyzed by SEM, FESEM, EDS, AFM and XRD techniques. The microhardness, tribological behavior and wear mechanism were also investigated. Generally, as the current density and frequency increased, the particles content and microhardness of the coatings increased firstly and then decreased. Moreover, by reducing duty cycle, more particles were incorporated and higher microhardness was obtained. The best tribological behavior was achieved under the conditions duty cycle of 10%, frequency of 50 Hz and current density of 100 mA/cm2.

The U.S. Men＇s Shaving Cream Market： A Competitive Profile

Porter identifies high market share with cost leadership strategy which is based on the idea of competing on a price lower than that of the competition. However, in most consumer markets a business should serve the middle class by competing in the mid-price segment, offering quality better than that of the competition at a somewhat higher price. It is this path that can lead to market share leadership： a strategy that can be both profitable and sustainable. The U.S. men＇s shaving cream market consists of two major product-market segments： gel and foam. We test the hypothesis that the best-selling brand is very likely to be a member of the mid-price segment with a price tag that is higher than that of the nearest competition. This study is based on annual U.S. sales data for 2008 and 2007 from discount retail stores, food stores, and drug stores. We performed two separate analyses for 2008 and 2007, using cluster analysis as the main analytic tool. The results were remarkably consistent between the two years. In the gel segment--by far the most important--the price-quality segmentation analysis supported our hypothesis. An interesting finding is that, for both the gel and foam segments, we found the rank order correlation of brand unit price between 2007 and 2008 as highly significant. This means that in this market management considers the price of a brand as a strategic rather than a tactical variable. Although, technically the results for the foam segment were negative, this does not necessarily contradict our hypothesis. Finally, we discovered six strategic groups in the industry and have tried to articulate what their competitive strategy is.

A Comparative Analysis of Disclosures in Annual Reports

Public companies issue periodic annual reports to give information about the past financial and operational results while presenting the future strategies. Companies release non-financial information concerned with corporate sustainability issues like market share, customer loyalty, supply chain management, corporate governance, and human resources in annual reports as well as the audited financial reports. Annual reports, one of the important instruments of transparency and disclosure, are widely used by shareholders and stakeholders. Recent laws and regulations in the US, European Union, and Turkey require enhanced disclosures in annual reports. In the first part of this study, a comparative regulatory framework for annual reports will be established under the Sarbanes Oxley Act （SOX）, the Securities and Exchange Commission （SEC） filing requirements, the New Turkish Commercial Code, and regulations of Capital Markets Board （CMB） of Turkey. In the second part of this study, annual reports of four sample companies listed in the New York Stock Exchange （NYSE） and Corporate Governance Index of Borsa Istanbul will be discussed in the light of disclosure requirements of Form 20-F. Findings of this study support the hypothesis which states that regulatory environment has a positive impact on the quantity and quality of disclosures. Attention is drawn to the need for global standardization to reduce the reporting variances and the need for independent audit of annual reports to increase the reliability.

Microfinance Structure of Thailand

This paper was devoted to analyzing the structure of microfinance in Thailand. The theory of industrial organization （IO） was applied as a guideline to measure the degree of monopoly power in microfinance structure. The objective-of the study was investigation on Thai microfinance institution marketing structure by using Concentration Ratio （CR） and Herfindahl Hirschman Index （HHI）. The data of the study focus on the outstanding loans market share of microfinance institutions （MFIs）. The market share of the outstanding loans of MFIs from the largest to the smallest is as follows： Bank for Agriculture and Agricultural Cooperatives （BAAC）, Village Fund Cooperatives, Government Saving Bank （GSB）, Pawnshop, Self Help group： Saving Group, Commercial Bank, Self Help Group： Sudja Group and Isalamic Bank （IB）, respectively. It stated that CR by outstanding loans is as follows： Cr 1, 59.35%; Cr 3, 81.11%; Cr 6, 92.14%; and Cr 9, 94.37%. At the same time HHI is 0.38. Additionally, BAAC remains the majority MFIs even though there are the other MFIs available in the microfinance system. The main role of providing the microfinance services mostly derived from BAAC.

Sale of the Crown of Beer： A Study Based on the Strategy Tripod of Mike Peng

The main objective of this study is to analyze through tripod strategy Peng, the basics of why the acquisition and sale of Grupo Modelo （which it is the largest brewer in Mexico with the highest market share） through analysis of the annual reports of the company. The analysis will be supported under three main theories： theory of industry, theory of resources and capabilities, and ultimately theory of institutions. The paper concludes with a compilation and analysis of information giving rise to answer the question why 6rupo Modelo sold？ And if have you had a positive result in the acquisition of Grupo Modelo by the company ABI？ The answer is yes. The sale price of the shares by Grupo Modelo was very high and it received an award of 30% over the closing price of the shares of the C series in 2012. So it was a good sale regarding previous observations.

Does an Auditor＇s Within-Industry Market Share Still Capture Auditor Industry Expertise in a Mandatory Audit Partner Rotation Regime？

Prior studies commonly use an auditor＇s market share in an industry as a proxy for auditor industry expertise and find that audit quality is positively related to an audit partner＇s within-industry market share in a voluntary audit partner rotation regime where the length of the client-partner relationship is not limited. Mandatory audit partner rotation, however, limits the length of the client-partner relationship and can artificially increase or decrease the market shares of incoming and departing partners, thus making the audit partner＇s within-industry market share an unreliable proxy for auditor industry expertise. Using a sample of banks in Taiwan, we find that audit quality is positively related to an audit partner＇s within-industry market share in the voluntary audit partner rotation regime. However, such a positive relation disappears in the mandatory audit partner rotation regime. Thus, we conclude that mandatory audit partner rotation decouples the link between an audit partner＇s within-industry market share and auditor industry expertise and caution researchers against using an audit partner＇s within-industry market share as a proxy for auditor industry expertise in a mandatory audit partner rotation regime.

