梢斑螟属昆虫物种、危害植物及组织概况与探讨

通过介绍梢斑螟属昆虫物种数、寄主植物与危害组织概况,结果表明:梢斑螟属昆虫拉丁名物种98种;23个拉丁学名同种异名,21个拉丁学名属内同种异名,2物种为属间同种异名;寄主植物已知梢斑螟属昆虫59物种,主要危害松属(Pinus)、云杉属(Picea)、冷杉属(Abies)、铁杉属(Tsuga)、黄杉属(Pseudotsuga)、刺柏属(Juniperus)、落叶松属(Larix)、落羽杉属(Taxodium)等8属针叶树种;58种取食组织明确,优势取食组织物种数依次为球果>嫩枝>芽=干>溃疡>形成层>针叶=锈腐病处>愈伤组织。人类对该属昆虫某些种类已成功控制。本文提出了防治该属昆虫的措施。

领导脱轨研究述评及应对策略试探

领导脱轨是指领导者的职业能力与职业要求逐渐不匹配,工作结果低于组织预期并最终以职业停滞、降职或被解雇等形式表现出来的领导者行为。领导脱轨不仅严重影响领导者自身的发展,也会造成组织和团队的损失。预防和缓解组织中的领导脱轨,组织方面需要保证良好的制度设计,为领导者提供顾问或咨询,并给予他们一定的过渡期或试用期,配备适当的下属;领导者方面则需要学会采用一些自助的策略,增强自身的应对能力。

Effects of long-term treatment with candesartan on organ damages in sinoaortic denervated rats

The study was designed to observe the effects of long term treatment with candesartan cilexetil (candesartan) on blood pressure (BP), blood pressure variability (BPV), baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and end organ damage (EOD) in sinoaortic denervated (SAD) rats. Candesartan was mixed in rat chow at an estimated dose of 3 mg/(kg·day). After 12 weeks of drug administration, rats were instrumented to determine BP, BPV and BRS in conscious state. Organ damage was estimated by observation of morphologic changes. When compared with sham operated rats, SAD rats exhibited increased BPV, decreased BRS, and normal BP and plasma angiotensin Ⅱ level. Left ventricular and aortic hypertrophies and renal lesion were found in SAD rats. Candesartan significantly decreased BP and BPV, ameliorated impaired BRS, increased plasma angiotensin Ⅱ level and obviously diminished the EOD in SAD rats. Multiple regression analysis shows that decrease in left ventricular hypertrophy was mainly related to decrease in systolic BPV. Decrease in aortic hypertrophy was mainly determined by increase in BRS and decrease in systolic BP. Amelioration in renal lesion was predicted by increase in BRS and decrease in systolic BPV. BRS was the most important determinant for renal lesion and aortic hypertrophy in SAD rats. In addition, plasma angiotensin Ⅱ level was higher in candesartan treated rats. In conclusion, long term treatment with candesartan prevented SAD induced organ damage. Restoration of arterial baroreflex function, decrease in BPV, and blockade of activated renin angiotensin system may contribute to the organ protective action of candesartan in SAD rats.

蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸酶1B与2型糖尿病的相关性研究进展

糖尿病（diabetes mellitus）是由于胰腺分泌胰岛素不足或机体不能有效利用胰岛素而导致高血糖的一种慢性疾病，久病可对全身多系统产生严重危害，尤其对神经系统和血管组织危害最大。糖尿病中90％为2型糖尿病（type 2 diabetes mellitus，T2DM），T2DM与过度肥胖和静止的生活方式密切相关。