The association of scyphomedusae with invertebrates has been long known in the literature; especially with hyperiids amphipods. The association of echinoderms with jellyfish is not common and rarely recorded. We repor...The association of scyphomedusae with invertebrates has been long known in the literature; especially with hyperiids amphipods. The association of echinoderms with jellyfish is not common and rarely recorded. We reported the association of the ophiuroid Ophiocnemis marnmrata with the rhizostome scyphomedusa Rhopilema hispidum collected in Vellar estuary （on the southeast coast of India）. O. marmorata is supposed to be a filter feeding ophiuroid, quite common in soft bottom of shallow waters. The brittle stars possibly seek for food supply, shelter and protection through the association.展开更多
AIM： To evaluate a low cost Indian recombinant hepatitis B vaccine GeneVac-B for its immunogenicity and safety in comparison to Engerix B and Shanvac B vaccine in high risk newborn infants born to （hepatitis B surfa...AIM： To evaluate a low cost Indian recombinant hepatitis B vaccine GeneVac-B for its immunogenicity and safety in comparison to Engerix B and Shanvac B vaccine in high risk newborn infants born to （hepatitis B surface antigen） HBsAg positive mothers.METHODS： A total of 158 infants were enrolled in the study. Fifty eight infants were enrolled in the GeneVac-B group while 50 each were included for Engerix B and Shanvac B groups. A three-dose regimen of vaccination; at birth （within 24 h of birth）, 1st mo and 6 too. were adopted with 10 μg dosage administered uniformly in all the three groups. Clinical and immunological parameters were assessed for safety and immunogenicity of the vaccines, in all the enrolled infants.RESULTS： Successful follow up until seven months of age was achieved in 83% （48/58） for GeneVac-B, 76% （38/50） and 64% （32/50） for Engerix B and Shanvac B groups respectively. 100% seroconversion and seroprotection was achieved in all the three groups of infants. The geometric mean titers of anti-HBs one month after the completion of three dose of vaccination were 90.5, 80.9 and 72.5 mTU/mL in GeneVac-B, Engerix B and Shanvac B vaccine group respectively. Furthermore the level of anti-HBs increases with age of babies who were born to HBsAg positive mothers. The GMT values of anti-HBs were 226.7, 193.9 and 173.6 mIU/mL respectively in GeneVac-B, Engerix B and Shanvac B groups one year after the completion of the three doses of vaccine. No systemic reactions were reported in infants during the entire vaccination process of GeneVac-B and the other two vaccines. Clinical safety parameters remained within the normal limits throughout the study period.CONCLUSION： The study concludes that there is no significant difference between the three recombinant hepatitis B vaccines. Administration of these vaccines within 24 h of birth to babies, born to HBsAg positive mothers will reduce the incidence of HBV infection.展开更多
The global burden caused by dengue has increased dramatically in recent decades. Dengue Fever and its severe clinical manifestation, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever and Dengue Shock Syndrome, have become international public...The global burden caused by dengue has increased dramatically in recent decades. Dengue Fever and its severe clinical manifestation, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever and Dengue Shock Syndrome, have become international public health problem endemic in more than 100 countries, risking 2.5 to 3 billion world populations in tropical and subtropical region. Envelope （E） protein of dengue virus has been proposed as the most important antigen that enables it as vaccine candidate or diagnostic materials. Recombinant protein E production is desirable for dengue vaccine and diagnostic development, especially in Indonesia, where dengue is epidemic. Cloning E gene in an expression vector is essential as an initial method to produce dengue E antigens. The purpose of this research was to clone E gene of dengue virus type 3 （Indonesia D3-1703 strain） into Saccharomyces cerevisiae expression vector pYES2/CT. The cloning method used was the in vitro ligation protocol. First, the cDNA from dengue virus type 3 strain （D3-1703） was generated. Then the polymerase chain reaction （PCR） amplification product of E gene cassette from this cDNA was obtained. The E gene cassette was ligated into linearized pYES2/CT resulting a recombinant vector named pYES2/CT-E. The cloned E gene was verified by restriction enzyme digestion and PCR. Sequencing analysis at its 5＇ end showed that the E gene was inserted at the right open reading frame. In conclusion, the results showed that for the first time the E gene originated from an Indonesian dengue virus type 3 strain was successfully cloned within the yeast expression vector pYES2/CT. In the future, this clone could be expressed and provided as materials for dengue vaccine and diagnostic kit, specific for Indonesian dengue virus strain.展开更多
