AFuller makes the morality be divided into two groups of morality in the book ＂The Morality of Law＂ . One group is the desiderative morality and compulsory morality, and other group is innernal and external morality...AFuller makes the morality be divided into two groups of morality in the book ＂The Morality of Law＂ . One group is the desiderative morality and compulsory morality, and other group is innernal and external morality of law. The desiderative morality is the good morality with life, excellent morality and the morality which can make human＇ s power be fully realized. The author makes the interactive relationship between innernal morality and external morality be explained that there is experience contact about innernal and external morality of law. The explanation about this kind of experience relationship conforms with the position of the sociology of law which is definited by Fuller in law. In addition, seen from the practical experience and historical experience of human, this kind of explanation not only conforms with the demand of human practice but also conforms with the reality at the same time. There is also some significance which can be reference for us to discuss how to conduct the law practice.展开更多
Through seepage tests under different loading and unloading confining pressures and different hydraulic gradients,the authors studied the effects of stress states and stress history on fracture permeability evolution ...Through seepage tests under different loading and unloading confining pressures and different hydraulic gradients,the authors studied the effects of stress states and stress history on fracture permeability evolution for single granite fracture and sandstone fracture. The results show that there exists a linear relationship between the seepage discharge and osmotic pressure in sandstone fissure under each level of confining pressure. With the increasing in the confining pressure,the permeability of the fracture decreases,but the decreasing rate is changeing. During the unloading process,the fracture seepage velocity cannot be fully recovered to the size of the loading process. Therefore,in the unloading process of the confining pressure,the recovery of fracture permeability shows obvious hysteresis effects. The flow rate of the fracture remains unchanged during five cycles of loading and unloading processes of the confining pressure. In each cycle,the evolution character of the flow rate with the confining pressure remains unchanged. These experiments show that the seepage characteristics of sandstone and granite fractures are not the same under the same stress state.展开更多
A great number of people have been living in insufficient cities which can not suffice either daily necessities or social and cultural necessities of human for decades in spite of a lot of majestic cities were set in ...A great number of people have been living in insufficient cities which can not suffice either daily necessities or social and cultural necessities of human for decades in spite of a lot of majestic cities were set in the world recently. Especially many immigrant people live in close and crowded and squalid suburbs by always suffering from their social condition and worrying about their future in Turkey. Everybody worries about living in a humanitarian environment and correct social occasion and tries to reach communication facilities in his surroundings for living in a society as a human. Each immigrant looks forward to settle in an untouched side and set a life for himself there. Untouched areas and a few undamaged side are rapidly being destroyed because of migrations and while cities expand towards untouched areas, immigrant people immediately settle insufficient sides. When they live in insufficient life, whole they particularly need communication facilities as human in their defective sides. Countries steadily resemble large cities without contain social ambience and communication facilities. Historical experiences have changed social necessities and habits of people into communication facilities during history. Because people need communication the most in their life.展开更多
The study verifies the hypothesis concerning the effect of existing utopia and eschatology of marginality by centring them as formula of alleviation, solution and mediation of the diffused Christian ideas, which is no...The study verifies the hypothesis concerning the effect of existing utopia and eschatology of marginality by centring them as formula of alleviation, solution and mediation of the diffused Christian ideas, which is not a process of absolute novelty. Utopia and eschatology will be accepted as a manner of harmonizing two dialogical reflexes sent as well from the discussion proposed by the journal Communio： International Catholic Review as from the perspective of the operational-utopian concepts, filtered by the Transylvanian magazine Utopia in the 1930s. The magazine recovered after 48 years a coincidence of cultural-political-religious-technical order, which drew to a declared philosophical attitude. The study will verify the working hypothesis, according to which utopia is self-proclaimed, in religious register, type-program-solution and concept-belief-philosophy.展开更多
Father Joseph-Adrien Lelarge de Lignac was born in Poitiers （France） in the year 1697. He died in Paris in 1762. In 1731, he was ordained priest and he became an oratorian the following year. His Letters to an Ameri...Father Joseph-Adrien Lelarge de Lignac was born in Poitiers （France） in the year 1697. He died in Paris in 1762. In 1731, he was ordained priest and he became an oratorian the following year. His Letters to an American is an attempt to refute Buffon and Condillac; this book was prepared in collaboration with Rraumur （J. Roger, P. Charbonnat）. Here, we present some elements of the correspondence between Lignac and Rraumur which show a scientific dialogue about 1736-1748 and we try to bring some foundations of the thought of Lignac to light. Between empiricism and ontology, Lignac stands up for scientific questions being subject to literal reading of the Bible. But Lignac is also the first one to perceive a way of thinking in Buffon Natural History （T. Hoquet）. According to him, the thought of Buffon is a deviation in an order of knowledge, because Natural History would especially be based on observation and experiment. So in this paper, we emphasize two original sources in the thought of Father de Lignac： Malebranche philosophy and his collaboration with Reaumur.展开更多
Remote sensing, which came into being at the first International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment (ISRSE) 50 years ago, has enabled people to obtain objecive and realistic spatial and temporal information th...Remote sensing, which came into being at the first International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment (ISRSE) 50 years ago, has enabled people to obtain objecive and realistic spatial and temporal information through the application of Earth observation technologies and analyze and understand the macro-level changes of the Earth system from a spaial view. The technology of Earth observaion from space has incomparable advantages in the study of the Earth. This aricle introduces the 50-year development of Earth observaion in the world and the 30-year development of Earth observaion in China and reflects on the building of China's Earth observaion system.展开更多
Objective： The aim of the research was to investigate efficacy of dried bio-floc supplemented with immuno-stimulants as beta-glucan and nucleotide on mortality rate and relative percent survival （RPS） of tilapia in...Objective： The aim of the research was to investigate efficacy of dried bio-floc supplemented with immuno-stimulants as beta-glucan and nucleotide on mortality rate and relative percent survival （RPS） of tilapia infected with Flavobacterium columnare, VETSV01. Materials and Methods： A research was performed in 1-inch long tilapia stimulated its immunity by infection with Flavobacterium columnare, VETSV01. Pathogenesis of 0.2 mL Flavobacterium columnare, VETSV01 in the range of 10^2-10^8 mL-1 fish^-1 was injected into its intraperitoneal injection and intramuscular injection and suitable concentrations were screened to obtain for further experiment in a late restage. Based on data of minimal concentration, 50% mortality rate was caused and it was found the concentration of 108 mL^-1 fish^-1 caused 100% mortality rate and no lethal rate was found in other concentrations. Afterwards, efficacy of bio-floc sediment on survival rate of Tilapia infected with Flavobacterium columnare, VETSV01 was examined. Completely randomized design was employed and experiments were divided into 4 treatment： （1） contxol-commercial feed only, （2） commercial feed attached with dried bio-floc, （3） commercial feed attached with bio-floc and beta-glucan and （4） commercial feed attached with bio-floc and nucleotide. