This paper uses Lorenz curve and Gini index with adjustment to per capita historical cumulative emission to construct carbon Gini index to measure inequality in climate change area. The analysis shows that 70% of carb...This paper uses Lorenz curve and Gini index with adjustment to per capita historical cumulative emission to construct carbon Gini index to measure inequality in climate change area. The analysis shows that 70% of carbon space in the atmosphere has been used for unequal distribution, which is almost the same as that of incomes in a country with the biggest gap between the rich and the poor in the world. The carbon equity should be an urgency and priority in the climate agenda. Carbon Gini index established in this paper can be used to measure inequality in the distribution of carbon space and provide a quantified indicator for measurement of carbon equity among different proposals.展开更多
Many Chinese people leave big cities for family reunions during the Chinese New Year （CNY）, which is the most important public holiday in China. However, how modem mass human migration during the CNY holiday affects...Many Chinese people leave big cities for family reunions during the Chinese New Year （CNY）, which is the most important public holiday in China. However, how modem mass human migration during the CNY holiday affects the urban heat island （UHI） is still un- known. Here, the authors investigate the role of modem human migration for the UHI effects during the CNY holiday for the period of 1992-2006 in Harbin City, Northeast China. The results show that during the CNY week, the UHI effects expressed as daily mean, maxi- mum, and minimum temperature differences between urban and rural stations averaged over the period of 1992-2006 are 0.65℃ （43%）, 0.31℃ （48%）, and 1.14℃ （71%） lower than during the background period （four weeks before and four weeks after the CNY week）, re- spectively. Our findings identify previously unknown impacts of modem mass human migration on the UHI effects based on a case study in Harbin City.展开更多
In this paper,we introduce the tectonic setting,historical earthquake focal mechanisms and geodynamic environment of Tienshan and its neighboring regions, and draw a conclusion that large earthquakes in the Tienshan s...In this paper,we introduce the tectonic setting,historical earthquake focal mechanisms and geodynamic environment of Tienshan and its neighboring regions, and draw a conclusion that large earthquakes in the Tienshan seismic zone are governed mainly by the pushing from Hindu Kush-Pamir syntax. Secondly,the relationship of large earthquakes in the Hindu Kush-Pamir region and the Tienshan seismic zone is investigated,and synchronization features are found existing in the grouped large earthquakes between the large earthquakes in two regions. The relationship between intermediate-focus large earthquakes in Hindu Kush-Pamir and shallow large earthquakes in the Tienshan seismic zone is also discussed. The same synchronization characteristics are found,and the intensity and frequency of intermediate-focus earthquakes are fiercer, while large earthquakes in the Tienshan seismic zone are more intense,with a wider distribution range. The above results confirm the geodynamic correlativity between Hindu Kush-Pamir and the Tienshan seismic zone from the viewpoint of seismicity.展开更多
The artificial endocrine pancreas is a feedback control instrument that regulates insulin delivery on a minute-by-minute basis according to measured blood glucose levels. Only one type of bedsidetype artificial endocr...The artificial endocrine pancreas is a feedback control instrument that regulates insulin delivery on a minute-by-minute basis according to measured blood glucose levels. Only one type of bedsidetype artificial endocrine pancreas is now available in Japan: STG-22 (Nikkiso Co. Ltd., Japan). In the insulin infusion algorithm, insulin is infused on the basis ofits proportional and derivative actions, to blood glucose concentrations with a constant time delay. The bedside-type artificial endocrine pancreas has been proven to be useful not only as a therapeutic tool for diabetes mellitus, but also as an elegant research tool for investigating the pathophysiology of the disease, by using the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp technique. The wearable type of closed-loop system has been developed recently. The breakthrough is the establishment of a needle-type glucose sensor. The development of closed-loop glycemic control systems that enable long-term physiological regulation has focused on implantable devices. Much effort has been expended to realize these devices.展开更多
The word, “China’ rise”, has highlighted the rapidity and suddenness of China’s development, and the Southeast Asia region, both in history and in reality, has a close relationship with China. In face of the giant...The word, “China’ rise”, has highlighted the rapidity and suddenness of China’s development, and the Southeast Asia region, both in history and in reality, has a close relationship with China. In face of the giant’s rise, some Southeast Asia countries have reduced their sense of certainty and control over this external environment, which causes their insecurity. The reasons of this phenomenon include the factor of history, ideology, geopolitics, overseas Chinese and extraterritorial states intervention. We should go start with national and ideological barriers, combine the analysis of the sense of certainty and control, to understand the underlying causes of insecurity.展开更多
