The current economical crisis pointed out the gaps and the weak development of the Romanian economical system. If we were to compare the economy of a country to the human body then we would realize that constant and m...The current economical crisis pointed out the gaps and the weak development of the Romanian economical system. If we were to compare the economy of a country to the human body then we would realize that constant and massive loss of ＂blood＂ may eventually lead to collapse of the economical system, which require Romania to speed up financial ＂transfusions＂. In these conditions, the most accessible and inexpensive source of funding is the non-repayable funding that Romanian economy can acquire by the year of 2013. In this paper we analyze the evolution of non-repayable funds allocated to Romania, in terms of those funds for the approved projects （their implementation has not yet started） but also in terms of those contracted projects or in the process of running （in fact representing ＂the necessary＂ amount of money that the Romanian economy needs）. The first part of the paper contains an overview of the situation about the requiring and the absorption of non-repayable funding since 2007 （officially since the crisis emerged in the U.S.） to present, also making an analysis of the influence they had on the Romanian economy. We take into account in this analysis that the effects of the crisis in Romania began to be felt in the second half of 2008, economical politics against crisis were not taken into accounted by this date. In this analysis we started from the assumption that one anti-crisis policy, taken into account by public decision members in Romania, is to increase efficiency and absorption of funds by raising the capacity of the Romanian economical environment for the implementation （and not only the winning ） of these funds. The second part of the paper contains an econometrieal development model which highlights the influence of changing the interest rates and exchange rate on the rate of contracting projects during January 2007-March 2010. The Analysis of the results emphasizes the stronger influence of the changing rate on the approved contracting projects compared with the changing influence of the reference interest rate. Following the results of the analysis we highlight the main reasons for which this economical policy of attracting and using outstanding funding represents until now, a failure more than a success. Also we present these several solutions to increase the volume of financial ＂transfusion＂ with a direct impact on the Romanian economy, arguing that such measures cannot be implemented without real political will from decision-makers in Romania.展开更多
The economic crisis within the European Union also involves a crisis of democracy. On the one side the austerity-politics of the Troika limits the influence of democratic procedures. On the other side new forms of soc...The economic crisis within the European Union also involves a crisis of democracy. On the one side the austerity-politics of the Troika limits the influence of democratic procedures. On the other side new forms of social protests rise in which social actors struggle for an extension of the democratic public： the resistance against evictions the self-organization of medical care, the occupation of public places etc. realized new forms of social cooperation, discussion and decision-making processes. On this background a reference to John Deweys theory of the democratic public seems to be helpful to reconstruct and to orient these conflicts and the claims raised in them. According to Dewey the normative criteria which we use if we evaluate actions or common institutions are a part of the social process and insofar a process themselves. These criteria have to be reflected and reformulated in new situations in which new social problems and conflicts occur. The democratic public is in this conception the realm in which a common elucidation of problematic social consequences of the existing institutions takes place and in which proposals for the overcoming of these consequences are formulated. Therefore it reconstructs the central norms embedded within the social institutions, it shows how collective actions guided by these norms leads to problematic social consequences. This is then the background for a critical reflection on, and a reformulation of the guiding norms of these institutions. To realize such a form of collective self-determination the democratic public can not be reduced to a separate political sphere, rather it has to be extended to all forms of social cooperation especially the economy.展开更多
People are witnesses of life imperilling and working background too, as today, even during the evolution. People＇s life interface is disturbed with different shapes of contamination： natural disasters （floods, eart...People are witnesses of life imperilling and working background too, as today, even during the evolution. People＇s life interface is disturbed with different shapes of contamination： natural disasters （floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and the other）; on purpose or accidentally-different shapes like： wars, fires, chemical fates, using of dangerous materials in production processes and everyday life... In these mentioned specific conditions, breathing is imperiled, like the vital function of men＇s life and working interfaces. With the technical-technology progress, it is enclosed the development equipment for protection and safety of the respiratory parts of body, faces and eyes, regard to breathing apparatus. Applying the breathing apparatus, the total protection of the respiratory parts of the body, faces and eyes to aggressive materials, smoke and warmth is enabled. Today in the world there are many producers of breathing apparatus with similar technical-technological solutions, of which should be mentioned the main ones： MSA Auer, Dr/iger and Interspiro. Using of the breathing apparatus in practice, continual performation of different activities without consequences for the health and life of the user is enabled, what firstly depends on the user＇s education, regular using, controlling examination and maintenance/servicing.展开更多
