Electrophysiologic-electropharmacologic Method for Evaluating the Effects of Antagonizing Ventricular Tachyarrhythmic Drugs

Objective To establish a canine model of electrophysiologic - electropharmacology as assessed by programmed electrical stimulation (PES),and to observe the electrophysiologic effects of Procainamide(PA) on normal and ischemic myocardium in case of ischemic ventricular tachyarrhythmia in this model. Methods A ishemic ventricular tachyarrhythmias canine model was established in open-chest dogs subjected to programmed electrical stimulation(PES)for 5-8 days after acute myocardial infarction. The electrophysiologic effects of procainamide were observed in this model. With routine methods of PES,ventricular tachycardia(VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) could be reproducibly initiated. Results Procainamide distinctly lengthened the QTc interval (P【0.01) and effective refractory period(ERP) of normal and ischemic ventricular myocardium(NERP and IERP) respectively (P【0.01), decreased the dispersion of ERP in ischemic myocardium and the dispersion of ERP in left ventricle (P【0.01), and increased the diastolic excitability threshold of normal and ischemic ventricular myocardium remarkably (P【0.01). Procainamide effectively prevented the PES-induced VT or VF (P【0.05) and ischemia-induced VF (P【0.05). Conclusion The results indicated that PES-induced VT/VF were highly reproducible and reliable, this canine model is a worthy and reliable one, procainamide may be effective in preventing the onset of VT and VF after myocardial ischemic damage, and deserves further attention as an antifibrillatory agent.

Antiarrhythmic Efficacy of Neferine Assessed by Programmed Electrical Stimulation in a Canine Model of Electropharmacology

An ishemic ventricular tachyarrhythmias canine model was established in open-chest dogs subjected to programmed electrical stimulation (PES)for 5-8 days after acute myocardial infarction. The electrophysiologic effects of neferine (Nef) and procainamide (PA) were observed in this model. With routine methods of PES,ventricular tachycardia (VT)and ventricular fibrillation (VF) could be reproducibly initiated. Both drugs lengthened the QTc interval (P【0.01) and effective refractory period(ERP)of normal and ischemic ventricular myocardia (NERP and IERP) respectively (P【0.01), decreased the dispersion of ERP in ischemic myocardium and the dispersion of ERP in left ventricle (P【0.01), and increased the diastolic excitability threshold of normal and ischemic ventricular myocardia (P【0.01). The two compounds prevented the PES-induced VT or VF (Nef group P【0.01, PA group P【0.05) and ischemia-induced VF (P【0.05). The results indicated that neferine and procainamide may be effective in preventing the onset of reentrant ventricular tachyarrhythmias after myocardial ischemic damage in dogs.

The Effects of Captopril and Cicaprost on Changes of Cardiac Membrane Fluidity and Lipid Peroxidation

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the protective actions of captopril and cicaprost on changes of membrane fluidity of cultured neonatal rat myocardial cells exposed to anoxia and sugar deprivation.Lipid peroxidation level estimated by determining the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS)content and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)released in culture medium was also observed in order to examine other membrane-related changes due to anoxia.Membrane fluidity was monitored by measuring changes in the steady state fluorescence anisotropy(r_s)by fluorescence spectroscopy.The r_s value,TBARS level and LDH release were significantly increased after 3 h anoxia.Captopril(180 μmol/L),cicaprost(30 nmol/L)and indomethacin(1μmol/L)did not alter r_s, TBARS level and LDH activity of normal cultured neonatal rat myocardial cells.However,both captopril and cicaprost significantly prevented the increases of r_s,TBARS content and LDH release in those cells exposed to anoxia and sugar deprivation.lndomethacin abolished the actions of captopril on TBARS production and LDH release,but maintained its membrane fluidity protection.These results indicate that captopril and cicaprost protect membrane fluidity and lipid peroxidation changes in anoxia- injured myocardial cells.The action mechanism of captopril may be due,in part,to stimulation of prostacyclin synthesis and/or release.

外国朋友看劳动服务公司

上海市徐汇区劳动服务公司于1979年起对外开放,先后接待了72个国家的357名客人。这些外国客人中,有执政党的书记、中央委员,议会议员,政府的部长、局长,以及省和地方的官员。他们有的来自第二世界,多数来自第三世界,访问的目的,是企图从中探求解决本国失业问题的途径。各国来宾通过参观、访问,都对我国劳动服务公司高度赞赏,认为这是值得借鉴的新生事物。他们对我国政府在解决青年就业问题上所作出的有成效的努力十分钦佩。赞比亚青年代表团团长卡普鲁说:“你们人民的生活安定、自由、幸福,是因为有很好的社会制度。特别是对女青年,不仅安排就业,并且能与男子同工同酬,很了不起。我们国家失业问题很难解决,妇女都参加工作更是不可思议。你们建立劳动服务公司这个组织,是政府工作的一种很好的补充,是一个新事物。

能取代国歌的名曲

意大利歌曲《啊,我的太阳》,是世界最流行的歌曲之一。这首歌曲能广泛得到流传,曾有过一段颇有趣味的经历: 那是在赫尔辛基举行的奥林匹克运动会上。

Production of Gel with Menthol, Benzocaine and Procaine HCl for Topical Application in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

Antirheurnatic and analgesics drugs are the most commonly prescribed medications for treatment of acute and chronic pain. Frequent application of these agents often causes adverse effects. So, in order to avoid the incidence of side effects, topical analgesics are treatment of choice for localized muscle pain. Topical analgesics offer the potential to provide the same analgesic relief provided by oral analgesics but with minimal adverse systemic effects. The aim of this study is to present the preparation and characterization of topical analgesic gel named ＂Russian water＂. Gel is composed of Menthol, Benzocaine, Procaine HCl as topical analgesic agents indicated for temporary relief of pain. Obtained results showed prolonged analgesic effect compared with liquid ethanol solution composed of the same components.

