昆虫蛀食对卷果涩荠种子萌发特征的影响

为探究油菜筒喙象蛀食对短命植物卷果涩荠种子萌发特征的影响,本研究以蛀食和非蛀食卷果涩荠根茎产生的种子为材料,研究在不同温度和干旱胁迫下的种子萌发特性。结果表明,不同温度对油菜筒喙象蛀食后卷果涩荠种子萌发率无显著影响,但高温和低温条件抑制了卷果涩荠种子的萌发速率;油菜筒喙象蛀食后缩小卷果涩荠种子萌发温度阈值,但拓宽了卷果涩荠种子的亚适温范围,加快了卷果涩荠的萌发速率。干旱胁迫推迟卷果涩荠种子的萌发时间,油菜筒喙象蛀食增强了卷果涩荠种子抗旱性,使其表现出更高萌发率。

糖卷果的制法及要点

原料：山药500g，苹果250g，果脯100g，沙南一张，白糖、精盐、面粉、淀粉、吉士粉、色拉油各适量。

枣卷果

推荐理由：枣卷果也叫糖卷果．是回民很传统的一道小吃，特别是在北京和天津一带的回民吃得比较多。做枣卷果的原料是红枣和山药．具有很好的食疗效果，休息的时候做一些．可以当小点心吃。

遮阴条件下两种短命植物的叶绿素荧光特性及适应性差异

为探明短命植物的光合适应性,本研究以卷果涩芥(Malcolmia scorpioides)和硬萼软紫草(Arnebia decumbens)为试验对象,研究了遮阴率为75%的4个时间梯度(0、1、7、14 d)下两种短命植物叶绿素荧光日变化及遮阴14 d后叶绿素含量和生物量的变化。结果表明:1) 0 d时,两种短命植物最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm),实际光合效率Y (Ⅰ)和Y (Ⅱ)在午间(14:00)明显降低(P <0.05),存在午间光抑。2)遮阴1和7 d,两种短命植物光合效率日变化呈“单峰”型曲线,14:00时上升至峰值,并伴随环式电子传递流量子产量[Y (CEF)]上升,光抑制被改善;14 d时,卷果涩芥PSⅠ受体端限制引起的量子产量[Y (NA)]和PSⅡ非调节性能量耗散的量子产量[Y (NO)]升高,光系统受损,光合活性下降。3)与未遮阴环境相比,遮阴环境的午间14:00卷果涩芥光合活性下降95.3%,光损伤程度增加95.0%,硬萼软紫草光合活性上升4.0%,热耗散效率下降18.6%。4)遮阴14 d后,两种短命植物的叶绿素含量和生物量均下降,且卷果涩芥的下降率高于硬萼软紫草。综上,硬萼软紫草较卷果涩芥耐阴,14 d内的遮阴均可提高硬萼软紫草的光保护能力,改善光抑制,而卷果涩芥的改善效果仅限7 d内,超过7 d时光合利用率降低。

两种短命植物种子萌发特性和幼苗生理的研究

研究了两种短命植物卷果涩芥(Malcolmia scorpioides)和四齿芥(Tetracme quadricornis)种子在不同处理条件下的萌发情况,并对卷果涩芥和四齿芥幼苗进行NaCl胁迫,测定了两种植物幼苗超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果表明:卷果涩芥和四齿芥种子自然萌发率不足15%,通过赤霉素(GA3)处理和刺破种皮的方法可使两者种子的萌发率提高到90%以上;种子萌发的适宜温度在15～30℃,而光照和黑暗对种子的萌发率影响不显著;卷果涩芥对NaCl和PEG-6000的耐受程度比四齿芥更高一些;在相同NaCl浓度和相同时间段胁迫下,卷果涩芥幼苗的SOD、POD、CAT活性均高于四齿芥,而其MDA含量低于四齿芥,并且随NaCl浓度的增加,3种酶活性均为先升高后降低的趋势,而MDA含量一直处于上升的趋势。

