制作优美印章

1、用艺术字编辑印章文字 单击“常用工具栏”上的“绘图“按钮,弹出”绘图”工具栏,按其中的”插入艺术字”按钮。在”艺术字库”对话框中选择圆弧形样式,

Temporal Variations in Carbon Stock of Pinus roxburghii Sargent Forests of Himachal Pradesh,India

The present study was conducted in Solan Forest Division of Himachal Pradesh covering an area of about 57,158 ha. The aim was to estimate and assess the temporal change in carbon stock of the Chil Working Circle, in two forest ranges of the Division, Solan and Dharampur, over the period of 1956-2011. The inventory data of the working plans of Solan Forest Division from 1956-1957, 1984-1985 and 2002-2003 were used in the present study while field data for biomass estimation was collected for the year 2011.The results showed a declining trend in carbon stock over 1956-1984 period, however, an increasing trend over 1984-2002 was observed, which showed a further increase for the period 2002-2011. These fluctuating trends in the forest carbon stock can be related to increasing anthropogenic pressure on forests and the subsequent introduction of a ban on green felling envisaging efficient forest management, both of which affect the forest carbon pool significantly.

Spatial Variability of Mass Movements in the Satluj Valley,Himachal Pradesh during 1990～2006

Satluj Valley is known to have a history of landslides and related mass movement activities since the geological times. Geological and geomorphological settings combined with anthropogenic activities constitute a propensity towards slope failure. During the last two decades,the area witnessed substantial increase in athropogenic pressure,mainly due to the exploitation of hydropower potential,changing landuse pattern and population growth. In addition,a shift of the climatic patterns in the form of larger area falling under the influence of rains was observed. These natural as well as anthropogenic changes in the area have resulted in increased spatial coverage of landslide in the area. This paper documents these changes during 1990～2006.

Indirect 3D printed ceramic:A literature review

Additive manufacturing(AM),also known as 3D-printing(3DP)technology,is an advanced manufacturing technology that has developed rapidly in the past 40 years.However,the ceramic material printing is still challenging because of the issue of cracking.Indirect 3D printing has been designed and drawn attention because of its high manufacturing speed and low cost.Indirect 3D printing separates the one-step forming process of direct 3D printing into binding and material sintering,avoiding the internal stress caused by rapid cooling,making it possible to realize the highquality ceramic component with complex shape.This paper presents the research progress of leading indirect 3D printing technologies,including binder jetting(BJ),stereolithography(SLA),and fused deposition modeling(FDM).At present,the additive manufacturing of ceramic materials is mainly achieved through indirect 3D printing technology,and these materials include silicon nitride,hydroxyapatite functional ceramics,silicon carbide structural ceramics.

Digital Watermark-based Security Technology for Geo-spatial Graphics Data

The paper presents a set of techniques of digital watermarking by which copyright and user rights messages are hidden into geo-spatial graphics data,as well as techniques of compressing and encrypting the watermarked geo-spatial graphics data.The technology aims at tracing and resisting the illegal distribution and duplication of the geo-spatial graphics data product,so as to effectively protect the data producer＇s rights as well as to facilitate the secure sharing of geo-spatial graphics data.So far in the CIS field throughout the world,few researches have been made on digital watermarking.The research is a novel exploration both in the field of security management of geo-spatial graphics data and in the applications of digital watermarking technique.An application software employing the proposed technology has been developed.A number of experimental tests on the 1：500,000 digital bathymetric chart of the South China Sea and 1：10,000 digital topographic map of Jiangsu Province have been conducted to verify the feasibility of the proposed technology.