Reactive Precipitation of Procaine Benzylpenicillin

The reactive precipitation process of procaine benzylpenicillin is reviewed, while such secondary processes as ageing, agglomeration, breakage, and the effects of operation parameters on crystal size are emphasized. In the reactive precipitation the ageing of particles has a little effect on the process, while the greater effect comes from the agglomeration and breakage of particles, furthermore, the mixing has also notable influence on the product size. All of these provide the bases for further study on reactive precipitation.

Differential Electrolytic Potentiometric, a Detector for FIA Determination of Procainamide in Pharmaceutical Preparations

Differential electrolytic potentiometry （DEP） was coupled with Flow injection analysis （FIA） technique for the determination of Procainamide in pharmaceutical preparations. Platinum electrodes were used as an indicating system to follow the oxidation of Procainamide with cerium（IV）, and permanganate in an acidic medium. The oxidation reactions of Procainamide with Ce（IV） and/or permanganate are fast enough to permit its determination by flow injection in sulfuric acid media. The univariate method was employed to optimize the variables such as the current density, the flow rate, the oxidant concentration and the concentration of sulfuric acid. The proposed method was linear in the range 20-100 μg.mL^-1 , the DL and R2 values were 12 μg.mL^-1 and 0.995 respectively. The procedure was applied successfully to the determination of Procainamide in commercial tablets. The results of this study were favorably compared statistically with those obtained with official methods.

Seventy Cases of External Humeral Epicondylitis Treated by Local Blocking and Massotherapy

External humeral epicondylitis or tennis elbow, is a commonly encountered disease in orthopaedics and traumatology. The curative effect is not satisfactory as far as its treatment by western and traditional Chinese medicine is concerned, which has a long course of treatment and a high recurrent rate. 70 cases of external humeral epicondylitis were treated by massotherapy after local blocking from August 1995 to October 1997 at this hospital with satisfactory therapeutic effects.Clinical DataOf the 70 cases in this series treated by massotherapy after local blocking, 30 were males and 40 females, ranging in age from 19 to 65 years. 55 cases were 30 to 50 years old, 20 had the left elbow affected and 50 the right elbow. 7 cases had a history of trauma, 50 a history of chronic strain, and 13 the cause unknown. The shortest duration of disease was 15 days and the longest 24 months.Among 50 cases in the control group treated by massotherapy, 20 cases were males and 30 females, ranging in age from 16 to 58 years. 40 cases were 30 to 50 years old. 15 cases were affected on the left elbow and 35 on the right elbow. 6 cases had a history of trauma, 32 a history of chronic strain, and 12 the cause unknown. The shortest duration of diseases was 7 days and the longest 22 months.

The effects of local anesthetics on intracellular Ca2+ release from ryanod ine-sensitive Ca2+ stores in gerbil hippocampal neurons

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of procaine and lidocaine on intracellular Ca(2+) release from sarcoplasmic reticulum ryanodine-sensitive Ca(2+) stores. METHODS: The experiment was performed on hippocampal slices from 60-80 g male Mongolian gerbils. Levels of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration in the slices were measured by microfluorometry. The slices were perfused with 50 mmol/L KCl containing medium for 30 seconds. Then, the medium was switched to physiological medium. After 5 min of incubation, the slice was perfused with 20 mmol/L caffeine containing physiology medium for 2 min. Following incubation, the slice was superfused with physiological medium until the end of the experiment. The effects of procaine and lidocanin (100 micro mol/L) on caffeine-evoked Ca(2+) release were evaluated by adding them to the medium after high K(+) medium perfusion. RESULTS: Caffeine induced a marked increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration which was then decreased 12% upon the addition of procaine (P

The effects of local anesthetics on intracellular Ca^(2+) release from ryanodine-sensitive Ca^(2+) stores in gerbil hippocampal neurons

To examine the effects of procaine and lidocaine on intracellular Ca 2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum ryanodine sensitive Ca 2+ stores Methods The experiment was performed on hippocampal slices from 60-80 g male Mongolian gerbils Levels of intracellular Ca 2+ concentration in the slices were measured by microfluorometry The slices were perfused with 50 mmol/L KCl containing medium for 30 seconds Then, the medium was switched to physiological medium After 5 min of incubation, the slice was perfused with 20 mmol/L caffeine containing physiology medium for 2 min Following incubation, the slice was superfused with physiological medium until the end of the experiment The effects of procaine and lidocanin (100 μmol/L) on caffeine evoked Ca 2+ release were evaluated by adding them to the medium after high K + medium perfusion Results Caffeine induced a marked increase in intracellular Ca 2+ concentration which was then decreased 12% upon the addition of procaine ( P 【0 05); however, lidocaine, did not induce a similar inhibitory reaction Conclusion Procaine inhibits ryanodine receptor mediated Ca 2+ release from intracellular Ca 2+ stores, while lidocaine may inhibit Ca 2+ release through other mechanisms