两种早春短命植物CBF基因的原核表达分析

【目的】在原核表达系统中高效表达真核生物中与抗寒相关的转录因子CBF基因,验证序列的正确性,摸索高效表达的条件,为后续转录因子的功能验证奠定基础。【方法】以具有耐低温胁迫的两种早春短命植物绵果荠和卷果涩荠为材料,扩增两端有NcoⅠ和Hind III酶切位点的Ll CBF和Ms CBF基因的CDS全长,构建原核表达载体p ET32a-Ll CBF和p ET32a-Ms CBF,并将其转入Rosetta(DE3)菌株,进行了15、25、30和37℃下不同IPTG浓度的诱导表达;选择表达量最大时的温度及IPTG浓度进行不同时间的诱导表达;对高效表达条件下收集的菌体沉淀超声破碎,离心后同时收集上清和沉淀并进行煮沸处理,SDS-PAGE电泳检测融合蛋白可溶性。【结果】Ll CBF蛋白在30℃、IPTG浓度1 mmol/L、20 h表达量达到最大,Ms CBF蛋白在30℃、IPTG浓度2 mmol/L、20 h达到最大表达量。【结论】探索出了在原核表达系统中高效表达目的蛋白的最适条件,Ll CBF蛋白和Ms CBF蛋白表达形式均为包涵体。

正月初三日 恰逢开斋节

“开斋节”是信仰伊斯兰教各民族的三大节日（古尔邦节、圣化节）之一，我国信仰伊斯兰教的回族、东乡族、撒拉族、保安族、维吾尔族、哈萨克族、柯尔克孜族、乌孜别克族、塔吉克族、塔塔尔族等民族，都在这一天举行庆典活动。因为“开斋节”是上述各民族的“年节”，又正好和我国通行的春节今岁重合，因此，此节将会过得更加隆重。

参加东来顺美食节 感受老北京小吃文化

东来顺今年102岁了.2005年9月16日东来顺在发源地--北京新东安市场举办了第二届美食节,50余种北京小吃进行展卖.其中有被北京人喜欢的蜜麻花、油酥烧饼、豌豆黄、咯吱盒、驴打滚、杏仁豆腐等老北京小吃;有被老顾客怀念的东来顺奶油炸糕、东来顺清真小吃艾窝窝、糖卷果、炸松肉、爆肚、喜字饼、烧羊肉、羊头肉等;还有东来顺自己创新的畅销新品小吃核桃酪、蛋黄酥、月饼等供您品尝.

Bangsamoro Women＇s Participation on Political Processes in Lanao Del Sur

This study attempts to examine the conceptual and political bases of Bangsamoro women＇s participation on politics in terms of electoral, policy-making, and peace processes in Lanao del Sur. The descriptive correlation method was used, which utilized a survey questionnaire as the primary source in acquiring the data. The findings showed that the majority of the respondents were young, most of them were married and had finished elementary degree. It was observed that their participation in electoral, policy-making, and peace processes was high but vote buying, political ideology, and corruption were considered to be their problems. Despite cultural barriers, a clear understanding of their role as Muslim woman can increase their participation. Hence, total reform in the government as well as the Barangay should be done including their participation for the training programs on leadership, accountability and transparency, human and political rights awareness as well as the Shariah Law and the Philippine Constitution. Political party system that has a strong alliance to other political parties shall also be established in order to assure their participation. Linkages to other civil society like class-based organizations, occupation-based associations, and interest-based societies shall be tapped by the leaders of Bangsamoro women.

Analysis on psychological disorder and related factors in 98 patients with cancer and intervention measures thereon

Objective： The aim of this study was to analyze factors of psychological disorder experienced by 98 cancer patients and to probe into intervention measures in accordance with the corresponding bad psychological factors. Methods： A questionnaire survey was conducted in the test group （n = 98） by filling out a symptom checklist 90 （SCL-90）. And then the survey result was compared with the normal group （n = 1388） contained in relevant references. Results： Except for hostile factor that was similar to normal level （P 〉 0.05）, other 8 factors were higher than in normal group （P 〈 0.01）. And the cancer patients were classified with the survey results. Conclusion： Compared with normal persons, cancer patients have more psychological problems and related intervention measures are sought necessarily to improve the quality of life, to advance the immune function and to prolong the survival time of patients.

