The major challenge in printable electronics fabrication is to effectively and accurately control a drop-on-demand(Do D) inkjet printhead for high printing quality. In this work, an optimal prediction model, construct...The major challenge in printable electronics fabrication is to effectively and accurately control a drop-on-demand(Do D) inkjet printhead for high printing quality. In this work, an optimal prediction model, constructed with the lumped element modeling(LEM) and the artificial bee colony(ABC) algorithm, was proposed to efficiently predict the combination of waveform parameters for obtaining the desired droplet properties. For acquiring higher simulation accuracy, a modified dynamic lumped element model(DLEM) was proposed with time-varying equivalent circuits, which can characterize the nonlinear behaviors of piezoelectric printhead. The proposed method was then applied to investigate the influences of various waveform parameters on droplet volume and velocity of nano-silver ink, and to predict the printing quality using nano-silver ink. Experimental results show that, compared with two-dimension manual search, the proposed optimal prediction model perform efficiently and accurately in searching the appropriate combination of waveform parameters for printable electronics fabrication.展开更多
River Ghataprabha, during its course through Belgaum district in Karnataka state （India）, receives untreated domestic waste from Gokak town and other neighboring villages situated on the bank of the river. The prese...River Ghataprabha, during its course through Belgaum district in Karnataka state （India）, receives untreated domestic waste from Gokak town and other neighboring villages situated on the bank of the river. The present study involves the application of water quality model QUAL2K to predict the water quality of this polluted segment of the river. The model was calibrated and validated for biochemical oxygen demand （BOD）, dissolved oxygen （DO） and total nitrogen （TN） in pre-monsoon season. Data for calibration and validation were obtained after the field and laboratory measurements. The performance of the model was evaluated using statistics based on standard errors （SE） and mean multiplicative errors （MME）. The model represented the field data quite well with some exceptions. In spite of some differences between the measured and simulated data sets at some points, the calibration and validation results are acceptable especially for the developing countries where the financial resources are often limited for frequent monitoring campaigns and higher accuracy data analysis.展开更多
This paper reported a novel method of integrating bypass diodes into crystalline silicon solar cells.Bypass diodes which have the opposite p-n junction were formed by printing specific paste on the local surface of so...This paper reported a novel method of integrating bypass diodes into crystalline silicon solar cells.Bypass diodes which have the opposite p-n junction were formed by printing specific paste on the local surface of solar cells using screen printing,while infrared laser was applied to isolate the diode from the cell after firing.A module of crystalline silicon solar cells with integrated bypass diodes was fabricated and the I-V characteristics were measured under different shade conditions.The experimental results clearly showed that the integrated bypass diodes can effectively stabilize module's short circuit current while reduce the module power loss when shaded as well.展开更多
基金Projects(2014AA052101-3,2014AA052102)supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of ChinaProjects(51205389,61105067)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The major challenge in printable electronics fabrication is to effectively and accurately control a drop-on-demand(Do D) inkjet printhead for high printing quality. In this work, an optimal prediction model, constructed with the lumped element modeling(LEM) and the artificial bee colony(ABC) algorithm, was proposed to efficiently predict the combination of waveform parameters for obtaining the desired droplet properties. For acquiring higher simulation accuracy, a modified dynamic lumped element model(DLEM) was proposed with time-varying equivalent circuits, which can characterize the nonlinear behaviors of piezoelectric printhead. The proposed method was then applied to investigate the influences of various waveform parameters on droplet volume and velocity of nano-silver ink, and to predict the printing quality using nano-silver ink. Experimental results show that, compared with two-dimension manual search, the proposed optimal prediction model perform efficiently and accurately in searching the appropriate combination of waveform parameters for printable electronics fabrication.
文摘River Ghataprabha, during its course through Belgaum district in Karnataka state （India）, receives untreated domestic waste from Gokak town and other neighboring villages situated on the bank of the river. The present study involves the application of water quality model QUAL2K to predict the water quality of this polluted segment of the river. The model was calibrated and validated for biochemical oxygen demand （BOD）, dissolved oxygen （DO） and total nitrogen （TN） in pre-monsoon season. Data for calibration and validation were obtained after the field and laboratory measurements. The performance of the model was evaluated using statistics based on standard errors （SE） and mean multiplicative errors （MME）. The model represented the field data quite well with some exceptions. In spite of some differences between the measured and simulated data sets at some points, the calibration and validation results are acceptable especially for the developing countries where the financial resources are often limited for frequent monitoring campaigns and higher accuracy data analysis.
基金supported by the Scientific and Technological Key Research Projects of Guangdong Province (Grant No. 2008A080800007)the Science & Research Program of Guangdong Province (Grant No. 2009B011100002)
文摘This paper reported a novel method of integrating bypass diodes into crystalline silicon solar cells.Bypass diodes which have the opposite p-n junction were formed by printing specific paste on the local surface of solar cells using screen printing,while infrared laser was applied to isolate the diode from the cell after firing.A module of crystalline silicon solar cells with integrated bypass diodes was fabricated and the I-V characteristics were measured under different shade conditions.The experimental results clearly showed that the integrated bypass diodes can effectively stabilize module's short circuit current while reduce the module power loss when shaded as well.
