危机管理中非政府组织“参与失灵”及其矫正

由于志愿失灵、社会资本的负外部性、管理型社会治理模式的失效以及集体行动的困境等因素,我国非政府组织在参与危机管理中存在着"参与失灵"现象,表现为无法参与、参与失效、参与绩效评价不高等。矫正危机管理中非政府组织参与失灵必须与改造我国危机管理体系相结合,注重加强非政府组织自身建设,建设服务型政府,构建危机合作参与机制,推进我国危机管理体系的升级和优化。

政府应急知识协同的供需匹配模式及其实现逻辑

[研究目的]建立应急知识供需匹配的分析模型,从而解析政府应急知识协同的“生产困难-任务紧迫-组织僵化”结构性难题,为政府应急管理的知识协同工作提供理论支持。[研究方法]研究分析了政府应急知识协同的内涵、特征与难点,并建立知识供需匹配的“任务-知识-组织”框架,最终建构并解析了政府应急知识供需匹配的过程模型。[研究结论]研究表明,在应急任务的需求牵引下,可以通过应急组织的形成、运转、演化,实现跨部门知识协同活动的构建、运作与终结,从而充分发挥应急知识的效能。

资源型国家石油公司发展近况

资源型国家石油公司(NOC)是指所属国石油产量大于消费量的NOC,其资源优势非常明显。近年来,资源型NOC加强对本国油气资源的控制力,大力建设上游油气产能,加快发展天然气业务和下游炼油石化业务,同时重视体制和机制改革,加快推进国际化进程,在国际油气合作中的话语权日益增强。金融危机发生以来,主要资源型NOC的原油产量和收入下降,部分资源型NOC出现经营困难,但从投资计划看,这些公司的中长期核心战略没有改变,并采取了延迟项目建设或投产时间、签订长期大额技术服务合同以及通过资本市场或政府间合作获取融资的方式,降低成本,获取发展资金。世界石油工业中NOC与IOC的竞合格局正从上世纪的以资本、技术为主导,向以资源为主导的形态转变,未来资源型NOC在国际油气竞合格局中的主导地位将继续增强。

Experience and Radical Democracy

The economic crisis within the European Union also involves a crisis of democracy. On the one side the austerity-politics of the Troika limits the influence of democratic procedures. On the other side new forms of social protests rise in which social actors struggle for an extension of the democratic public： the resistance against evictions the self-organization of medical care, the occupation of public places etc. realized new forms of social cooperation, discussion and decision-making processes. On this background a reference to John Deweys theory of the democratic public seems to be helpful to reconstruct and to orient these conflicts and the claims raised in them. According to Dewey the normative criteria which we use if we evaluate actions or common institutions are a part of the social process and insofar a process themselves. These criteria have to be reflected and reformulated in new situations in which new social problems and conflicts occur. The democratic public is in this conception the realm in which a common elucidation of problematic social consequences of the existing institutions takes place and in which proposals for the overcoming of these consequences are formulated. Therefore it reconstructs the central norms embedded within the social institutions, it shows how collective actions guided by these norms leads to problematic social consequences. This is then the background for a critical reflection on, and a reformulation of the guiding norms of these institutions. To realize such a form of collective self-determination the democratic public can not be reduced to a separate political sphere, rather it has to be extended to all forms of social cooperation especially the economy.

Collective Bargaining During the Crisis： The Portuguese Case

Following a period of significant development at the end of the 1990s, with economic growth rates greater than those of the European Union, the Portuguese economy stagnated in 2002 and even declined in 2003. The current context of international crisis has just interrupted the fragile growth trend initiated in 2004： In fact, real GDP, which increased by 1.9 percent in 2007, had a growth rate of zero in 2008 and declined by 2.9 percent in 2009. The crisis has abruptly increased the closure of companies and unemployment jumped from 7.3% in the second haft of 2008 to 10.1% in the forth quarter of 2009. Notwithstanding, social dialog was resilient to this situation of economic crisis, as shown by the number of collective agreements negotiated by the social partners, the number of workers covered by collective agreements and the observed increase in real wages. Additionally, social partners have agreed on a reform of the Labour Code. Are this data enough evidence of social concentration on crisis management？ This paper will analyze this issue, giving particular attention to collective bargaining in Portugal and the crisis impact on the industrial relations system and their actors

亚太新兴经济体资本流动与资本管制政策的新动向——兼论对APEC金融合作的启示

2008年全球金融危机后,亚太地区资本跨境流动发生了较大的变化,无序与大规模的资本流动对本地区新兴经济体的经济增长与金融稳定造成了冲击,亚太新兴经济体在短期内加强了资本管制措施。从长期看,亚太地区国家应从跨境资本流动的监管、完善共同外汇储备库和加强宏观经济政策协调三个方面进行合作,并使之成为未来APEC金融合作的重点之一。

“大安全大应急”格局下基层应急管理机制融合的实践探索——以山东省东营市垦利区为例

基层应急管理机制融合作为保障基层应急管理体系高效运行的关键环节,深度契合“大安全大应急”框架的战略需求。本文立足“大安全大应急”格局,结合危机合作理论,以山东省东营市垦利区为例,剖析了基层应急管理常用的责任清单机制、联合检查机制、应急联动机制和应急流程标准化机制,提炼出重塑应急沟通体系、重新组织应急目标、重建全民动员体系等机制融合的三重逻辑。基层应急管理机制的进一步融合仍然面临资源分布与调配协调性不佳、工作创新能力及主动性不足、专业区隔明显以及技术支持不足等挑战。