浑朴其质 虚灵生韵 介绍晚清篆刻家赵穆的四方印作

赵穆（1845-1894年），原名坦，字仲穆、穆父，又名穆盒，号牧园，别署琴鹤生，南兰居士（据其印章边款）等，江苏常州人。其人《昆陵画征录》、《广印人传》有载。《中国美术家人名辞典》说他“性高旷，早年旅客扬州，爱业于吴让之门下垂十载。后乃追踪秦汉，别树一帜，一时从学者甚众，若画家王小某、释莲溪，尤有沆瀣之合。嗣去吴会，游武林，搜集金石碑版，继客游阳羡张渚，山中多竹，则刊竹为简，刻简为铭，并制紫泥茶壶。工篆刻、刀法圆健，远近争相罗购……”

APPLICATION OF NONLINEAR WATERMARK TECHNIQUES IN DIGITAL LIBRARIES

A digital watermark is an invisible mark embedded in a digital image that may be used for a number of different purposes including copyright protection. Due to the urgent need for protecting the copyright of digital products in digital library, digital watermarking has been proposed as a solution to this problem. This letter describes potential situations that nonlinear theory can be used to enhance robustness and security of the watermark in digital library. Some nonlinear watermark techniques have been enumerated. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is superior to the general watermark scheme both in security and robustness in digital library.

Additive Manufacture of Ceramics Components by Inkjet Printing

In order to build a ceramic component by inkjet printing, the object must be fabricated through the interaction and solidification of drops, typically in the range of 10–100 p L. In order to achieve this goal, stable ceramic inks must be developed. These inks should satisfy specific rheological conditions that can be illustrated within a parameter space defined by the Reynolds and Weber numbers. Printed drops initially deform on impact with a surface by dynamic dissipative processes, but then spread to an equilibrium shape defined by capillarity. We can identify the processes by which these drops interact to form linear features during printing, but there is a poorer level of understanding as to how 2D and 3D structures form. The stability of 2D sheets of ink appears to be possible over a more limited range of process conditions that is seen with the formation of lines. In most cases, the ink solidifies through evaporation and there is a need to control the drying process to eliminate the "coffee ring" defect. Despite these uncertainties, there have been a large number of reports on the successful use of inkjet printing for the manufacture of small ceramic components from a number of different ceramics. This technique offers good prospects as a future manufacturing technique. This review identifies potential areas for future research to improve our understanding of this manufacturing method.

Study on the Requirements for Sustainable Settlement Development for Low Income Community in Indonesia

Sustainable development of a new settlement is a development that considers the economic, social, and environmental aspects in the endeavor to accomplish sustainable living development. Significant increase of population, urbanization, migration, and difficult condition in acquiring land, especially in downtown areas, have influence the provision of houses and residential environment. This generates new communities that built new settlements to fulfill their needs, without considering the sustainable development aspect. Government＇s interference with housing development for the people＇s welfare, especially for low income communities, has also shown the lack of sustainable elements. On the other hands, the communities of traditional settlements that have been survived for hundred years, is a living examples of sustainable development practices. It was observed that in the traditional settlement, principle of togetherness for sharing the common goods has been successfully implemented for sustaining their living conditions. This paper disclosed this traditional wisdom as a precondition for sustainable development in building a new settlement. Two types of settlements have been contrasted for this purpose, one is the traditional lhamahu village in Central Maluku province, and the other is a government funded of new settlement at Bumi Teluk Jambe in West Java province. Among the results is a framework for incorporating the requirements for sustainable development into the new settlement project, such as the Bumi Teluk Jambe project.

Ecological Democracy and Sustainability in Fragile Environment： Environmental Discourse in Select Pieces of Environmental Writing from India

Environmental writing has attained a new relevance in the 21st century. In the present scenario, environmental writing becomes a social discourse. This is the result of a new, vibrant and growing environmental constituency in societies such as Brazil, India, Thailand and other Third World Countries. The features of environmental writing include a visible concern for social justice, defence of livelihood and the determining part played by women. This new discourse has emerged with a new focus on redefinition of terms like human rights, common good, democracy and CPRs （common property resources）. Environmental Writing becomes a powerful discourse when it protests against the increasingly intrusive and interventionist developmental projects, implemented by the government, which in turn assert dominion over indigenous people of the land. There is also a strong emphasis on prudence among the poor as contrasted to the ecological profligacy of the rich. This paper is an attempt to examine the voices of dissent and the accountability of postmodern writers and environmental activists in India regarding environmental issues in India.