Inhibition of Fish Nodavirus by Gymnemagenol Extracted from Gymnema sylvestre

Viral nervous necrosis(VNN)has emerged to become a major problem in the culture of larval and juvenile marine fish worldwide.Bioactive phytochemicals isolated from commonly available medicinal plants are often screened for their efficacy in controlling fish viral diseases.Occurrence of newer viral strains and resistance to existing antiviral drugs are problems currently as-sociated with treatment of VNN,which necessitates looking for alternate sources for effective antiviral drugs.The aim of the present study was to screen antiviral potential of gymnemagenol(C30H50O4)previously extracted from leaves of Gymnema sylvestre.The fish nodavirus,grouper nervous necrosis virus(GNNV)in infected Sahul Indian Grouper Eye(SIGE)cell lines were used to study the antiviral activity of gymnemagenol under in vitro conditions.The susceptibility of the virus to gymnemagenol was confirmed by measuring the viral titre(TCID50 mL?1)in virus-infected SIGE cells every 24 h.Gymnemagenol at 20 μg mL?1 inhibited the prolifera-tion of GNNV to 53% at the end of the 6th d by inhibiting the proliferation of GNNV-infected SIGE cells.The viable SIGE cells were reduced to 47% as determined by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay.The viral titre(TCID50 mL?1)was also reduced to log 2.8 at the end of the 7th d in gymnemagenol-treated SIGE cells after inoculated with GNNV when compared to untreated control SIGE cell viral titre(log 4.1).Based on our results it can be concluded that gymnemagenol could be used as an antiviral agent against GNNV infection.

Color control of the multi-color printing device

Conventional color-printing systems often use inks of three hues, such as CMY, CMYK and CMYKLcLm, but in order to obtain more realistic color reproductions, the ink set of more than three hues has been adopted by some color-printing systems. It is difficult, however, to model the composed color with the multiple inks when the number of the output ink hues exceeds three due to the none-unique mapping between the color spaces of the CIE Lab and the multi-color printing device. In this paper, we propose a fine color-printing method for multi-color printing device with the ink set of more than three hues. The proposed approach has good color expression ability and provides fine control of the printed color. By dividing the output color space into several subspaces, our method allows one-to-one mapping between the standard color space and the multi-color output color space. It has been proved effective when applied to the digital inkjet printer—Mutoh8000.

3D parallel inversion of time-domain airborne EM data

To improve the inversion accuracy of time-domain airborne electromagnetic data, we propose a parallel 3D inversion algorithm for airborne EM data based on the direct Gauss-Newton optimization. Forward modeling is performed in the frequency domain based on the scattered secondary electrical field. Then, the inverse Fourier transform and convolution of the transmitting waveform are used to calculate the EM responses and the sensitivity matrix in the time domain for arbitrary transmitting waves. To optimize the computational time and memory requirements, we use the EM ＂footprint＂ concept to reduce the model size and obtain the sparse sensitivity matrix. To improve the 3D inversion, we use the OpenMP library and parallel computing. We test the proposed 3D parallel inversion code using two synthetic datasets and a field dataset. The time-domain airborne EM inversion results suggest that the proposed algorithm is effective, efficient, and practical.

Recovery of Gold, Silver, Copper and Niobium from Printed Circuit Boards Using Leaching Column Technique

Nowadays, over 300 tons of Au are used in electronic equipment each year with other precious and strategic metals such as Ag, Pt, Pd, Cu, Nb, Ta, etc.. After the use-phase, the electronic devices become electronic waste （e-waste）; consequently it is important to consider e-waste as a secondary supply for the recovery of these metals. This paper presents the recovery ofAu, Ag, Cu and Nb from PCBs （printed circuit boards） of discarded computers using leaching column technique. The PCBs were crushed with a hammer mill until reaching a particle size between 3.33 mm to 0.43 mm, Then, it was leached with a sodium cyanide solution in a glass column using the following conditions： sodium cyanide concentration 4 g/L, flux 20 L/d kg PCBs day, pH between 10.5 to 11 and leaching time 15 days. Every day, after leaching, the pregnant solutions passed through a column with activated carbon to complete the closed loop system. The following recoveries were obtained： Au 46.6%, Ag 51.3%, Nb 47.2% and Cu 62.3%. A preliminary technical-economic study shows the feasibility to create a small-scale PCBs recycling plant. The initial investment is on the order of USS155,639, considering the recovered metals from the loaded carbon. The internal rate of return for a 10 years period IRR （internal rate of return） and NPV （net present value） estimated are 27% and US$105,926 respectively.

