In Indonesian marine area about 555 species of seaweed have been identified and of these 55 species are being commercially utilized and have been successesfully cultivated. Three varieties of macro algae have been mos...In Indonesian marine area about 555 species of seaweed have been identified and of these 55 species are being commercially utilized and have been successesfully cultivated. Three varieties of macro algae have been most successfully cultivated, i.e., Eucheuma cottony, Eucheuma spinosum and Gracilaria verucosa. The global financial crisis has reduced the worldwide demand for carrageenan by 20-30%. Demand continues to be slow and there is little evidence so far that this situation will change in the short term. There are signs, however, that demand might start to pick up on the 1st quarter of next year but is not expected to meet the same level as experienced during 2008. Based on survey data, the is about 1.2 million ha which centered around 15 provinces. In potential area of Indonesian coastal water for seaweed cultivation these areas, the production of Eucheuma cottonii （Kappaphycus alvarezii （Doty）） and Eucheuma spinosum （Eucheuma denticulatum （N. L. Burman） F. S. Collins ＆ Hervey） has amounted to around 42% of the supply. These natural resources provide excellent prospects for future development of the seaweed business in Indonesia.展开更多
Indonesia, as the largest archipelagic state in the world, shares maritimeborders with many countries including Malaysia in the Straits of Malacca, the South China Sea and the Celebes Sea. Because of its geopolitical ...Indonesia, as the largest archipelagic state in the world, shares maritimeborders with many countries including Malaysia in the Straits of Malacca, the South China Sea and the Celebes Sea. Because of its geopolitical location these borders are very porous and, as a consequence, are highly difficult to monitor and control, making it vulnerable spots for illegal activities such as arms smuggling. This paper aims to examine the challenges faced by Indonesia and Malaysia in dealing with the main security border issues. The paper then concludes that Malaysia has become the main route for small arms illicit trafficking from other Southeast Asian countries to Indonesia＇s conflict areas. Indonesia and Malaysia face an enormous challenge, particularly in view of the recent happenings in conflict zones and the increasingly need to secure their common borders.展开更多
Grouper and snapper are the potential fishery commodity in Indonesia with a high economic value, as well as an export commodity. A common disease in grouper and snapper aquaculture is vibriosis. Vibriosis is a disease...Grouper and snapper are the potential fishery commodity in Indonesia with a high economic value, as well as an export commodity. A common disease in grouper and snapper aquaculture is vibriosis. Vibriosis is a disease caused by bacteria of the genus Vibrio. The aim of study was to compare between phenotypic and genotypic identification of Vibrio isolated from Batam and Mataram, Indonesia. Bacteria were isolated from anterior kidney and eye of fish, then grown in thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose （TCBS） and incubated in room temperature （25-28 ~C） for 24 h, and identified using morphology and biochemical test. Bacterial isolates were extracted, amplified and sequenced on 16S rRNA region. Phylogenetic tree of bacteria was constructed using neighbor-joining and maximum-parsimony methods. The phenotypic identification was found six isolates of Vibrio from Batam, such as K alginolyticus, V. carchariae, K damselae, V. fluvialis, V. furnissii and K parahaemolyticus. Three isolates were found from Mataram, such as 1I. alginolyticus, V. carchariae and V. fluvialis. Blast analysis showed isolates of V. alginolyticus_btm and V. carchariae_btm homolog to V. parahaemolyticus strain DAHMV3; isolates of V. damselae_btm and K alginolyticus_mtr homolog to V. neocaledonicus strain MS1; isolates of V. parahaemolyticus__btm and V. furnisii_btm homolog with Photobacterium damselae subsp, damselae strain： 04Ya311 and isolate of K fluvialis_mtr homolog to V. azureus strain MMRF532, respectively. All phenotypic identification was not supported by molecular identification on 16S rRNA region. It was suggested that phenotypic identification should be supported by molecular examination, especially in identification of Vibrio species.展开更多
文摘In Indonesian marine area about 555 species of seaweed have been identified and of these 55 species are being commercially utilized and have been successesfully cultivated. Three varieties of macro algae have been most successfully cultivated, i.e., Eucheuma cottony, Eucheuma spinosum and Gracilaria verucosa. The global financial crisis has reduced the worldwide demand for carrageenan by 20-30%. Demand continues to be slow and there is little evidence so far that this situation will change in the short term. There are signs, however, that demand might start to pick up on the 1st quarter of next year but is not expected to meet the same level as experienced during 2008. Based on survey data, the is about 1.2 million ha which centered around 15 provinces. In potential area of Indonesian coastal water for seaweed cultivation these areas, the production of Eucheuma cottonii （Kappaphycus alvarezii （Doty）） and Eucheuma spinosum （Eucheuma denticulatum （N. L. Burman） F. S. Collins ＆ Hervey） has amounted to around 42% of the supply. These natural resources provide excellent prospects for future development of the seaweed business in Indonesia.
文摘Indonesia, as the largest archipelagic state in the world, shares maritimeborders with many countries including Malaysia in the Straits of Malacca, the South China Sea and the Celebes Sea. Because of its geopolitical location these borders are very porous and, as a consequence, are highly difficult to monitor and control, making it vulnerable spots for illegal activities such as arms smuggling. This paper aims to examine the challenges faced by Indonesia and Malaysia in dealing with the main security border issues. The paper then concludes that Malaysia has become the main route for small arms illicit trafficking from other Southeast Asian countries to Indonesia＇s conflict areas. Indonesia and Malaysia face an enormous challenge, particularly in view of the recent happenings in conflict zones and the increasingly need to secure their common borders.
文摘Grouper and snapper are the potential fishery commodity in Indonesia with a high economic value, as well as an export commodity. A common disease in grouper and snapper aquaculture is vibriosis. Vibriosis is a disease caused by bacteria of the genus Vibrio. The aim of study was to compare between phenotypic and genotypic identification of Vibrio isolated from Batam and Mataram, Indonesia. Bacteria were isolated from anterior kidney and eye of fish, then grown in thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose （TCBS） and incubated in room temperature （25-28 ~C） for 24 h, and identified using morphology and biochemical test. Bacterial isolates were extracted, amplified and sequenced on 16S rRNA region. Phylogenetic tree of bacteria was constructed using neighbor-joining and maximum-parsimony methods. The phenotypic identification was found six isolates of Vibrio from Batam, such as K alginolyticus, V. carchariae, K damselae, V. fluvialis, V. furnissii and K parahaemolyticus. Three isolates were found from Mataram, such as 1I. alginolyticus, V. carchariae and V. fluvialis. Blast analysis showed isolates of V. alginolyticus_btm and V. carchariae_btm homolog to V. parahaemolyticus strain DAHMV3; isolates of V. damselae_btm and K alginolyticus_mtr homolog to V. neocaledonicus strain MS1; isolates of V. parahaemolyticus__btm and V. furnisii_btm homolog with Photobacterium damselae subsp, damselae strain： 04Ya311 and isolate of K fluvialis_mtr homolog to V. azureus strain MMRF532, respectively. All phenotypic identification was not supported by molecular identification on 16S rRNA region. It was suggested that phenotypic identification should be supported by molecular examination, especially in identification of Vibrio species.