Rhinoceroses are among the most endangered mammals in the world. Despite a recent increase in numbers in most wild populations, poaching or political instability may exterminate large populations very quickly. Therefo...Rhinoceroses are among the most endangered mammals in the world. Despite a recent increase in numbers in most wild populations, poaching or political instability may exterminate large populations very quickly. Therefore, captive or ex situ rhinoceros populations can play an important role in their conservation. Previous studies identified infant mortality and interbirth intervals among the main parameters affecting the viability and survival of rhinoceros populations. In our study, we tested the recently suggested prediction that in captive Indian rhinoceros Rhinoceros unicornis, longer interbirth intervals may result in higher infant mortality. We also examined the factors that are the main pre- dictors of infant mortality and interbith intervals using the studbook data on Indian rhinoceros born in zoos worldwide as well as data from Dudhwa National Park, India, where rhinoceroses were success- fully reintroduced. We found no association between interbirth intervals and infant mortality. In both populations, the main predictor of infant mortality was mother＇s parity, with higher mortality in calves born to primiparous mothers. In addition, we found that the interbirth intervals were shorter in zoos than in Dudhwa and that they increased with increase in age of the mother, which was the only factor affecting interbirth interval in both populations. Our results show that the same factors affect both parameters in both populations and thus illustrate that the reproduction and infant survival of Indian rhinoceros in zoos reflect the natural pattern. Furthermore, we suggest that in captivity, the interbirth intervals could be slightly prolonged to approach the situation in the wild.展开更多
Emplacement P-T condition estimations using granites are important for understanding metamorphic and erosional processes of orogenic belt.Granites are widespread in South China and a majority of them are peraluminous....Emplacement P-T condition estimations using granites are important for understanding metamorphic and erosional processes of orogenic belt.Granites are widespread in South China and a majority of them are peraluminous.Particularly,over 91%of the Indosinian granites exposed in the region are peraluminous in composition.It is extremely hard to determine the pressure of intrusion of these peraluminous granites due to the absence of amphibole,a good mineral barometer commonly identified in metaluminous granites.Muscovite is a common mineral in peraluminous granites,certain kind of it could be used as a mineral barometer to constrain the emplacement pressure of peraluminous granites.In this paper,results of petrographic and geochemical studies of muscovites from the Indosinian and early Yanshanian two-mica granites at the Longyuanba in the eastern Nanling Range are reported.Based on petrographic studies,the primary muscovite can be discriminated from the secondary muscovites.Muscovites from the Indosinian two-mica granites are enriched in Ti,Al,Mg,and Na,and depleted in Fe and Mn.Geochemically,these muscovites were considered as primary,whereas those from the Yanshanian two-mica granites fall into the area of secondary muscovite on discrimination diagrams.Barometer estimations show that pressures calculated for primary muscovites are accurate,but those calculated for secondary muscovites are overestimated.The average pressure of emplacement of the Longyuanba Indosinian two-mica granites is 5.9 kbar,corresponding to^19 km in depth,suggesting that the Indosinian granitic magmas were probably generated by partial melting of a thickened crust root in a compressional tectonic setting.展开更多
文摘The association of scyphomedusae with invertebrates has been long known in the literature; especially with hyperiids amphipods. The association of echinoderms with jellyfish is not common and rarely recorded. We reported the association of the ophiuroid Ophiocnemis marnmrata with the rhizostome scyphomedusa Rhopilema hispidum collected in Vellar estuary （on the southeast coast of India）. O. marmorata is supposed to be a filter feeding ophiuroid, quite common in soft bottom of shallow waters. The brittle stars possibly seek for food supply, shelter and protection through the association.
文摘AIM： To evaluate a low cost Indian recombinant hepatitis B vaccine GeneVac-B for its immunogenicity and safety in comparison to Engerix B and Shanvac B vaccine in high risk newborn infants born to （hepatitis B surface antigen） HBsAg positive mothers.METHODS： A total of 158 infants were enrolled in the study. Fifty eight infants were enrolled in the GeneVac-B group while 50 each were included for Engerix B and Shanvac B groups. A three-dose regimen of vaccination; at birth （within 24 h of birth）, 1st mo and 6 too. were adopted with 10 μg dosage administered uniformly in all the three groups. Clinical and immunological parameters were assessed for safety and immunogenicity of the vaccines, in all the enrolled infants.RESULTS： Successful follow up until seven months of age was achieved in 83% （48/58） for GeneVac-B, 76% （38/50） and 64% （32/50） for Engerix B and Shanvac B groups respectively. 100% seroconversion and seroprotection was achieved in all the three groups of infants. The geometric mean titers of anti-HBs one month after the completion of three dose of vaccination were 90.5, 80.9 and 72.5 mTU/mL in GeneVac-B, Engerix B and Shanvac B vaccine group respectively. Furthermore the level of anti-HBs increases with age of babies who were born to HBsAg positive mothers. The GMT values of anti-HBs were 226.7, 193.9 and 173.6 mIU/mL respectively in GeneVac-B, Engerix B and Shanvac B groups one year after the completion of the three doses of vaccine. No systemic reactions were reported in infants during the entire vaccination process of GeneVac-B and the other two vaccines. Clinical safety parameters remained within the normal limits throughout the study period.CONCLUSION： The study concludes that there is no significant difference between the three recombinant hepatitis B vaccines. Administration of these vaccines within 24 h of birth to babies, born to HBsAg positive mothers will reduce the incidence of HBV infection.