Microscopic Halftone Image Segmentation

Microscopic halftone image recognition and analysis can provide quantitative evidence for printing quality control and fault diagnosis of printing devices, while halftone image segmentation is one of the significant steps during the procedure. Automatic segmentation on microscopic dots by the aid of the Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) method that takes account of the fuzziness of halftone image and utilizes its color information adequately is realized. Then some examples show the technique effective and simple with better performance of noise immunity than some usual methods. In addition, the segmentation results obtained by the FCM in different color spaces are compared, which indicates that the method using the FCM in the f 1f 2f 3 color space is superior to the rest.

Generalized Variational Inequalities and Wiener-Hopf Equations in Hilbert Spaces

In this paper,we consider the solvability of generalized variational inequalities involving multi-valued relaxed monotone operators in the framework of Hilbert spaces.Our results mainly improve the corresponding results announced by Verma[R U Verma,Generalized variational inequalities involving multivalued relaxed monotone operators,Appl Math Lett,1997,10：107-109]and many others.

In vitro Axillary Bud Multiplication of Citrus Nobilis Lour. in Indonesia

This research aimed to get the best composition ofcytokinin （BAP） and auxin （NAA） concentration on in vitro axillary bud multiplication of Tawangmangu orange （Citrus nobilis Lour.）. The research was conducted in Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Laboratory of Agriculture Faculty, Sebelas Maret University Surakarta from February 2008 to September 2008, used factorial design with two factors based on Completely Random Design. The first factor was BAP concentration consisting of five levels： 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 ppm and the second factor was NAA concentration consisting of five levels： 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 ppm. So there were 25 combination treatments, each of them was repeated for three times. The result observation data of shoot initiation time and number of shoot were analyzed with analysis of variance and if significant continued with Duncan＇s Multiple Range Test at 5% level. Data of shoot color and amount of leaves were analyzed descriptively. The result showed that there was interaction between BAP and NAA on shoot initiation time. Combination of 0.5 ppm BAP and 1.5 ppm NAA was able to accelerate the shoot initiation time and produced the largest number of leaves that was eight leaves. BAP was able to increase the number of shoots. Average largest amount of shoot on 0.5 ppm BAP treatment was 3.93 shoots/explant. The dominant color of leaves was light green.

Satellite derived upper ocean thermal structure and its application to tropical cyclone intensity forecasting in the Indian Ocean

Upper ocean heat content is a factor critical to the intensity change of tropical cyclones(TCs). Because of the inhomogeneity of in situ observations in the North Indian Ocean,gridded temperature/salinity(T/S) profiles were derived from satellite data for 1993–2012 using a linear regression method. The satellite derived T/S dataset covered the region of 10°S–32°N,25°–100°E with daily temporal resolution,0.25°×0.25° spatial resolution,and 26 vertical layers from the sea surface to a depth of 1 000 m at standard layers. Independent Global Temperature Salinity Profile Project data were used to validate the satellite derived T/S fields. The analysis confirmed that the satellite derived temperature field represented the characteristics and vertical structure of the temperature field well. The results demonstrated that the vertically averaged root mean square error of the temperature was 0.83 in the upper 1 000 m and the corresponding correlation coefficient was 0.87,which accounted for 76% of the observed variance. After verification of the satellite derived T/S dataset,the TC heat potential(TCHP) was verified. The results show that the satellite derived values were coherent with observed TCHP data with a correlation coefficient of 0.86 and statistical significance at the 99% confidence level. The intensity change of TC Gonu during a period of rapid intensification was studied using satellite derived TCHP data. A delayed effect of the TCHP was found in relation to the intensity change of Gonu,suggesting a lag feature in the response of the inner core of the TC to the ocean.

