In order to investigate the joint torque-based Cartesian impedance control strategies and the influence of compensations for friction, an experimental study on the identification of friction parameters, friction compe...In order to investigate the joint torque-based Cartesian impedance control strategies and the influence of compensations for friction, an experimental study on the identification of friction parameters, friction compensation and the Cartesian impedance control are developed for the harmonic drive robot, by using the sensors available in the joint itself. Different from the conventional Cartesian impedance control schemes which are mostly based on the robot end force/torque information, five joint torque-based Cartesian impedance control schemes are considered, including the force-based schemes in Cartesian/joint space, the position-based schemes in Cartesian/joint space and the stiffness control. Four of them are verified by corresponding experiments with/without friction compensations. By comparison, it is found that the force-based impedance control strategy is more suitable than the position-based one for the robot based on joint torque feedback and the friction has even a positive effect on Cartesian impedance control stability.展开更多
In the review paper of N. J. Fish, the topics concerning the basic theory of lower hybrid wave heating and current drive are presented. In the consideration of radio-frequency heating and current drive of tokamak plas...In the review paper of N. J. Fish, the topics concerning the basic theory of lower hybrid wave heating and current drive are presented. In the consideration of radio-frequency heating and current drive of tokamak plasma near the lower hybrid frequency, the parallel wave length is imposed by the coupling device parallel to the magnetic field and is modified by gradients along the field. The important effects are found on wave penetration and damping when the toroidal aspect ratio is low. It may be possible to change the plasma current via electron Landau damping with a coupler rf power spectrum.展开更多
Urban growth is a key indicator of economic development.At the same time,haphazard urban growth creates serious socioeconomic,environmental and urban land management problems.In this context,understanding the process ...Urban growth is a key indicator of economic development.At the same time,haphazard urban growth creates serious socioeconomic,environmental and urban land management problems.In this context,understanding the process of urban landscape change is important for guiding the sustainable growth of urban areas.This study analyzes the urban land changes during 1990–2018 in two metropolitan cities of Gandaki basin:Pokhara and Bharatpur.Landsat satellite images were analyzed using supervised classification methods.The results revealed that the built-up area has increased significantly by 300%in Pokhara and by nearly 500%in the Bharatpur during the past 28 years.Population growth,migration from surrounding areas due to urban facilities and the easy lifestyle in cities were found to be major determinants of urban growth within the study area.In addition,the changing urban definition and expansion of municipal boundaries are key factors for rapid urban growth.Both cities are likely to grow in the future as they are both located in areas that encompass the high levels of commercial activity and modern service facilities.The haphazard urban growth should be minimized through planning and policies for sustainable urban development.展开更多
A path following controller is proposed to force an underactuated surface ship which is suffering from disturbance to follow a predefined path.The controller is based on analytic model predictive control and unscented...A path following controller is proposed to force an underactuated surface ship which is suffering from disturbance to follow a predefined path.The controller is based on analytic model predictive control and unscented Kalman filter(UKF) techniques.The analytic model predictive control provides a systematic method to get appropriate controller parameters to guarantee the stability of the closed-loop system,and the well-defined relative degree is guaranteed by introducing output-redefinition.The UKF is used to estimate the states and uncertain parameters due to time-varying added mass matrices.With help of the proposed UKF-based controller,the underactuated ship with time-varying parameters can follow a desired straight path.Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.展开更多
Over the past decades, low-energy electron accelerators have been used worldwide for surface curing and sterilization. The beam nonuniformity is an important parameter of the low-energy electron beam with large cross-...Over the past decades, low-energy electron accelerators have been used worldwide for surface curing and sterilization. The beam nonuniformity is an important parameter of the low-energy electron beam with large cross-sections. A simple and accurate measurement system of nonuniformity for the low-energy electron beam with large cross-sections was developed. The main concept consists in the measurement of nonuniformity, which is realized by using a linear actuator to drive two scanning wires through the beam's cross-sections at a fixed speed. The beam distribution can be obtained by sending/collecting the current signals to/from the Data Acquisition (DAQ) software on a laptop by a USB DAQ card. This device is very convenient for the performance testing of a new accelerator at the manufacturer's site. The distribution of the homemade low voltage electron accelerator EBS-300-50 was measured and evaluated.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60675045)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863Program) (No.2006AA04Z255)