Phosphate Sorption-Desorption Characteristics in Two Inceptisols and an Alfisol of Chattisgarh, India

Two Inceptisols and an Alfisol of the Indravati Catchment area in Chattisgarh, India, comprising several gradientsin physical and chemical properties were studied to relate phosphate sorption and desorption to soil properties. Fromthe P isotherm curve, the standard P requirement (SPR) of the soils was determined. Phosphate sorption data were alsofitted both to the Langmuir and Freundlich Equations. The mean sorption maximum values for three different soil serieswere: Bastar > Geedam > Mosodi. The fraction of added phosphate sorbed for the 3 series followed this same trend asdid SPR; the phosphate sorption maximum and the maximum phosphate buffering capacity, which were estimated by theLangmuir isotherm; and the Freundlich constant 1/n. However, phosphate desorption, as well as the maximum recoverypercent did not follow this order. The phosphate affinity constant (K) was also different following the same progressionfor the 3 soil series as the Freundlich constant K’, which measured sorption strength. Meanwhile, an inverse order existedfor K and K’ versus the percent desorbed relative to the sorbed as well as the maximum recovery percent. In addition,significant correlation coefficients among sorption parameters of P and soil factors were found.

Author as a Medium： Strategies of Embodiment of Text in Poetry Slam

Dana Gioia in her publication Disappearing Ink： Poetry at the End of Print Culture, draws attention to the increasing popularity of oral forms of poetry--rap, cowboy poetry, poetry slams and performance poetry According to Gioia, transformation of author ＂from an invisible creator of typographic language to a physical presence performing aloud＂, leads to formulation of a strong antithesis for Barthes＇ ＂death of the author＂, namely ＂death of the text＂. In her paper, Gioia assumes that the appearance of the author in his physical presence on stage performing text is equivalent to rebirth of an author and his restoration of power over the meaning of text. This assumption results from a strong division between the process of production and the process of reception of text, which maintains a strong opposition among author, text, and reader. This paper presents slam poetry as an event, during which prepared, written text merges with spoken word susceptible to voices from the audience. This fusion leads to rejection of strong division between production and reception of text and thus between author and reader making all of them participants. Print medium is replaced with living body, which responds to the audience and their reception of text. Text is no longer perceived as an artifact, but as a performative process focused on interaction between participants, which cannot exist outside the event

Jamesian Impressions of the Cities

A writer＇s narrative style is about the way in which he or she comes to handle a subject--it can be a theme, a character, or a place, etc.. When someone tries to define Henry James＇s writing style, for instance, he or she is amazed by the sense of richness in Jamesian styles, because of the writer＇s own life experience and life style Travelling around different cities and going to art galleries and museums certainly construct James＇s unique way of seeing. In this article, the author wants to focus on Jamesian ways of seeing the relation between art and writing. Treating novel as a form of fine arts, the author would suggest, James uses techniques of painting and photography in the writing about the impressions of the cities.

New Geopolitics and India in Central Asia

During the 1990s India did not show much of an interest in Central Asia and its response to join multilateral organisations in the region had been lukewarm. However, in the last decade or so India＇s approach towards the region has changed substantially and some important landmarks signify this shift. As a scholar interested in the region, the author looks at the reasons for India＇s changing approach to the Central Asian region. With this objective, this paper seeks to highlight the significance of Central Asia for India and defines the strategic interests of India in this region. It also discusses the changing geopolitics of Central Asia from India＇s perspective, various phases in India＇s engagement with the region, including the key dynamics and changing approaches. A proactive Central Asia policy also represents another instance of India＇s shift from being an idealist to a realist power. This paper enables us to understand the extent to which India as an emerging power is prepared to pursue its strategic objectives in the region. At the same time, India＇s willingness in recent years to participate in a multilateral regional organization such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization （SCO） demonstrates that it is willing to work in a cooperative framework with other key players in the region--Russia and China.

Indian task force for celiac disease:Current status

There are limited data on celiac disease(CD) from India.The limited knowledge about CD in India might be attributed to several factors.The fi rst meeting of the Indian Task Force for Celiac Disease was held in the Asian Institute of Gastroenterology,Hyderabad,India in December 2008.The objectives of the meeting were to focus research on prevalence of CD in the wheat-eating Northern vs the rice-eating Southern Indian population,low-budget serological assays to study the underprivileged population,to involve other medical subspecialties in CD,to suggest proper legislation regarding wheat food labeling,and to organize affordable food substitutes for patients with celiac disease.

