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韦伯社会科学方法论中的“适当因果关系” 被引量:3
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作者 刘涛 《广东社会科学》 CSSCI 北大核心 2019年第5期206-213,共8页
适当因果关系是韦伯在具体的考察历史实体-例如《新教伦理与资本主义精神》中的新教伦理生活方式与现代资本主义兴起关系时运用的重要概念,这一概念也集中体现了贯穿韦伯思想始终的方法论观点。韦伯对适当因果关系的运用结合了其对新康... 适当因果关系是韦伯在具体的考察历史实体-例如《新教伦理与资本主义精神》中的新教伦理生活方式与现代资本主义兴起关系时运用的重要概念,这一概念也集中体现了贯穿韦伯思想始终的方法论观点。韦伯对适当因果关系的运用结合了其对新康德主义文化科学的继承及其对社会科学中极端实证主义倾向的批判。从法学中引申出来的"适当因果考察"被韦伯改造为基于历史实体之文化比较的社会科学方法。通过对适当因果关系在具体历史研究中的运用,康德的"客观可能性"概念在韦伯的思想中呈现出文化意涵。适当因果关系是韦伯阐释性的社会学基本思路的体现,是从"理解"的视角考察社会行动构成的重要组成部分。 展开更多
关键词 韦伯 适当因果关系 历史实体 客观可能性 社会科学方法论
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Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Delamination Repair Plaster Applied to Historical Masonry Building
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作者 Pietro Bocca Silvio Valente Alessandro Grazzini Andrea Alberto 《Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture》 2014年第1期47-55,共9页
Often masonry walls of historical buildings are subject to rising damp effects due to capillary or rain infiltrations. In the time, their cyclic action produces decay and delamination of historical plasters. An experi... Often masonry walls of historical buildings are subject to rising damp effects due to capillary or rain infiltrations. In the time, their cyclic action produces decay and delamination of historical plasters. An experimental laboratory procedure for the pre-qualification of repair mortars is described. Long-term plaster delamination frequently occurs because of the mechanical incompatibility of new repair mortars. The tested mortars are suitable for new dehumidified plasters applied to historical masonry walls. Compression static tests were carried out on composite specimens stSone block-repair mortar, which specific geometry can test the de-bonding process of mortar in adherence with historical masonry structure. A numerical simulation based on the cohesive crack model was used to follow the experimental data, in order to describe the evolutionary phenomenon of de-bonding as a function of a small number of parameters. This method supplies useful indication for selecting the product that is best in keeping with the mechanical characteristics of the historical material, thereby avoiding errors associated with materials that are not mechanically compatible. Currently, the methodology is being used at Sacro Monte di Varallo Special Natural Reserve (UNESCO heritage site) in Piedmont (Italy). 展开更多
关键词 Historical masonry dehumidified mortar long-term plaster delamination cohesive crack model.
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