Considerations on Speaking Skills： Essence of Learning and Teaching Speaking

Acquisition of speaking Turkish students since skills is among the most essential language skills for students currently, especially among language competency is measured through speaking. Every language learner desires to acquire correct communicative skills and fluency in speaking, while teachers aim to give the necessary education in speaking, as well. This study reveals the essence of acquiring speaking competency for learners, and how important it is to teach speaking skills with correct methods and methodology. With the questionnaire analysis on Turkish students and teachers at a Turkish university, the theoretical knowledge on ＂essence＂ is blended with the questionnaire results provided from students and teachers in order to emphasize the necessity and reach more practical solutions for the current need of learning and teaching speaking.

Impact Assessment of Incentive Schemes for the Sustainable Development of Nigerian Construction Industry

The concept of construction productivity and the needs for incentive schemes towards improving the performance of Artisan has long been established. The choice of particular scheme either financial or non financial and to what level it contributes to the productivity of employees remain at stake. Therefore, this study set to evaluate the level of awareness, impact and contribution of the schemes with more emphasis to the non financial incentive schemes. A questionnaire survey involving management and artisans of the three tiers of NCl （Nigerian Construction Industry）： large, medium and small within Kaduna and Abuja Nigeria was conducted. Three hundred （300） responses from the management and artisans were used for analysis, inferences and conclusions. The survey result revealed that non-financial incentive schemes are mostly employed in the large and medium scale construction firms. Though, preference by medium and small scale firms was based on those that do not require fund to implement and maintain. It was concluded that, construction firms operating in Nigeria ought to strive more towards implementing non-financial incentive in their organization since artisans are willing to improve their output.

A Contrastive Study of the Speech Act of Apologies An Empirical Study of Chinese Apologies Based on Face-Negotiation Theory

Based on some insights from face-negotiation theory and through discourse completion test （DCT）, analyzing the frequencies of apology choice and compared with the research results of the Cross-Cultural Speech Act Realization Project （CCSARP）, this paper addresses itself to exploration of the impact of face concept on pragmatic features of Chinese apologies and the dynamic relations between social parameters and the apologetic strategies. The data for this study are elicited from an open-ended DCT questionnaire and analysis of frequencies of apology strategies. The concept of Chinese face and understanding of the conflict as well as its processing mode of seeking harmony make Chinese apology behavior more concerned with the recovery of estrangement relationships, and the apology strategies are used for the purpose of compensating for the face losses of the offenders. An apology will transfer emotional information to each other, to shift the focus of the conflict, quell conflicts, and ease relationships. The parameters of power and social distance have impact on the choice tendency of Illocutionary Force Indicating Devices （IFID）, self-supportive, and other-supportive strategies.

An Empirical Analysis of Learning and Teaching English as a Second Language： The Chinese Perspective

This research venture investigates the trends and motives behind the English learning as a second language. The author has used the Chinese binoculars to probe into the phenomenon of English learning and teaching. English language has become an international tool of communication and business. Professional and students at China's Mainland have been learning English since long but this trend has been increased in the recent years due to the wave of globalization and also owing to the enormous emerging economy of China. Internationalization of education and the quest of knowing the culture and civilizations have spurred the need for English learning. The authors have performed a questionnaire based research with the sample of 130 university students learning Chinese at different English learning institutes at Xi＇an, Shanxi, China. The analysis of the findings in this research highlights the reasons behind the growing trends of English learning and also describes the teaching methodology for effective language teaching in the Chinese perspective.

Financial Effectiveness of Greek Municipalities： An Empirical Investigation

Municipalities are autonomous economic and administrative entities, with common actions and responsibilities. Moreover, all Municipalities are quite different considering specific characteristics, such as geographic, demographic, and economic. The aim of this research is to separate the entire sample of Municipalities in Greece into categories, based on the effectiveness of financial management and financial performance into effective and ineffective ones. For the separation of the sample into groups, cluster analysis was preferred. For this reason, three variables were used： the lending capacity of the Municipality, flexibility in making non-investment costs, and flexibility in investment spending. These three variables were considered to be the key dimensions of effectiveness in financial management and therefore their use, representatively describes the effectiveness of Greek Municipalities. Thus, this paper presents the literature review of the financial effectiveness of Municipalities and the methodology of an empirical research through structured questionnaire that was sent to the entire population of Greek Municipalities, characterized in this way with considerable heterogeneity. In this way, it investigates the views of Mayors in the two categories of Municipalities （effective and non effective financial management and financial performance） as regards： （a） the biggest problems faced by the citizens in their Municipality, and （b） the biggest personnel problems faced by their Municipality. Concluding, the prioritization of both problems seems to be the same for both groups of Municipalities. The frequency of responses differs slightly and differences are not so large that financial performance can be considered to affect respondents＇ opinions.

