千山寺僧祖宁

《朝鲜仁祖(李倧)实录》:“二年(天启四年)五月乙卯,毛文龙标下将官易承惠遣兵招谕辽东千山寺僧祖宁。祖宁率寺僧二百余人,真(?)(女真)一人,骡马二十余匹渡江。”按其时千山早属后金,祖宁以方外而响应抗敌号召,

现期外文科技期刊的开架阅览

在科学技术高速发展的今天,科技文献资料发展的数量急剧增加,被人们称为爆炸性的增长。据统计,七十年代,全世界期刊品种为五万种。八十年代,达十万种,预计今后增长速度还要快。面临数量庞大文献资料,图书馆必须加快情报传递速度,才能适应于我国四个现代化的发展需要。现期外文科技期刊开架阅览是图书馆提高外刊利用率的一种最佳服务方式。它能使读者直接接触馆藏,使各学科的期刊得到充分利用。尤其是现代学科之间相互交叉渗透,相互联系逐渐加强,所以期刊内容广泛分散。一个刊物载有许多学科的论著,一个学科的论著又分散发表在多种刊物上。据统计,在1332篇地球物理方面的论文中,只有32％的论文发表在本学科刊物上,其它都分散登载在跨专业刊物上了。所以靠读者查刊名目录、分类目录是不可能全面查到的。只有开架阅览,这部分刊才能便于读者浏览。这是闭架无法做到的。

Quantization-Based Robust Image Watermarking Using the Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform

Conventional quantization index modulation (QIM) watermarking uses the fixed quantization step size for the host signal.This scheme is not robust against geometric distortions and may lead to poor fidelity in some areas of content.Thus,we proposed a quantization-based image watermarking in the dual tree complex wavelet domain.We took advantages of the dual tree complex wavelets (perfect reconstruction,approximate shift invariance,and directional selectivity).For the case of watermark detecting,the probability of false alarm and probability of false negative were exploited and verified by simulation.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is robust against JPEG compression,additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN),and some kinds of geometric attacks such as scaling,rotation,etc.

Audio Zero-Watermark Scheme Based on Discrete Cosine Transform-Discrete Wavelet TransformSingular Value Decomposition

Traditional watermark embedding schemes inevitably modify the data in a host audio signal and lead to the degradation of the host signal.In this paper,a novel audio zero-watermarking algorithm based on discrete wavelet transform(DWT),discrete cosine transform(DCT),and singular value decomposition(SVD) is presented.The watermark is registered by performing SVD on the coefficients generated through DWT and DCT to avoid data modification and host signal degradation.Simulation results show that the proposed zero-watermarking algorithm is strongly robust to common signal processing methods such as requantization,MP3 compression,resampling,addition of white Gaussian noise,and low-pass filtering.

Modelling and Hazard Analysis for Contaminated Sediments Using STAMP Model and STPA Tool

The goal of this article is dual： first, introducing a new model of accident named STAMP （systems-theoretic accident modeling and processes）; then applying the model to an innovative process for the treatment of contaminated substances and the re-use of treated substances. This article is a demonstration for a need of a new tool to take into account hazards and safety within socio-technical systems.

Suppression of esophageal cancer cell growth using curcumin,(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and lovastatin

AIM:To determine the effects of curcumin,(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG),lovastatin,and their combinations on inhibition of esophageal cancer.METHODS:Esophageal cancer TE-8 and SKGT-4 cell lines were subjected to cell viability methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium and tumor cell invasion assays in vitro and tumor formation and growth in nude mouse xenografts with or without curcumin,EGCG and lovastatin treatment.Gene expression was detected using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting in tumor cell lines,tumor xenografts and human esophageal cancer tissues,respectively.RESULTS:These drugs individually or in combinations significantly reduced the viability and invasion capacity of esophageal cancer cells in vitro.Molecularly,these three agents reduced the expression of phosphorylated extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (Erk1/2),c-Jun and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2),but activated caspase 3 in esophageal cancer cells.The nude mouse xenograft assay showed that EGCG and the combinations of curcumin,EGCG and lovastatin suppressed esophageal cancer cell growth and reduced the expression of Ki67,phosphorylated Erk1/2 and COX-2.The expression of phosphorylated Erk1/2 and COX-2 in esophageal cancer tissue specimens was also analyzed using immunohistochemistry.The data demonstrated that 77 of 156 (49.4%) tumors expressed phosphorylated Erk1/2 and that 121 of 156 (77.6%) esophageal cancers expressed COX-2 protein.In particular,phosphorylated Erk1/2 was expressed in 23 of 50 (46%) cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and in 54 of 106 (50.9%) cases of adenocarcinoma,while COX-2 was expressed in 39 of 50 (78%) esophageal SCC and in 82 of 106 (77.4%) esophageal adenocarcinoma.CONCLUSION:The combinations of curcumin,EGCG and lovastatin were able to suppress esophageal cancer cell growth in vitro and in nude mouse xenografts,these drugs also inhibited phosphorylated Erk1/2,c-Jun and COX-2 expression.