Spatial Distribution of Sound Channel and Its Parameters in North Indian Ocean

The Present work reports the variability of the derived sound channel and its parameters （surface sound velocity, conjugate depth, SLD （Sonic Layer depth） and SOFAR（Sound Fixing and Ranging） depth） has been presented over the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea. We use World Ocean Atlas Annual data （2013） on temperature; salinity of North Indian Ocean （0°-25°N; 50°-95°E） and its bathymetry have been utilized for the present computation. The depth of the sound channel axis increases towards the northern latitudes in the Arabian Sea, while it decreases in the Bay of Bengal. Coming to the conjugate depth, it shows variation from 120-400 m in the Bay of Bengal and 50-320 m in the Arabian Sea. The range of SLD is varying between 20-40 m in the Bay of Bengal and 10-30 m in the Arabian Sea. The Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea have depth limited nature of the profile, i.e. surface sound speed exceeds the near bottom values. This has an important implication in the sound propagation in the SOFAR channel. Anticipated acoustic rays in an ocean with depth limited profile will propagate as surface refracted, bottom reflected （RBR） rays. As a result, the effective sound channel lies much below the sea surface.

Removal of reactive bright-red X-3B in water by Ti/13X molecular sieves

The compound materials （shorted by Ti/13X） of doping of TiO2 into 13X molecular sieves has-been achieved by methods namely impregnation. Technical parameters of preparation for Ti/13X were determined by removal efficiency of simulation dyeing wastewater containing reactive bright-red X-3B （shorted by X-3B）. In various preparation parameters, the influence of Ti loaded on 13X molecular sieves on X-3B removal efficiency is most important. The optimum condition for volume of TiCI4 loaded on 13X molecular sieves is 8 ml at 95.9%, produced sample referred as M8. M8 was characterized using X-Ray Diffraction （XRD）, Scanning Electron Microscope （SEM）. XRD patterns of M8 revealed the incorporation of titanium into framework of 13X molecular sieves, due to the presence ofTiO2 anatase phase. SEM image showed that M8 has a large number of wormhole-like channels, in comparison with that of 13X molecular sieves. The photocatalytic tests were carried out for degradation of X-3B. The results showed that the dosage of Ti/13X, reaction time, pH, and concentration of X-3B influence the X-3B removal efficiency. The optimum conditions of photodegradation as the following： MS/X-3B ratio, Conc. is 0.3 g/l, reaction time is 120 rain, pH is 2-6. The photodegradation reaction of Ti/13X with X-3B followed first order kinetics. The rate constants and t1/2 for M8 sample at 0.3 g/l M8/ X-3B solution ratio were 430 min^-1 and 16 min, respectively.

A Study of Burial Patterns and Symbolism With Reference to Harappan Sites in India

Since time and beyond, when humans first developed the understanding of staying in communities, a sense of affection and adoration grew towards fellow beings. The law of nature of the cycle of life gave rise to the belief in life after death and a sense of intimidation for the same, gave way to supernatural beliefs. Such beliefs gave rise to multifarious customary activities. A study to understand them on the basis of symbolism has paved the way for simplification of the complex rituals, and hence, perceive the prevalent socio-cultural aspects of those times.

Metamorphosis of Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 cells

Magnetospirillum magneticum strain AMB-1 belongs to the family of magnetotactic bacteria. It possesses a magnetosome chain aligning, with the assistance of cytoskeleton filaments MamK, along the long axis of the spiral cells. Most fresh M. magneticum AMB-1 cells exhibit spiral morphology. In addition, other cell shapes such as curved and spherical were also observed in this organism. Interestingly, the spherical cell shape increased steadily with prolonged incubation time. As the actin-like cytoskeleton protein MreB is involved in maintenance of cell shapes in rod-shaped bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, the correlation between MreB protein levels and cell shape was investigated in this study. Immunoblotting analysis showed that the quantity of MreB decreased when the cell shape changed along with incubation time. As an internal control, the quantity of MamA was not obviously changed under the same conditions. Cell shape directs cell-wall synthesis during growth and division. MreB is required for maintaining the cell shape. Thus, MreB might play an essential role in maintaining the spiral shape of M. magneticum AMB-1 cells.

