The communication complexity of the practical byzantine fault tolerance(PBFT)protocol is reduced with the threshold signature technique applied to the consensus process by phase voting PBFT(PV-PBFT).As most communicat...The communication complexity of the practical byzantine fault tolerance(PBFT)protocol is reduced with the threshold signature technique applied to the consensus process by phase voting PBFT(PV-PBFT).As most communication occurs between the primary node and replica nodes in PV-PVFT,consistency verification is accomplished through threshold signatures,multi-PV,and multiple consensus.The view replacement protocol introduces node weights to influence the election of a primary node,reducing the probability of the same node being elected primary multiple times.The experimental results of consensus algorithms show that compared to PBFT,the communication overhead of PV-PBFT decreases by approximately 90% with nearly one-time improvement in the throughput relative and approximately 2/3 consensus latency,lower than that of the scalable hierarchical byzantine fault tolerance.The communication complexity of the PBFT is O(N^(2)),whereas that of PV-PBFT is only O(N),which implies the significant improvement of the operational efficiency of the blockchain system.展开更多
This paper provides an extended input-occupancy-output analysis of wastewater discharge coeffcients, as well as backward and forward linkages of Chinese multi-regional industrial sectors in2007. The results show that ...This paper provides an extended input-occupancy-output analysis of wastewater discharge coeffcients, as well as backward and forward linkages of Chinese multi-regional industrial sectors in2007. The results show that the direct and total industrial wastewater discharge coeffcients of most of the provincial industrial sectors in China＇s Eastern region are lower than those of the whole country.Both backward and forward linkages of fixed-asset occupancy in industrial sectors in China＇s Central and Western regions are strong. The dissimilarity of cross-sectional data of the relevant industrial wastewater discharge coeffcients and linkages in multi-regional input-output analysis becomes bigger as regions are divided more extensively.展开更多
基金The National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFE0200600)。
文摘The communication complexity of the practical byzantine fault tolerance(PBFT)protocol is reduced with the threshold signature technique applied to the consensus process by phase voting PBFT(PV-PBFT).As most communication occurs between the primary node and replica nodes in PV-PVFT,consistency verification is accomplished through threshold signatures,multi-PV,and multiple consensus.The view replacement protocol introduces node weights to influence the election of a primary node,reducing the probability of the same node being elected primary multiple times.The experimental results of consensus algorithms show that compared to PBFT,the communication overhead of PV-PBFT decreases by approximately 90% with nearly one-time improvement in the throughput relative and approximately 2/3 consensus latency,lower than that of the scalable hierarchical byzantine fault tolerance.The communication complexity of the PBFT is O(N^(2)),whereas that of PV-PBFT is only O(N),which implies the significant improvement of the operational efficiency of the blockchain system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.41201129 and71203213the Science and Technology Service Network Initiative of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No.KFJ-EW-STS-003
文摘This paper provides an extended input-occupancy-output analysis of wastewater discharge coeffcients, as well as backward and forward linkages of Chinese multi-regional industrial sectors in2007. The results show that the direct and total industrial wastewater discharge coeffcients of most of the provincial industrial sectors in China＇s Eastern region are lower than those of the whole country.Both backward and forward linkages of fixed-asset occupancy in industrial sectors in China＇s Central and Western regions are strong. The dissimilarity of cross-sectional data of the relevant industrial wastewater discharge coeffcients and linkages in multi-regional input-output analysis becomes bigger as regions are divided more extensively.