On Jan.31 of 2010,the Suining earthquake occurred at Suining City whch is located the center of Sichuan Basin.It is unusual for the strong earthquake to occur at the center of Sichuan Basin with a stable geotectonic e...On Jan.31 of 2010,the Suining earthquake occurred at Suining City whch is located the center of Sichuan Basin.It is unusual for the strong earthquake to occur at the center of Sichuan Basin with a stable geotectonic environment and a low-level historical seismicity.The macro-epicenter of the earthquake is located at Moxi town of Suining city,Sichuan province,China.The earthquake intensity of the epicenter area is degree VII,and the long axis of the isoseismal line trends in NE orientation.The Suining earthquake caused the collapse or destruction of 460 family houses.The earthquake focal mechanism solution and records of the near-field seismographic stations showed the earthquake occurred at the reverse fault at a depth 34 km.Based on the waveform and focal mechanism,we consider the Suning earthquake is triggered by the reverse fault and not by the gravitational collapse or man-made explosive sources.Basing on seismic refraction profile and borehole,we consider that the earthquake is triggered by the backthrust fault of Moxi anticline rooted in detachments at a depth 3-4 km.Furthermore,we infer that tectonic mechanism of the Suining(Ms5.0) Earthquake is driven by the horizontal crustal shortening and stress adjustment on a shallow detachment after the Wenchuan(Ms 8.0) earthquake.展开更多
The objective of this study was to isolate Bacillus subtilis produced Bacteriocin from Khmer traditional fermented soybean to control the growth of pathogenic bacteria from 120 SIENG samples from 9 different loca...The objective of this study was to isolate Bacillus subtilis produced Bacteriocin from Khmer traditional fermented soybean to control the growth of pathogenic bacteria from 120 SIENG samples from 9 different local open markets in Phnom Penh, 1 local open market and 2 local producers in Kandal province in Cambodia. 119 out of 120 samples were positive with Bacillus subtilis strains. Fifteen of these isolated strains exhibited antimicrobial activity to Lactobacillus plantarum by agar well diffusion assay and one of them （CeM6-7 strain） exhibited strongest antimicrobial activity. The filtered supernatant of this strain also suppressed the growth of several Gram-positive pathogens （such as Staphylococcus aureus） or lactic acid bacteria in broth. The filtrate could also suppress the growth of L. plantarum inoculated into soymilk. Antimicrobial B. subtilis strain CeM6-7 is thought to be applicable for making a starter culture to produce much safe fermented soybean foods by suppressing the growth of naturally contaminated B. cereus or S. aureus during production. In addition, the use of this starter culture may contribute to prevent spoilage or quality loss of soybean products caused by the over growth lactic acid bacteria or other Gram-positive bacteria.展开更多
Historically Turks had always relied on military power. The culture is rich with martial values to this day. Even each civilian is somewhat soldierly in a sense, in general. Nevertheless, in a more detailed analysis, ...Historically Turks had always relied on military power. The culture is rich with martial values to this day. Even each civilian is somewhat soldierly in a sense, in general. Nevertheless, in a more detailed analysis, in some territories of the country, the prestige enjoyed by the military is more intensive than the average, while in some other territories, respect for military people is much below the average tendency. One might infer that in the former category, it is a question of the regions where the inhabitants are mild, soft-spoken, and compatible. They accordingly admire discipline and display obedient attitudes vis-a-vis governmental authority ever since the Ottoman times, merely as a cultural and traditional trait. Those regions are certainly places where military people today are held in high esteem. In such locations, even the ideal profession for a little boy is indoctrinated as a military career, by the whole family or the surrounding social environment. It should be mentioned that in certain cities and towns, a substantial percentage of the population are represented by immigrants, who got re-patriated along the course of the near history, as the former Ottoman Empire began shrinking in territory due to loss of land, during successive wars. The crushing majority of the Muslim Ottoman subjects in those lost territories preferred leaving their property and escaping into the Anatolian mainland, rather than renouncing their belief and assimilating to the new political regime. Having suffered at the hands of foreign powers, those people have also been especially appreciative of the value of their own soldiers. As for the latter category, dislike of discipline and authority can be mainly attributed to the special social structure and historical circumstances.展开更多