Notch2 regulates matrix metallopeptidase 9 via PI3K/AKT signaling in human gastric carcinoma cell MKN-45

AIM：To clarify the role of activated Notch2 in the invasiveness of gastric cancer.METHODS：To investigate the invasiveness of silencing Notch2 gene expression,we established a Notch2small interfering RNA（siRNA） transfected cell line using the MKN-45 gastric cancer cell line.After the successful transfection confirmed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR） and Western blotting,migration and invasion assays were employed to evaluate the aggressiveness of the gastric cancer.RT-PCR and Western blottings were employed to confirm the down-regulation of Notch2 and to evaluate the expression of epithelial mesenchymal transition-related gene matrix metallopeptidase 9（MMP9）,Akt,p-Akt.To confirm the relationship between PI3KAkt and MMP9,the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 was used to treat MKN-45 cells.RESULTS：Notch2 expression was dramatically decreased after Notch2 siRNA transfection（100.00% ± 9.74% vs 11.61% ± 3.85%,P 〈 0.01 by qRT-PCR）.There was also a marked reduction of Notch target gene Hes1（100.00% ± 4.74% vs 61.61% ± 3.58%,P 〈 0.05） at the mRNA,indicating an inhibition of Notch signaling.Inhibition of Notch signaling was also confirmed by the marked reduction of Notch2 intracellular domain at the protein levels（100.00% ± 9.74% vs 65.61% ± 7.58%,P 〈 0.05）.Down-regulation of Notch2 by siRNA enhanced tumor cell invasion（100.00% ± 21.64% vs 162.22% ± 16.84%,P 〈 0.05） and expression of MMP9（1.56 fold,P 〈 0.05）,and activated the pro-MMP9 protein to its active form（1.48 fold,P 〈 0.05）.There was no significant difference in the protein levels of Akt between the two groups（100.00% ± 10.87% vs 96.61% ± 7.33%,P 〉 0.05）,while down-regulation of Notch2 elevated p-Akt expression（100.00% ± 9.87% vs 154.61% ± 13.10%,P 〈 0.05）.Furthermore,p-Akt and MMP9 was down-regulated in response to the inhibitor LY294002（p-Akt 100.00% ± 8.87% vs 58.27% ± 5.01%,P 〈 0.05;MMP9 100.00% ± 9.17% vs 50.03% ± 4.88%,P 〈 0.05）.CONCLUSION：Notch2 may negatively regulate cell invasion by inhibiting the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway

AKT1 and AKT2 Promote Malignant Transformation in Human Brain Glioma LN229 Cells

OBJECTIVE To confirm the role played by AKT1 and AKT2 in the β- catenin/Tcf-4 signaling pathway in promoting malignant transfor- mation of glioma cells. METHODS LN229 cells were divided into five groups： a control group, acetone （ACE）group, acetylsalicylic acid （ASA; aspirin） group, ASA＋AKT1 plasmid group and ASA＋AKT2 plasmid group. Western blot and PCR were used to detect the expression of AKT1 and AKT2 after dealing with ASA and transferring AKTI/2 genes into LN229 cells. Cell proliferation was determined by flow cytometry, cell invasion was evaluated by transwell assay and cell apoptosis was detected with annexin V staining. The molecules regulating proliferation and invasion were examined by western blot analysis. RESULTS Aspirin down-regulates AKT1 and AKT2 expression by modulating β-cateninfrcf-4 activity. AKT1 and AKT2 can enhance cell proliferation and invasion by up-regulating the expression of cyclin-D and matrix metalloprotein-9 （MMP-9） in LN229 glioma cells. CONCLUSION AKT1 and AKT2 play an important role in the β- catenin/Tcf-4 signaling pathway promoting malignant transformation; AKT1 is more effective than AKT2. AKT1 and AKT2 may be potential targets for brain glioma therapy and an effective way to prevent metastasis of gliomas.