Grinding analysis of Indian coal using response surface methodology

The present work discusses a systematic approach to model grinding parameters of coal in a ball mill. A three level Box-Behnken design combined with response surface methodology using second order model was applied to the experiments done according to the model requirement. Three parameters ball charge （numbers 10-20）, coal content （100-200 g） and the grinding time （4-8 rain） were chosen for the experiments as well as for the modeling work. Coal fineness is defined as the dso （80 % passing size）. A quadratic model was developed to show the effect of parameters and their interaction with fineness of the product. Three different sizes （4, 1 and 0.65 mm） of Indian coal were used. The model equations for each fraction were developed and different sets of experiments were performed. The predicted values of the fineness of coal were in good agreement with the experimental results （R2 values of dso varies between 0.97 and 0.99）. Fine size of three different coal sizes were obtained with larger ball charge with less grinding time and less solid content. This work represents the efficient use of response surface methodology and the Box-Behnken design use for grinding of Indian coal.

Temporal and spatial profiling of nuclei-associated proteins upon TNF-α/NF-kB signaling

The tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α/NF-kB-signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in various processes including apoptosis, cellular differentiation, host defense, inflammation, autoimmunity and organogenesis. The complexity of the TNF-α/NF-kB signaling is in part due to the dynamic protein behaviors of key players in this pathway. In this present work, a dynamic and global view of the signaling components in the nucleus at the early stages of TNF-a/ NF-KB signaling was obtained in HEK293 cells, by a combination of subcellular fractionation and stable isotope la- beling by amino acids in cell culture （SILAC）. The dynamic profile patterns of 547 TNF-α-induced nuclei-associated proteins were quantified in our studies. The functional characters of all the profiles were further analyzed using that Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway annotation. Additionally, many previously unknown effectors of TNF-α/NF-kB signaling were identified, quantified and clustered into differential activation profiles. In- terestingly, levels of Fanconi anemia group D2 protein （FANCD2）, one of the Fanconi anemia family proteins, was found to be increased in the nucleus by SILAC quantitation upon TNF-α stimulation, which was further verified by western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis. This indicates that FANCD2 might be involved in TNF-α/NF-kB signaling through its accumulation in the nucleus. In summary, the combination of subcellular proteomics with quan- titative analysis not only allowed for a dissection of the nuclear TNF-α/NF-kB-signaling pathway, but also provided a systematic strategy for monitoring temporal and spatial changes in cell signaling.

The Role of the Aerosol Indirect Effect in the Northern Indian Ocean Warming Simulated by CMIP5 Models

The northern Indian Ocean （NIO） experienced a decadal-scale persistent warming from 1950 to 2000, which has influenced both regional and global climate. Because the NIO is a region susceptible to aerosols emis- sion changes, and there are still large uncertainties in the representation of the aerosol indirect effect （ALE） in CMIP5 （Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5） models, it is necessary to investigate the role of the AIE in the NIO warming simulated by these models. In this study, the authors select seven CMIP5 models with both the aerosol direct and indirect effects to investigate their performance in simulating the basin-wide decadal-scale NIO warming. The results show that the decreasing trend of the downwelling shortwave flux （FSDS） at the surface has the major damping effect on the SST increasing trend, which counteracts the warming effect of greenhouse gases （GHGs）. The FSDS decreasing trend is mostly contrib- uted by the decreasing trend of cloudy-sky surface downwelling shortwave flux （FSDSCL）, a metric used to measure the strength of the AIE, and partly by the clear-sky surface downwelling shortwave flux （FSDSC）. Models with a relatively weaker AIE can simulate well the SST increasing trend, as compared to observation. In contrast, models with a relatively stronger AIE produce a much smaller magnitude of the increasing trend, indicat- ing that the strength of the AIE in these models may be overestimated in the NIO.