The Doklam Standoff Crisis and the Future of Sino-Indian Relations

Doklam Standoff, a crisis of Sino-Indian bilateral relations, was a large-scale military deployment between China and India. The crisis reflects the newly forming distrust between the two countries that led to an outburst as a result of a series of conflicts over the past two years, which signifies that Sino-Indian relations are entering a new stage characterized by increasingly obvious structural conflict. On the surface, the Modi Administration designed the crisis to stop China from building border infrastructure, to pursue its own absolute security, to maintain South Asian order dominated by India, and to consolidate the basis of strategic cooperation among India, the United States and Japan. Ultimately, however, the British buffer zone theory, the Mandala theory, the Brahmin supremacy theory in traditional Indian culture and the US Monroe Doctrine have also shaped the mindset and behavioral patterns of the Modi Administration. Under the influence of seeking absolute security and its strategic culture, as well as the strong desire to be a great power, the assertive Modi Administration has obviously strengthened its precautionary measures and hostilities toward China. The relations between the two countries are becoming tense. In order to achieve the goal of ＂dragon and elephant dancing together＂, and to avoid the recurrence of crises like the Doklam Standoff, the two sides have to adhere to the two basic principles of viewing each other as opporttmities for development instead of threats to each other. The mindset of a zero-sum game should be abandoned, and efforts should be made to co-found mutual respect and win-win cooperation in areas of common interest.

Effect of Ploughing Depth on the Growth and Yield of Heracleum candicans:a Threatened Medicinal Herb and a Less-explored Potential Crop of the Himalayan Region

This paper examines the effect of ploughing depths （A -- 60 cm, B -- 45 cm and C -- 30 cm） on the growth and yield of Heracleum candicans Wall （Apiaceae）, a threatened medicinal herb of the Himalayan region. This less-explored plant is being suggested as a potential crop for the mountain agriculture. The study was carried out in an orchard in Himachal Pradesh, India at 2500 m altitude, for two successive growth years. During the first year, all plants remained in juvenile state; in the second year, nearly 65 % plants produced flowers only under 60cm ploughing depth. Among its morphological traits, plant height, collar diameter and aboveground flesh weight were found to be strongly correlated （P 〈 0.01） with the belowground biomass during the first year （r =0.968, 0.925 and 0.973, respectively） and during the second year （r=0.945, 0.928 and 0.775, respectively）. Increase in the ploughing depth was significantly correlated （P〈0.01） with all growth parameters, including the belowground dry weight, marketable portion of the produce. The belowground biomass （commercial yield; 16.28 Qt/hec） at depth A was about 2.6 and 4.7 times higher than those recorded at depths B and C, respectively. The results clearly justify the importance of deep ploughing and this paper strongly recommends it for economically sustainable cropping.

Trend in Coral-Algal Phase Shift in the Mandapam Group of Islands, Gulf of Mannar Marine Biosphere Reserve, India

The present study revealed proliferation of macro-algae modifying coral reef ecosystems in a different manner due to diseases and sedimentations in the Mandapam group of islands in the Gulf of Mannar. Benthic surveys were conducted with major attack of seven coral reefs diseases with high sedimentation rate, nine species of fleshy macro-algae(Turbinaria ornata, Turbinaria conaides, Caulerpa scalpelliformis, Caulerpa racemosa, Kappaphycus alvarezii, Padina gymnosphora, Sargassum wightii, Ulva reticulata and Calurpa lentillifera) proliferation against major corals life forms(Acropora branching, Acropora digitate, Acropora tabulate, coral massive, coral submassive, coral foliose and coral encrusting). The results confirm that diseased corals most favor to macro-algae growth(15.27%) rather than the sedimentation covered corals(8.24 %). In the degradation of coral life forms, massive corals were more highly damaged(7.05%) than any other forms. Within a short period of time(May to September), coral coverage shrank to 17.4% from 21.9%, macro-algae increased 23.51% and the average sedimentation rate attained 77.52 mg cm^(-2) d^(-1) with persisting coral reef diseases of 17.59%. The Pearson correlation showed that the coral cover decreased with increasing macro-algae growth, which was statistically significant(r =-0.774, n = 100, P < 0.0005). The proliferation of the various macro-algae C. scalpellifrmis, T. ornata, C. racemosa, T. conaides, U. reticulata, S. wightii, K. alvarezii, P. gymnosphora and C. lentillifera increased with percentages of 6.0, 5.8, 5.7, 4.9, 4.2, 3.7, 2.7 and 1.9, respectively. If this trend continues, the next generation of new recruit corals will undoubtedly lead to a phase shift in Gulf of Mannar corals.

