Northeast India has a good deposit of sub-bituminous tertiary coal. The northeast Indian coals have unusual physico-chemical characteristics such as high sulfur, volatile matter and vitrinite content, and low ash cont...Northeast India has a good deposit of sub-bituminous tertiary coal. The northeast Indian coals have unusual physico-chemical characteristics such as high sulfur, volatile matter and vitrinite content, and low ash content. In addition, many environmental sensitive organic and mineral bound elements such as Fe, Mg, Bi, AI, V, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Mn etc. remain enriched in these coals. Such characteristics are associated with more severe environmental impacts due to mining and its utilization in coal based industries. Environmental challenges include large scale landscape damage, soil erosion, loss of forest ecosystem and wildlife habitat, air, water and soil pollution. Several physical and chemical methods are reported in literature for the removal of mineral matter, total sulfur and different forms of sulfur from high sulfur coal in northeast India. This paper may help different researchers and stakeholders to understand current state of research in the field. Initiatives may be taken towards sustainable use of coal resources by adopting innovative clean technologies and by implementing effective control measures and regulatory policies.展开更多
India is the fifth major soybean growing country in the world. Soybean is a major kharif（monsoon season） oilseed crop grown by the farmers of Madhya Pradesh, the ＇Soy State＇. This golden bean of 21st century is su...India is the fifth major soybean growing country in the world. Soybean is a major kharif（monsoon season） oilseed crop grown by the farmers of Madhya Pradesh, the ＇Soy State＇. This golden bean of 21st century is successfully being grown by the farmers of this ＂Soy State＂ since its resurrection in India during late sixties. This venture not only revolutionized the socio-economic status of soybean farmers but also provided them with an apt cropping： system of soybean-wheat/chickpea as soybean occupied monsoon fallows in initial years of its establishment. Presently, the crop covers more than 9.67 million hectares in India with major contribution from the states of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. The likely production from this area during 2009-2010 is 9.72 million tones. The concerted technological back up support from the Research and Development system （ICAW AICRPS/SAUs） along with State owned extension agencies and private sector has been instrumental in narrowing the yield gap II of soybean from above 1000 kg/ha in 1970 to 390 kg/ha by 2008. Mitigating the loss in productivity by refining the existing management practices to deal with the biotic and abiotie stresses and to take the technology so developed effectively to farmers by the extension agencies constitute a priority to boost up the production of this crop. An investigation to identify the felt needs and problems of soybean growers of Madhya Pradesh was carried out in order to formulate the technological interventions to increase the national productivity which is hovering around 1000 kg/ha since last few years. The data were collected employing pre-designed questionnaire as well as interview schedule which were administered on the respondents at two different stages. The study brought out that non-availability of quality seed of improved varieties of soybean is the major problem experienced by the farmers. The problems associated with management of insect-pests and disease complex followed the suit. Among the pests, girdle beetle, tobacco caterpillar and the green semilooper were found to be more responsible for the yield erosion in farmers＇ field. Resorting to imbalanced fertilization and timely unavailability of needed fertilizers ranked third while the delayed and erratic monsoon causing moisture stress, poor infrastructural facilities including lacunae in input supply system are observed to be the major problems identified in this study.展开更多
This paper obtains some stability results for parametric generalized set-valued weak vector equilibrium problem. Under new assumptions, which do not contain any information about solution mappings, the authors establi...This paper obtains some stability results for parametric generalized set-valued weak vector equilibrium problem. Under new assumptions, which do not contain any information about solution mappings, the authors establish the continuity of the solution mapping to a parametric generalized set-valued weak vector equilibrium problem without monotonicity. These results extend and improve some results in the literature. Some examples are given to illustrate the results.展开更多
文摘Northeast India has a good deposit of sub-bituminous tertiary coal. The northeast Indian coals have unusual physico-chemical characteristics such as high sulfur, volatile matter and vitrinite content, and low ash content. In addition, many environmental sensitive organic and mineral bound elements such as Fe, Mg, Bi, AI, V, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Mn etc. remain enriched in these coals. Such characteristics are associated with more severe environmental impacts due to mining and its utilization in coal based industries. Environmental challenges include large scale landscape damage, soil erosion, loss of forest ecosystem and wildlife habitat, air, water and soil pollution. Several physical and chemical methods are reported in literature for the removal of mineral matter, total sulfur and different forms of sulfur from high sulfur coal in northeast India. This paper may help different researchers and stakeholders to understand current state of research in the field. Initiatives may be taken towards sustainable use of coal resources by adopting innovative clean technologies and by implementing effective control measures and regulatory policies.
文摘India is the fifth major soybean growing country in the world. Soybean is a major kharif（monsoon season） oilseed crop grown by the farmers of Madhya Pradesh, the ＇Soy State＇. This golden bean of 21st century is successfully being grown by the farmers of this ＂Soy State＂ since its resurrection in India during late sixties. This venture not only revolutionized the socio-economic status of soybean farmers but also provided them with an apt cropping： system of soybean-wheat/chickpea as soybean occupied monsoon fallows in initial years of its establishment. Presently, the crop covers more than 9.67 million hectares in India with major contribution from the states of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. The likely production from this area during 2009-2010 is 9.72 million tones. The concerted technological back up support from the Research and Development system （ICAW AICRPS/SAUs） along with State owned extension agencies and private sector has been instrumental in narrowing the yield gap II of soybean from above 1000 kg/ha in 1970 to 390 kg/ha by 2008. Mitigating the loss in productivity by refining the existing management practices to deal with the biotic and abiotie stresses and to take the technology so developed effectively to farmers by the extension agencies constitute a priority to boost up the production of this crop. An investigation to identify the felt needs and problems of soybean growers of Madhya Pradesh was carried out in order to formulate the technological interventions to increase the national productivity which is hovering around 1000 kg/ha since last few years. The data were collected employing pre-designed questionnaire as well as interview schedule which were administered on the respondents at two different stages. The study brought out that non-availability of quality seed of improved varieties of soybean is the major problem experienced by the farmers. The problems associated with management of insect-pests and disease complex followed the suit. Among the pests, girdle beetle, tobacco caterpillar and the green semilooper were found to be more responsible for the yield erosion in farmers＇ field. Resorting to imbalanced fertilization and timely unavailability of needed fertilizers ranked third while the delayed and erratic monsoon causing moisture stress, poor infrastructural facilities including lacunae in input supply system are observed to be the major problems identified in this study.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.11301571,11431004the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing under Grant No.cstc2014pt-sy00001+2 种基金the Basic and Advanced Research Project of Chongqing under Grant No.cstc2015jcyjA00025the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project under Grant Nos.2016T90837,2015M580774the Program for University Innovation Team of Chongqing under Grant No.CXTDX201601022
文摘This paper obtains some stability results for parametric generalized set-valued weak vector equilibrium problem. Under new assumptions, which do not contain any information about solution mappings, the authors establish the continuity of the solution mapping to a parametric generalized set-valued weak vector equilibrium problem without monotonicity. These results extend and improve some results in the literature. Some examples are given to illustrate the results.
