利用静止卫星估算青藏高原全域地表潜热通量

青藏高原全域高时间分辨率潜热通量变化对定量理解高原能量和水分循环过程尤其是其日变化过程至关重要。为此,利用中国最新一代静止气象卫星Fengyun-4A上搭载的多通道扫描成像辐射计数据,结合中国区域高时空分辨率地表气象驱动数据集,基于陆面能量平衡系统模型估算得到青藏高原全域的地表潜热通量,卫星估算值与青藏高原观测研究平台站点实测值的均方根误差和平均偏差分别为76.05和17.33 W/m^(2)。结果表明,青藏高原地表潜热通量呈现显著的季节变化、昼夜分野和区域差异:4月高原潜热整体上略低于感热,而7月高原西部、中部和东部的潜热均高于感热;潜热通量昼夜相差极大,4月的昼间、夜间和昼夜平均值分别为74.22、3.09和38.66 W/m^(2),而7月的相应值分别为122.75、6.49和64.62 W/m^(2)。青藏高原地表热通量的空间分布具有经向区域差异,其中,净辐射通量与感热通量在高原西部和中部的数值明显高于高原东部,而潜热通量正好相反,在高原东部数值较高。研究结果可为青藏高原地表蒸散与大气热源的定量分析提供参考。

一种基于推力器控制的卫星质心在轨估算方法研究

为准确估计地球静止轨道(GEO)卫星在轨道机动过程中因燃料消耗产生的质心位置的变化,提出了一种基于推力器连续喷气的卫星质心在轨估算方法。采用推力器在固定时间内连续喷气工作方式以形成恒定的推力器作用力和力矩,根据陀螺测量值用最小二乘法估算推力器产生的星体角加速度值,采用产生正负向相反控制力矩的两个推力器同时工作,以减小对卫星姿态的扰动和三轴间的动力学耦合。给出了卫星质心计算公式,讨论了质心估算中的推力器推力位置测量误差、推力器推力矢量方向角度测量误差、成对工作推力器推力大小偏差、陀螺组合测量噪声、整星转动惯量计算偏差,以及卫星姿态动力学耦合特性等主要误差源对估算结果的影响。基于某GEO卫星的推力器数据,计算获得了在轨质心的总测量偏差。仿真结果表明:理论计算值与仿真结果的误差在允许范围内,方法有效,可广泛用于航天器的质心位置测量,方法有较大的工程应用价值。

中国大陆TMPA降水产品气候态的评估

利用逐日全国降水分析产品,对2012年12月下旬发布的最新版本的TRMM等多源卫星降水估算产品(TMPA)进行评估,评估时间从2008年9月到2012年8月。从评估结果来看,研究产品3B42V7产品与CPAP产品具有高的相关性,两者的相关系数达到了0.94,相对误差在—0.11%左右,标准偏差约为0.53 mm·d^(-1)。实时产品3B42RT产品与CPAP产品的相关性相对较差,相关系数为0.75,相对误差也上升到了39.3%,标准偏差为1.25 mm·d^(-1)。3B42RT产品在我国西部高估了降水,全年的相对误差为116.60%(春夏秋冬四季分别为104.52%、105.73%、117.64%和326.60%);3B42V7产品的相对误差仅为0.82%(春夏秋冬四季分别为2.25%、1.24%、—5.27%和—24.64%)。

Timing Advanced Estimation Algorithm of Low Complexity Based on DFT Spectrum Analysis for Satellite System

In satellite mobile communication system, relative movement of the satellite and the terminal will cause a large Doppler offset. Timing advanced estimation with Zadoff-Chu sequence is sensitive to the frequency offset. When the frequency offset is larger than one times subcarrier spacing, the value of peak cannot be detected at the receiving end. To suppress the larger Doppler frequency shift, this paper proposes a novel timing advanced estimation scheme(TAE-MCD) for satellite communication system. In this algorithm, t r a n s m i t t e d s i g n a l i s d i v i d e d i n t o Z C sequence and its conjugate sequence. Using multiplication and DFT operation to find the estimated peak at the receiving end, and make subtraction with the obtained sequences at last. The scheme can not only inhibit the adverse effects of large Doppler frequency shift in timing estimation effectively, but also reduce the computational complexity at the receiving end and improve the work efficiency of the hardware. Simulations results show that TAEMCD outperform the existing timing advanced estimation methods, on the condition of no additional time and frequency resource are needed.

Satellite estimates and subpixel variability of rainfall in a semi-arid grassland

Uncertainties in satellite rainfall estimation may derive from both the local rainfall characteristics and its subpixel variability.To study this issue,Micro Rain Radars and a rain gauge network were deployed within a 9-km satel-lite pixel in the semi-arid Xilingol grassland of China in summer 2009.The authors characterized the subpixel variability with the coefficient of variation(CV)and evaluated the satellite rainfall estimation for this semi-arid area.The results showed that rainfall events with a high CV were mostly convective with a small amount of rain-fall.Spatially inhomogeneous rainfall was most likely to occur at the edges of small clouds producing rain.The performance of the TRMM(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission)3B42V7 product for daily rainfall was better than that of the CMORPH(Climate Prediction Center morphing technique)and PERSIANN(Precipitation Estima-tion from Remotely Sensed Information Using Artificial Neural Networks)products,although the TRMM product tended to overestimate rainfall in a lake area of the semi-arid grassland.

Crop Evapotranspiration Estimation through the,Use of Satellite Images

An efficient water use requires accurate estimations of crop ET （evapotranspiration）. However, an accurate ET estimation is really difficult to achieve when big regions such as irrigation districts or complete watersheds are involved. Satellite images are an alternative that can be used to estimate accurate crop ET for big regions. In the present study, two known methods were used to estimate crop ET, the METRIC model which was developed by the University of Idaho and a Kc-NDVI relationship. In the METRIC model, ET is estimated as a residual of the energy balance equation. The second method uses reference ET, and estimates a crop coefficient （K,.） as a linear function of the NDVI vegetation index. ET was estimated in a section of the Rio Mayo Irrigation District located in Sonora, Mexico using Landsat 7 satellite images. Crop ET of the main crops was estimated. Results show some differences between both methods. An average ET depth of 460 mm for the wheat average growing season was found when using METRIC, while an average ET depth of 421 mm was found when using the Kc-NDVI relationship. A water use total efficiency of 62% and 63% was found for METRIC and the Kc-NDVI relationship, respectively.

A method to estimate concentrations of surface-level particulate matter using satellite-based aerosol optical thickness

We propose a new method to estimate surface-level particulate matter(PM)concentrations by using satellite-retrieved Aerosol Optical Thickness(AOT).This method considers the distribution and variation of Planetary Boundary Layer(PBL)height and relative humidity(RH)at the regional scale.The method estimates surface-level particulate matter concentrations using the data simulated by an atmospheric boundary layer model RAMS and satellite-retrieved AOT.By incorporation MODIS AOT,PBL height and RH simulated by RAMS,this method is applied to estimate the surface-level PM 2.5 concentrations in North China region.The result is evaluated by using 16 ground-based observations deployed in the research region,and the result shows a good agreement between estimated PM 2.5 concentrations and observations,and the coefficient of determination R2 is 0.61 between the estimated PM 2.5 concentrations and the observations.In addition,surface-level PM 2.5 concentrations are also estimated by using MODIS AOT,ground-based LIDAR observations and RH measurements.A comparison between the two estimated PM 2.5 concentrations shows that the new method proposed in this paper is better than the traditional method.The coefficient of determination R2 is improved from 0.32 to 0.62.