Novel Blind Robust Watermarking Based on Chaotic Mixing

This paper proposed a novel blind robust watermarking scheme. Multi-bits watermark is embedded in the chaotic mixed image blocks. Energy of the watermark is spread to all region of the blocks instead of some individual pixels, which entitles the watermark with imperceptibility and high robustness. A class of 1-D Markov chaotic maps is employed to perform image block mixing and watermark encryption ensures security of the system. To prove the validity of this proposed scheme, some objective comparisons with the popular spread spectrum scheme were also presented. The simulation results show that this scheme can survive processing such as high-ratio JPEG compression, Gaussian noise pollution and histogram equalization.

Type Ⅱ VLDLR promotes cell migration by up-regulation of VEGF, MMP2 and MMP7 in breast cancer cells

Objective： Very low density lipoprotein receptor （VLDLR） has been considered as a multiple function receptor due to binding numerous ligands, causing endocytosis and regulating cellular signaling. Our group previously reported that type II VLDLR overexpression in breast cancer tissues. The purpose of this study is to characterize type II VLDLR activities during cell migration using breast cancer cell lines. Methods： Western blotting was used to test protein expression. Cell migration was analyzed by Scratch wound assay. The mRNA expression was tested by realtime-PCR. Reporter assay was to test the transcription activity. Results： Scratch wound and Report assay indicated up-regulated VLDLR II expression promotes cell migration via activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The target genes such as VEGF, MMP2 and MMP7 were upregulated in VLDLR II overexpressed cells. On the contrary, cells treated with TFPI had an inhibition effect of cell migration response to down-regulation of VLDLR Ⅱ. Conclusion： Type Ⅱ VLDLR conferred a migration and invasion advantage by activating Wnt/β- catenin pathway, then up-regulating VEGF, MMP2 and MMP7 in breast cancer cells.

Salubrinal protects against tunicamycin and hypoxia induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via the PERK-eIF2a signaling pathway

Objectives This study examined the protective effect of salubrinal and the mechanism underlying this protection against tunicamycin （TM）- and hypoxia-induced apoptosis in rat cardiomyocytes. Methods Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were cultured from the ventricles of l-day-old Wistar rats. Cells were exposed to different concentrations of salubrinal （10, 20, and 40 gmol/L） for 30 min followed by TM treatment or hypoxia for 36 h. Apoptosis was measured by a multiparameter HCS （high content screening） apoptosis assay, TUNEL assay and flow cytometry. The phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha （eIF2c0 and the expression of cleaved caspase-12 were determined by Western blotting. C/EBP homologous protein （CHOP） was detected by immunocytochemistry. Results HCS, TUNEL assays and flow cytometry showed that salubrinal protected cardiomyocytes against apoptosis induced by TM or hypoxia. Western blotting showed that salubrinal protected cardiomyocytes against apoptosis by inducing eIF2ct phosphorylation and down-regulating the expression of the endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptotic proteins, CHOP and cleaved caspase-12. Conclusions Our study suggests that salubrinal protects rat cardiomyocytes against TM- or hypoxia-associated apoptosis via a mechanism involving the inhibition of ER stress-mediated apoptosis.

Watermark in the Digital Video Broadcasting Handheld Transmission Signal

Transmitter identification(TxID) technique is used to diagnose the operation status of radio transmitters in DTV distributed transmission network.A new TxID method for digital video broadcasting-handheld (DVB-H) system is proposed.Watermark is embedded in the DVB-H signal to form the composite signal.According to watermarking theory we demonstrate the required signal level for watermarking signal to achieve given bit error probability under different circumstance.By selecting the reference pattern to generate watermarking signal,peak-to-average power ratio(PAPR) of the transmitted signal can be improved.Simulation results show that even in wireless situation the receiver can distinguish the watermarking signal with low embedding strength, and distortion to the host signal can also be ignored.