Economic analysis in product design——A case study of a TCM dietary supplement

An approach for the economic analysis of chemical product design is proposed. It takes into account of customers' preference on product quality and economic considerations such as pricing, profit, market share, capital investment, and operating cost. The activities needed to support business decision making – identifying product quality, estimating product cost, calculating financial metrics, and performing make–buy analysis – are discussed.The design of a Ganoderma lucidum dietary supplement, a traditional Chinese medicinal(TCM) product, is used to illustrate all the activities in this approach.

From the Perspective of Chinese Medicine Sales Analysis on Development Situation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry in Guangxi

After years of development, has emerged a group of outstanding enterprises in Guangxi, creating a high popularity and good reputation of the product. But from 2013 data can be seen in the study of traditional Chinese medicine industry of China, Guangxi traditional Chinese medicine products in the market space is still limited in the province, the market share of the market at a relatively low level in the country. This is from a macro-perspective analysis of the national sales on traditional Chinese medicine of Guangxi Chinese medicine industry development in present situation and makes problem-oriented industrial policy advice to counter.

A novel weighed cooperative bandwidth spectrum sensing for spectrum occupancy of cognitive radio network

In cognitive radio network(CRN), a secondary user(SU) may utilize the spectrum resource of the primary user(PU) and avoid causing harmful interference to the primary network(PN) via spectrum sensing. In the traditional time spectrum sensing, the SU cannot detect the PU's presence during its transmission, thus increasing interference to the PN. In this work, a novel weighed cooperative bandwidth spectrum sensing method is proposed, which allows multiple SUs to use part of the bandwidth to perform cooperative spectrum sensing throughout the whole frame in order to detect the PU's reappearance in time. The SU's spectrum efficiency is maximized by jointly optimizing sensing bandwidth proportion, number of cooperative SUs and detection probability, subject to the constraints on the SU's interference and the false alarm probability. Simulation results show significant decrease on the interference and improvement on the spectrum efficiency using the proposed weighed cooperative bandwidth spectrum sensing method.

COST:Coding over Spatial-Temporal Diversity for Low-Duty-Cycle WSNs

In low-duty-cycle wireless sensor networks,designers have to cope with unreliable links and limited communication capacity.In this work,we propose COST,a coding scheme that leverages spatial-temporal diversity to achieve higher energy efficiency and lower delay of packet transmissions.We particularly address long sleeping intervals in low-duty-cycle networks by exploiting multi-path diversity.Specifically,we propose to employ an erasure-coding scheme to improve reliability.With respect to energy efficiency and delivery timeliness,we formulate the problem in optimal allocation of coded blocks over multiple paths,which is then proved to be NP-hard.We further propose a near-optimal algorithm to solve the allocation problem.Through extensive simulations,we evaluate the impact of network parameters and demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposal.

基于大数据条件下的管道风险评估方法思考

过去几十年,管道风险评估技术得到快速发展,但依然沿袭传统的风险评估技术发展之路,在专家风险认知、事故概率统计等基础上,利用对外在风险认知程度对评估对象进行预测分析,其核心问题是风险评估的模型是基于有限的数据基础对整个系统进行评估的理念。随着管道发展到大数据时代,在实现管道属性相关数据对齐并纳入数据库的条件下,形成了管道大数据,在很多方面具备了"样本=总体"的基础,使风险评估技术及管理发生了相应转变。根据工程实践,初步论述了对管道大数据基本概念和定义的理解,探索和思考了在大数据条件下由工程适用性评估替代风险评估,依靠外因评估转变为依靠内因评估,以及风险专家评估转变为数据评估等方面的内容,同时提出了需要注意的问题和发展方向。(参13)

Biodiversity Assessment of Mammal and Bird Species from Camera Trap Data in Yanchiwan National Nature Reserve,Gansu Province,China

Camera traps serve as an important tool for monitoring species diversity. We used data from camera traps set for capturing snow leopards（Panthera uncia） in the Yanchiwan National Nature Reserve,Gansu Province,China,to assess species richness with respect to mammal and birds species. We also assessed survey efficiency for species detection,and conducted an initial analysis of species interactions. The survey effort of 10,171 camera workdays yielded 2,868 suitable animal image events involving 17 mammal and 20 bird species. Among these,the dhole（Cuon alpinus） is considered to be Endangered,the snow leopard and white-lipped deer（Cervus albirostris） Vulnerable,and the Pallas＇ s cat（Feli smanul）,mountain weasel（Mustela altaica）,Himalayan griffon（Gyps himalayensis） and cinereous vulture（Aegypius monachus） Near Threatened under the IUCN red list. Fourteen species were also listed as key protected wild animals according to China national standards. Both the rarefaction curves and richness estimators suggested our sampling for mammal and pheasant species is sufficient,while more survey efforts are still needed to detect other bird species. With a focus on the dominant species Eurasian lynx（Lynx lynx）,occupancy models were used to estimate site use and detection probability for selected species,and to investigate predator-prey relationships between lynx on the one hand and woolly hare（Lepus oiostolus）,pika（Ochotona spp.）and Tibetan partridge（Perdix hodgsoniae） on the other. We give recommendations on how to increase efficiency in camera-based species inventory and biodiversity monitoring.