Human Resource Controlling and Human Resource Management： Practice of Small and Medium-Sized Building Companies in the Czech Republic

The aim of this paper is to define the nature, present the possibilities, and discuss the problems of using human resource controlling in small and medium-sized building companies. This paper is based on the assumption that expedient human resource controlling is an effective human resource management tool that achieves the required performance of employees and expected competitiveness of a building company. This paper uses the results of a questionnaire survey conducted in November 2013 to analyze human resource management in building companies in the Czech Republic and specify the organization and conditions of human resource management. Some 81 small （less than 50 employees） and 66 medium-sized （50-249 employees） building companies operating in the Czech Republic took part in the questionnaire survey. The results of the questionnaire survey showed the lack of concept and random nature of human resource management in most small and medium-sized building companies. Of course, in terms of the present economic trend, it is above all important for small and medium-sized companies to develop their adaptability to the building market and to be able to deal with a variety of construction works. It is effective human resource management supported by expedient human resources that serves this purpose.

Lack of Skills of Human Resources in the Machine Construction Industry

The paper summarises the results of a questionnaire survey that took place in January 2015 in order to assess the current and prospective standard of the qualification of human resources in machine construction companies in the Czech Republic. The questionnaire survey included 23 small machine construction companies （less than 50 employees）, 24 medium-sized machine construction companies （50-249 employees）, and 53 larger machine construction companies （250 and more employees）. The results of the survey indicated that almost one half （43%） of respondent machine construction company top management members planned to hire new employees this year. In addition, 50% of them confirmed their endeavour to keep the current headcount and a mere 7% of them specified problems that would lead to the dismissal of employees. However, what is bothering machine construction top management members is the lack of qualifications and practical experience of job seekers they have to deal with. The intention of the authors is to define the main reasons and propose possible solutions of this problem within human resource management in machine construction companies.

一年生荒漠植物对土壤氮素的生理响应

土壤氮可利用性的季节性对植物生活史、生长和种间关系有重要影响,可确定氮素可利用性季节变化对卷果涩荠开花物候、个体生长、生物量分配及其与夏季一年生植物播娘蒿的种间关系的影响。试验模拟了均匀供氮、春季供氮和夏季供氮3种氮素可利用性的季节变化模式,并测定了3种模式下卷果涩荠开花物候、株高、生物量分配和叶片养分含量。通过比较盆栽植株在独生和与播娘蒿混生条件下的生长变化,分析不同供氮模式对种间关系的影响。结果表明：（1）供氮模式显著影响了卷果涩荠的开花物候,独生环境下,卷果涩荠的开花振幅在均匀和春季供氮处理下表现为单峰曲线,在夏季供氮处理下呈双峰形。培养方式对卷果涩荠的开花物候具有显著影响,混生下均匀供氮处理的卷果涩荠的开花峰值较独生提前4～5 d,峰值期的开花比例较独生植株高16%。（2）供氮模式和培养方式对卷果涩荠生长具有显著的交互效应。独生环境下,春季供氮处理下的卷果涩荠株高显著高于均匀供氮和秋季供氮处理,混生环境下,供氮处理对卷果涩荠的株高、地上、地下生物量、单株总生物量和根冠比无显著影响。（3）氮供应模式和培养方式对卷果涩荠叶片总氮（TN）和总磷（TP）含量及氮磷比无显著影响。当卷果涩荠与播娘蒿混生时,卷果涩荠对氮素的竞争力优于播娘蒿。结果说明,氮可利用性的季节性会对荒漠草本植物的物候进程、生长及未来的群落组成变化产生影响。

马孝良回民小吃奇人

“贝太你好，我是你的忠实读者。向贝太推荐一位我发现的民间高手，此人是我母亲好友的丈夫，做得一手好饭，他家每次宴请客人都不愿去饭馆，因为觉得饭馆的菜反而没他做得香，也不如他讲究营养搭配。他做菜的花样极多，加上他们一家都是回民，所以保持着许多回民小吃的真传，什么糖卷果、松肉……连我的父母‘老北京’都说他再不开饭馆很多口味就失传了。”