The microstructure, microhardness and tensile properties of laser additive manufactured (LAM) Ti?5Al?2Sn?2Zr?4Mo?4Cr alloy were investigated. The result shows that the microstructure evolution is strongly affected by ...The microstructure, microhardness and tensile properties of laser additive manufactured (LAM) Ti?5Al?2Sn?2Zr?4Mo?4Cr alloy were investigated. The result shows that the microstructure evolution is strongly affected by the thermal history of LAM process. Primary α (αp) with different morphologies, secondary α (αs) and martensite α' can be observed at different positions of the LAMed specimen. Annealing treatment can promote the precipitation of rib-like α phase or acicular α phase. As a result, it can increase or decrease the microhardness. The as-deposited L-direction and T-direction specimens contain the same phase constituent with different morphologies. The tensile properties of the as-deposited LAMed specimens are characterized of anisotropy. The L-direction specimen shows the character of low strength but high ductility when compared with the T-direction specimen. After annealing treatment, the strength of L-direction specimen increases significantly while the ductility reduces. The strength of the annealed T-direction specimen changes little, however, the ductility reduces nearly by 50%.展开更多
基金National Basic Research Programme(No.2010CB955303)
文摘This paper uses Lorenz curve and Gini index with adjustment to per capita historical cumulative emission to construct carbon Gini index to measure inequality in climate change area. The analysis shows that 70% of carbon space in the atmosphere has been used for unequal distribution, which is almost the same as that of incomes in a country with the biggest gap between the rich and the poor in the world. The carbon equity should be an urgency and priority in the climate agenda. Carbon Gini index established in this paper can be used to measure inequality in the distribution of carbon space and provide a quantified indicator for measurement of carbon equity among different proposals.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41275089 and 41305071)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2012CB955604)Jingyong ZHANG was supported by the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change
文摘Many Chinese people leave big cities for family reunions during the Chinese New Year （CNY）, which is the most important public holiday in China. However, how modem mass human migration during the CNY holiday affects the urban heat island （UHI） is still un- known. Here, the authors investigate the role of modem human migration for the UHI effects during the CNY holiday for the period of 1992-2006 in Harbin City, Northeast China. The results show that during the CNY week, the UHI effects expressed as daily mean, maxi- mum, and minimum temperature differences between urban and rural stations averaged over the period of 1992-2006 are 0.65℃ （43%）, 0.31℃ （48%）, and 1.14℃ （71%） lower than during the background period （four weeks before and four weeks after the CNY week）, re- spectively. Our findings identify previously unknown impacts of modem mass human migration on the UHI effects based on a case study in Harbin City.
基金jointly sponsored by the National Key Technology R&D Program(2012BAK19B01-04)the Special Fund of Youth Working Group,Institute of Earthquake Science,China Earthquake Administration
文摘In this paper,we introduce the tectonic setting,historical earthquake focal mechanisms and geodynamic environment of Tienshan and its neighboring regions, and draw a conclusion that large earthquakes in the Tienshan seismic zone are governed mainly by the pushing from Hindu Kush-Pamir syntax. Secondly,the relationship of large earthquakes in the Hindu Kush-Pamir region and the Tienshan seismic zone is investigated,and synchronization features are found existing in the grouped large earthquakes between the large earthquakes in two regions. The relationship between intermediate-focus large earthquakes in Hindu Kush-Pamir and shallow large earthquakes in the Tienshan seismic zone is also discussed. The same synchronization characteristics are found,and the intensity and frequency of intermediate-focus earthquakes are fiercer, while large earthquakes in the Tienshan seismic zone are more intense,with a wider distribution range. The above results confirm the geodynamic correlativity between Hindu Kush-Pamir and the Tienshan seismic zone from the viewpoint of seismicity.
文摘The artificial endocrine pancreas is a feedback control instrument that regulates insulin delivery on a minute-by-minute basis according to measured blood glucose levels. Only one type of bedsidetype artificial endocrine pancreas is now available in Japan: STG-22 (Nikkiso Co. Ltd., Japan). In the insulin infusion algorithm, insulin is infused on the basis ofits proportional and derivative actions, to blood glucose concentrations with a constant time delay. The bedside-type artificial endocrine pancreas has been proven to be useful not only as a therapeutic tool for diabetes mellitus, but also as an elegant research tool for investigating the pathophysiology of the disease, by using the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp technique. The wearable type of closed-loop system has been developed recently. The breakthrough is the establishment of a needle-type glucose sensor. The development of closed-loop glycemic control systems that enable long-term physiological regulation has focused on implantable devices. Much effort has been expended to realize these devices.
基金Financed by National Social Science Foundation （Project No. 14CGJ013）.