文摘The current economical crisis pointed out the gaps and the weak development of the Romanian economical system. If we were to compare the economy of a country to the human body then we would realize that constant and massive loss of ＂blood＂ may eventually lead to collapse of the economical system, which require Romania to speed up financial ＂transfusions＂. In these conditions, the most accessible and inexpensive source of funding is the non-repayable funding that Romanian economy can acquire by the year of 2013. In this paper we analyze the evolution of non-repayable funds allocated to Romania, in terms of those funds for the approved projects （their implementation has not yet started） but also in terms of those contracted projects or in the process of running （in fact representing ＂the necessary＂ amount of money that the Romanian economy needs）. The first part of the paper contains an overview of the situation about the requiring and the absorption of non-repayable funding since 2007 （officially since the crisis emerged in the U.S.） to present, also making an analysis of the influence they had on the Romanian economy. We take into account in this analysis that the effects of the crisis in Romania began to be felt in the second half of 2008, economical politics against crisis were not taken into accounted by this date. In this analysis we started from the assumption that one anti-crisis policy, taken into account by public decision members in Romania, is to increase efficiency and absorption of funds by raising the capacity of the Romanian economical environment for the implementation （and not only the winning ） of these funds. The second part of the paper contains an econometrieal development model which highlights the influence of changing the interest rates and exchange rate on the rate of contracting projects during January 2007-March 2010. The Analysis of the results emphasizes the stronger influence of the changing rate on the approved contracting projects compared with the changing influence of the reference interest rate. Following the results of the analysis we highlight the main reasons for which this economical policy of attracting and using outstanding funding represents until now, a failure more than a success. Also we present these several solutions to increase the volume of financial ＂transfusion＂ with a direct impact on the Romanian economy, arguing that such measures cannot be implemented without real political will from decision-makers in Romania.
文摘The economic crisis within the European Union also involves a crisis of democracy. On the one side the austerity-politics of the Troika limits the influence of democratic procedures. On the other side new forms of social protests rise in which social actors struggle for an extension of the democratic public： the resistance against evictions the self-organization of medical care, the occupation of public places etc. realized new forms of social cooperation, discussion and decision-making processes. On this background a reference to John Deweys theory of the democratic public seems to be helpful to reconstruct and to orient these conflicts and the claims raised in them. According to Dewey the normative criteria which we use if we evaluate actions or common institutions are a part of the social process and insofar a process themselves. These criteria have to be reflected and reformulated in new situations in which new social problems and conflicts occur. The democratic public is in this conception the realm in which a common elucidation of problematic social consequences of the existing institutions takes place and in which proposals for the overcoming of these consequences are formulated. Therefore it reconstructs the central norms embedded within the social institutions, it shows how collective actions guided by these norms leads to problematic social consequences. This is then the background for a critical reflection on, and a reformulation of the guiding norms of these institutions. To realize such a form of collective self-determination the democratic public can not be reduced to a separate political sphere, rather it has to be extended to all forms of social cooperation especially the economy.
文摘People are witnesses of life imperilling and working background too, as today, even during the evolution. People＇s life interface is disturbed with different shapes of contamination： natural disasters （floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and the other）; on purpose or accidentally-different shapes like： wars, fires, chemical fates, using of dangerous materials in production processes and everyday life... In these mentioned specific conditions, breathing is imperiled, like the vital function of men＇s life and working interfaces. With the technical-technology progress, it is enclosed the development equipment for protection and safety of the respiratory parts of body, faces and eyes, regard to breathing apparatus. Applying the breathing apparatus, the total protection of the respiratory parts of the body, faces and eyes to aggressive materials, smoke and warmth is enabled. Today in the world there are many producers of breathing apparatus with similar technical-technological solutions, of which should be mentioned the main ones： MSA Auer, Dr/iger and Interspiro. Using of the breathing apparatus in practice, continual performation of different activities without consequences for the health and life of the user is enabled, what firstly depends on the user＇s education, regular using, controlling examination and maintenance/servicing.