文摘In order to investigate the joint torque-based Cartesian impedance control strategies and the influence of compensations for friction, an experimental study on the identification of friction parameters, friction compensation and the Cartesian impedance control are developed for the harmonic drive robot, by using the sensors available in the joint itself. Different from the conventional Cartesian impedance control schemes which are mostly based on the robot end force/torque information, five joint torque-based Cartesian impedance control schemes are considered, including the force-based schemes in Cartesian/joint space, the position-based schemes in Cartesian/joint space and the stiffness control. Four of them are verified by corresponding experiments with/without friction compensations. By comparison, it is found that the force-based impedance control strategy is more suitable than the position-based one for the robot based on joint torque feedback and the friction has even a positive effect on Cartesian impedance control stability.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(10075016, I0275018. 10135020)
文摘In the review paper of N. J. Fish, the topics concerning the basic theory of lower hybrid wave heating and current drive are presented. In the consideration of radio-frequency heating and current drive of tokamak plasma near the lower hybrid frequency, the parallel wave length is imposed by the coupling device parallel to the magnetic field and is modified by gradients along the field. The important effects are found on wave penetration and damping when the toroidal aspect ratio is low. It may be possible to change the plasma current via electron Landau damping with a coupler rf power spectrum.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(41761144081)The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(2019QZKK2203)+1 种基金The International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(131C11KYSB20160061)The Chinese Academy of Sciences-The World Academy of Sciences(CAS-TWAS)President’s Fellowship Program for Ph D Study
文摘Urban growth is a key indicator of economic development.At the same time,haphazard urban growth creates serious socioeconomic,environmental and urban land management problems.In this context,understanding the process of urban landscape change is important for guiding the sustainable growth of urban areas.This study analyzes the urban land changes during 1990–2018 in two metropolitan cities of Gandaki basin:Pokhara and Bharatpur.Landsat satellite images were analyzed using supervised classification methods.The results revealed that the built-up area has increased significantly by 300%in Pokhara and by nearly 500%in the Bharatpur during the past 28 years.Population growth,migration from surrounding areas due to urban facilities and the easy lifestyle in cities were found to be major determinants of urban growth within the study area.In addition,the changing urban definition and expansion of municipal boundaries are key factors for rapid urban growth.Both cities are likely to grow in the future as they are both located in areas that encompass the high levels of commercial activity and modern service facilities.The haphazard urban growth should be minimized through planning and policies for sustainable urban development.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50779033)the National High Technology Research and Development Program (863) of China (No. 2007AA11Z250)
文摘A path following controller is proposed to force an underactuated surface ship which is suffering from disturbance to follow a predefined path.The controller is based on analytic model predictive control and unscented Kalman filter(UKF) techniques.The analytic model predictive control provides a systematic method to get appropriate controller parameters to guarantee the stability of the closed-loop system,and the well-defined relative degree is guaranteed by introducing output-redefinition.The UKF is used to estimate the states and uncertain parameters due to time-varying added mass matrices.With help of the proposed UKF-based controller,the underactuated ship with time-varying parameters can follow a desired straight path.Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
文摘Over the past decades, low-energy electron accelerators have been used worldwide for surface curing and sterilization. The beam nonuniformity is an important parameter of the low-energy electron beam with large cross-sections. A simple and accurate measurement system of nonuniformity for the low-energy electron beam with large cross-sections was developed. The main concept consists in the measurement of nonuniformity, which is realized by using a linear actuator to drive two scanning wires through the beam's cross-sections at a fixed speed. The beam distribution can be obtained by sending/collecting the current signals to/from the Data Acquisition (DAQ) software on a laptop by a USB DAQ card. This device is very convenient for the performance testing of a new accelerator at the manufacturer's site. The distribution of the homemade low voltage electron accelerator EBS-300-50 was measured and evaluated.