文摘The word, “China’ rise”, has highlighted the rapidity and suddenness of China’s development, and the Southeast Asia region, both in history and in reality, has a close relationship with China. In face of the giant’s rise, some Southeast Asia countries have reduced their sense of certainty and control over this external environment, which causes their insecurity. The reasons of this phenomenon include the factor of history, ideology, geopolitics, overseas Chinese and extraterritorial states intervention. We should go start with national and ideological barriers, combine the analysis of the sense of certainty and control, to understand the underlying causes of insecurity.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40841010,40972083,41172162)the National Science and Technology Support Program (Grant nNo. 2006BAC13B02-107,2006BAC13B01-604) for the funding
文摘On Jan.31 of 2010,the Suining earthquake occurred at Suining City whch is located the center of Sichuan Basin.It is unusual for the strong earthquake to occur at the center of Sichuan Basin with a stable geotectonic environment and a low-level historical seismicity.The macro-epicenter of the earthquake is located at Moxi town of Suining city,Sichuan province,China.The earthquake intensity of the epicenter area is degree VII,and the long axis of the isoseismal line trends in NE orientation.The Suining earthquake caused the collapse or destruction of 460 family houses.The earthquake focal mechanism solution and records of the near-field seismographic stations showed the earthquake occurred at the reverse fault at a depth 34 km.Based on the waveform and focal mechanism,we consider the Suning earthquake is triggered by the reverse fault and not by the gravitational collapse or man-made explosive sources.Basing on seismic refraction profile and borehole,we consider that the earthquake is triggered by the backthrust fault of Moxi anticline rooted in detachments at a depth 3-4 km.Furthermore,we infer that tectonic mechanism of the Suining(Ms5.0) Earthquake is driven by the horizontal crustal shortening and stress adjustment on a shallow detachment after the Wenchuan(Ms 8.0) earthquake.
文摘The objective of this study was to isolate Bacillus subtilis produced Bacteriocin from Khmer traditional fermented soybean to control the growth of pathogenic bacteria from 120 SIENG samples from 9 different local open markets in Phnom Penh, 1 local open market and 2 local producers in Kandal province in Cambodia. 119 out of 120 samples were positive with Bacillus subtilis strains. Fifteen of these isolated strains exhibited antimicrobial activity to Lactobacillus plantarum by agar well diffusion assay and one of them （CeM6-7 strain） exhibited strongest antimicrobial activity. The filtered supernatant of this strain also suppressed the growth of several Gram-positive pathogens （such as Staphylococcus aureus） or lactic acid bacteria in broth. The filtrate could also suppress the growth of L. plantarum inoculated into soymilk. Antimicrobial B. subtilis strain CeM6-7 is thought to be applicable for making a starter culture to produce much safe fermented soybean foods by suppressing the growth of naturally contaminated B. cereus or S. aureus during production. In addition, the use of this starter culture may contribute to prevent spoilage or quality loss of soybean products caused by the over growth lactic acid bacteria or other Gram-positive bacteria.
文摘Historically Turks had always relied on military power. The culture is rich with martial values to this day. Even each civilian is somewhat soldierly in a sense, in general. Nevertheless, in a more detailed analysis, in some territories of the country, the prestige enjoyed by the military is more intensive than the average, while in some other territories, respect for military people is much below the average tendency. One might infer that in the former category, it is a question of the regions where the inhabitants are mild, soft-spoken, and compatible. They accordingly admire discipline and display obedient attitudes vis-a-vis governmental authority ever since the Ottoman times, merely as a cultural and traditional trait. Those regions are certainly places where military people today are held in high esteem. In such locations, even the ideal profession for a little boy is indoctrinated as a military career, by the whole family or the surrounding social environment. It should be mentioned that in certain cities and towns, a substantial percentage of the population are represented by immigrants, who got re-patriated along the course of the near history, as the former Ottoman Empire began shrinking in territory due to loss of land, during successive wars. The crushing majority of the Muslim Ottoman subjects in those lost territories preferred leaving their property and escaping into the Anatolian mainland, rather than renouncing their belief and assimilating to the new political regime. Having suffered at the hands of foreign powers, those people have also been especially appreciative of the value of their own soldiers. As for the latter category, dislike of discipline and authority can be mainly attributed to the special social structure and historical circumstances.
基金Projects(51105311,51475380)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2013AA031103)supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China
文摘The microstructure, microhardness and tensile properties of laser additive manufactured (LAM) Ti?5Al?2Sn?2Zr?4Mo?4Cr alloy were investigated. The result shows that the microstructure evolution is strongly affected by the thermal history of LAM process. Primary α (αp) with different morphologies, secondary α (αs) and martensite α' can be observed at different positions of the LAMed specimen. Annealing treatment can promote the precipitation of rib-like α phase or acicular α phase. As a result, it can increase or decrease the microhardness. The as-deposited L-direction and T-direction specimens contain the same phase constituent with different morphologies. The tensile properties of the as-deposited LAMed specimens are characterized of anisotropy. The L-direction specimen shows the character of low strength but high ductility when compared with the T-direction specimen. After annealing treatment, the strength of L-direction specimen increases significantly while the ductility reduces. The strength of the annealed T-direction specimen changes little, however, the ductility reduces nearly by 50%.