文摘The global burden caused by dengue has increased dramatically in recent decades. Dengue Fever and its severe clinical manifestation, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever and Dengue Shock Syndrome, have become international public health problem endemic in more than 100 countries, risking 2.5 to 3 billion world populations in tropical and subtropical region. Envelope （E） protein of dengue virus has been proposed as the most important antigen that enables it as vaccine candidate or diagnostic materials. Recombinant protein E production is desirable for dengue vaccine and diagnostic development, especially in Indonesia, where dengue is epidemic. Cloning E gene in an expression vector is essential as an initial method to produce dengue E antigens. The purpose of this research was to clone E gene of dengue virus type 3 （Indonesia D3-1703 strain） into Saccharomyces cerevisiae expression vector pYES2/CT. The cloning method used was the in vitro ligation protocol. First, the cDNA from dengue virus type 3 strain （D3-1703） was generated. Then the polymerase chain reaction （PCR） amplification product of E gene cassette from this cDNA was obtained. The E gene cassette was ligated into linearized pYES2/CT resulting a recombinant vector named pYES2/CT-E. The cloned E gene was verified by restriction enzyme digestion and PCR. Sequencing analysis at its 5＇ end showed that the E gene was inserted at the right open reading frame. In conclusion, the results showed that for the first time the E gene originated from an Indonesian dengue virus type 3 strain was successfully cloned within the yeast expression vector pYES2/CT. In the future, this clone could be expressed and provided as materials for dengue vaccine and diagnostic kit, specific for Indonesian dengue virus strain.
文摘Rhinoceroses are among the most endangered mammals in the world. Despite a recent increase in numbers in most wild populations, poaching or political instability may exterminate large populations very quickly. Therefore, captive or ex situ rhinoceros populations can play an important role in their conservation. Previous studies identified infant mortality and interbirth intervals among the main parameters affecting the viability and survival of rhinoceros populations. In our study, we tested the recently suggested prediction that in captive Indian rhinoceros Rhinoceros unicornis, longer interbirth intervals may result in higher infant mortality. We also examined the factors that are the main pre- dictors of infant mortality and interbith intervals using the studbook data on Indian rhinoceros born in zoos worldwide as well as data from Dudhwa National Park, India, where rhinoceroses were success- fully reintroduced. We found no association between interbirth intervals and infant mortality. In both populations, the main predictor of infant mortality was mother＇s parity, with higher mortality in calves born to primiparous mothers. In addition, we found that the interbirth intervals were shorter in zoos than in Dudhwa and that they increased with increase in age of the mother, which was the only factor affecting interbirth interval in both populations. Our results show that the same factors affect both parameters in both populations and thus illustrate that the reproduction and infant survival of Indian rhinoceros in zoos reflect the natural pattern. Furthermore, we suggest that in captivity, the interbirth intervals could be slightly prolonged to approach the situation in the wild.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.KZCX1-YW-15-2&GIGCAS-135-Y234151001)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41173039 and 40973025)
文摘Emplacement P-T condition estimations using granites are important for understanding metamorphic and erosional processes of orogenic belt.Granites are widespread in South China and a majority of them are peraluminous.Particularly,over 91%of the Indosinian granites exposed in the region are peraluminous in composition.It is extremely hard to determine the pressure of intrusion of these peraluminous granites due to the absence of amphibole,a good mineral barometer commonly identified in metaluminous granites.Muscovite is a common mineral in peraluminous granites,certain kind of it could be used as a mineral barometer to constrain the emplacement pressure of peraluminous granites.In this paper,results of petrographic and geochemical studies of muscovites from the Indosinian and early Yanshanian two-mica granites at the Longyuanba in the eastern Nanling Range are reported.Based on petrographic studies,the primary muscovite can be discriminated from the secondary muscovites.Muscovites from the Indosinian two-mica granites are enriched in Ti,Al,Mg,and Na,and depleted in Fe and Mn.Geochemically,these muscovites were considered as primary,whereas those from the Yanshanian two-mica granites fall into the area of secondary muscovite on discrimination diagrams.Barometer estimations show that pressures calculated for primary muscovites are accurate,but those calculated for secondary muscovites are overestimated.The average pressure of emplacement of the Longyuanba Indosinian two-mica granites is 5.9 kbar,corresponding to^19 km in depth,suggesting that the Indosinian granitic magmas were probably generated by partial melting of a thickened crust root in a compressional tectonic setting.