An Ocean Reanalysis System for the Joining Area of Asia and Indian-Pacific Ocean

An ocean reanalysis system for the joining area of Asia and Indian-Pacific Ocean (AIPO) has been developed and is currently delivering reanalysis data sets for study on the air-sea interaction over AIPO and its climate variation over China in the inter-annual time scale.This system consists of a nested ocean model forced by atmospheric reanalysis,an ensemble-based multivariate ocean data assimilation system and various ocean observations.The following report describes the main components of the data assimilation system in detail.The system adopts an ensemble optimal interpolation scheme that uses a seasonal update from a free running model to estimate the background error covariance matrix.In view of the systematic biases in some observation systems,some treatments were performed on the observations before the assimilation.A coarse resolution reanalysis dataset from the system is preliminarily evaluated to demonstrate the performance of the system for the period 1992 to 2006 by comparing this dataset with other observations or reanalysis data.

Impact of life and inspiration- Monet＇s back garden era

Impressionist Claude Monet was the most representative painter; he is not only the founder and terminator of Impressionism, but also the opener of modem painting. The artistic vitality of his life is extremely strong, unrivaled with an amazing number of works of Impressionism. Among the legacy, ＂classic＂ and ＂existence＂ works make up the most. The 1890s is the dividing line of Monet＇ s two periods of his creative career. It is also his most focused era of creation, called Monet back garden world＂ , where his works of all forms come out.

LINKAGE BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND TWO TYPES OF El NI?O AND ITS POSSIBLE MECHANISMS

After compositing three representative ENSO indices,El Nio events have been divided into an eastern pattern(EP) and a central pattern(CP).By using EOF,correlation and composite analysis,the relationship and possible mechanisms between Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD) and two types of El Nio were investigated.IOD events,originating from Indo-Pacific scale air-sea interaction,are composed of two modes,which are associated with EP and CP El Ni o respectively.The IOD mode related to EP El Nio events(named as IOD1) is strongest at the depth of 50 to 150 m along the equatorial Indian Ocean.Besides,it shows a quasi-symmetric distribution,stronger in the south of the Equator.The IOD mode associated with CP El Nio(named as IOD2) has strongest signal in tropical southern Indian Ocean surface.In terms of mechanisms,before EP El Nio peaks,anomalous Walker circulation produces strong anomalous easterlies in equatorial Indian Ocean,resulting in upwelling in the east,decreasing sea temperature there;a couple of anomalous anticyclones(stronger in the south) form off the Equator where warm water accumulates,and thus the IOD1 occurs.When CP El Nio develops,anomalous Walker circulation is weaker and shifts its center to the west,therefore anomalous easterlies in equatorial Indian Ocean is less strong.Besides,the anticyclone south of Sumatra strengthens,and the southerlies east of it bring cold water from higher latitudes and northerlies west of it bring warm water from lower latitudes to the 15° to 25°S zone.Meanwhile,there exists strong divergence in the east and convergence in the west part of tropical southern Indian Ocean,making sea temperature fall and rise separately.Therefore,IOD2 lies farther south.

Operating Conditions Optimization on Indonesian ＂Batik＂ Dyes Wastewater Treatment by Fenton Oxidation and Separation Using Ultrafiltration Membrane

Broadly speaking, this study aims to develop ＂batik＂ dyes wastewater treatment technologies by hybrid process that combines Fenton oxidation and separation using ultrafiltration membranes. Specifically, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of membrane characteristics, feed solution pH, operating pressure of ＂Dead-end＂ membrane reactor, and the frequency of membranes which uses on the percentage of COD reduction in ＂batik＂ wastewater. In this study, the filtrate from wastewater pre-treatment with Fenton oxidation, both without and with addition of activated carbon, is passed to the ultrafiltration （UF） separation system. Fenton oxidation process was carried out at optimum conditions, i.e. at pH 3, temperature 50 ℃, and the addition FeSO4·7H2O and H2O2 at 747-830 mg/L and 1,168-1,460 mg/L, respectively. The optimum reduction percentage of COD can be achieved when the membranes used for separation has a pore size of 0.01 to 0.015 lam, feed solution pH 2, operating pressure 1 atm and frequency of membranes uses I x. To determine the fouling potential on ultrafiltration membranes that are used, flux measurements were performed 3 times for each membrane. These stages can see that the flux decline reached 22.5% when the effluent filtered directly to the membrane; 17.3% when performed pre-treatment prior to separation processes using membranes and 10% when combined pre-treatment process, use of activated carbon and the separation using ultrafiltration membranes.