Chronic kidney disease prediction is an inexact science: The concept of “progressors” and “nonprogressors”

In 2002,the National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative(NKF KDOQI)instituted new guidelines that established a novel chronic kidney disease(CKD)staging paradigm.This set of guidelines,since updated,is now very widely accepted around the world.Nevertheless,the authoritative United States Preventative Task Force had in August 2012acknowledged that we know surprisingly little about whether screening adults with no signs or symptoms of CKD improve health outcomes and that we deserve better information on CKD.More recently,the American Society of Nephrology and the American College of Physicians,two very well respected United States professional physician organizations were strongly at odds coming out with exactly opposite recommendations regarding the need or otherwise for"CKD screening"among the asymptomatic population.In this review,we revisit the various angles and perspectives of these conflicting arguments,raise unanswered questionsregarding the validity and veracity of the NKF KDOQI CKD staging model,and raise even more questions about the soundness of its evidence-base.We show clinical evidence,from a Mayo Clinic Health System Renal Unit in Northwestern Wisconsin,United States,of the pitfalls of the current CKD staging model,show the inexactitude and unpredictable vagaries of current CKD prediction models and call for a more cautious and guarded application of CKD staging paradigms in clinical practice.The impacts of acute kidney injury on CKD initiation and CKD propagation and progression,the effects of such phenomenon as the syndrome of late onset renal failure from angiotensin blockade and the syndrome of rapid onset end stage renal disease on CKD initiation,CKD propagation and CKD progression to end stage renal disease all demand further study and analysis.Yet more research on CKD staging,CKD prognostication and CKD predictions are warranted.Finally and most importantly,cognizant of the very serious limitations and drawbacks of the NKF K/DOQI CKD staging model,the need to individualize CKD care,both in terms of patient care and prognostication,cannot be overemphasized.

The HBV E Genotype Discover in Dai Nationality in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province

To investigate the distribution of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes among the population of Dai nationality in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province HBV genotypes of the Serum samples were tested by PCR-RFLP. This is the first time to discover the B+E genotypes in China. This finding provides new information for understanding the distribution of HBV genotype in China and a provides a basis for establishing a Chinese gene bank.

Energy has the same characteristics of Qi in traditional Chinese medicine

Giving the accurate definition of the core part of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) is another way for the modernization of TCM. Many researchers had launched their original researches on this way and realized that qi got some characteristics of energy. In this paper, energy is also thought as having the same characteristics as qi for energy is invisible and filled with cell in different patterns. The movement of qi in cell can be understood as the transformations of the chemical energy. So, cell should be regarded as a device which is organized by biomelocules for the transformation from chemical energy to heat energy.

The clinical application of Governor moxibustion in China

Governor moxibustion is a type of external treatment in traditional Chinese medicine that remains being little understood This article briefly describes the current status, limitations, and future development of the clinical application of Governor moxibustion, to facilitate its use in treatment and health care