Although we often see references to Carnap＇s inductive logic even in modern literatures, seemingly its confusing style has long obstructed its correct understanding. So instead of Carnap, in this paper, I devote myse...Although we often see references to Carnap＇s inductive logic even in modern literatures, seemingly its confusing style has long obstructed its correct understanding. So instead of Carnap, in this paper, I devote myself to its necessary and sufficient commentary. In the beginning part （Sections 2-5）, I explain why Carnap began the study of inductive logic and bow he related it with our thought on probability （Sections 2-4）. Therein, I trace Carnap＇s thought back to Wittgenstein＇s Tractatus as well （Section 5）. In the succeeding sections, I attempt the simplest exhibition of Carnap＇s earlier system, where his original thought was thoroughly provided. For this purpose, minor concepts to which researchers have not paid attention are highlighted, for example, m-function （Section 8）, in-correlation （Section 10）, C-correlate （Section 10）, statistical distribution （Section 12）, and fitting sequence （Section 17）. The climax of this paper is the proof of theorem （56）. Through this theorem, we will be able to overview Carnap＇s whole system.展开更多
The issues and challenges of minimum adequate public school education in the State of South of South Carolina has been a struggle between lawmakers and taxpayers for more than fifty years. The enactment of the Civil R...The issues and challenges of minimum adequate public school education in the State of South of South Carolina has been a struggle between lawmakers and taxpayers for more than fifty years. The enactment of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 led to forced school integration, busing, and led to whites＇ physical moving out of selected school districts. Selected public schools filed a lawsuit against the State of South Carolina to the Supreme Court with the claim of failing to provide adequate and equal education to all children in the state. This reflection focuses on the Abbeville case in context, funding issues, and inadequate facilities, which concludes with a reflective view of the Brown v. The Board of Edueation 1954 decision.展开更多
文摘Although we often see references to Carnap＇s inductive logic even in modern literatures, seemingly its confusing style has long obstructed its correct understanding. So instead of Carnap, in this paper, I devote myself to its necessary and sufficient commentary. In the beginning part （Sections 2-5）, I explain why Carnap began the study of inductive logic and bow he related it with our thought on probability （Sections 2-4）. Therein, I trace Carnap＇s thought back to Wittgenstein＇s Tractatus as well （Section 5）. In the succeeding sections, I attempt the simplest exhibition of Carnap＇s earlier system, where his original thought was thoroughly provided. For this purpose, minor concepts to which researchers have not paid attention are highlighted, for example, m-function （Section 8）, in-correlation （Section 10）, C-correlate （Section 10）, statistical distribution （Section 12）, and fitting sequence （Section 17）. The climax of this paper is the proof of theorem （56）. Through this theorem, we will be able to overview Carnap＇s whole system.
文摘The issues and challenges of minimum adequate public school education in the State of South of South Carolina has been a struggle between lawmakers and taxpayers for more than fifty years. The enactment of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 led to forced school integration, busing, and led to whites＇ physical moving out of selected school districts. Selected public schools filed a lawsuit against the State of South Carolina to the Supreme Court with the claim of failing to provide adequate and equal education to all children in the state. This reflection focuses on the Abbeville case in context, funding issues, and inadequate facilities, which concludes with a reflective view of the Brown v. The Board of Edueation 1954 decision.
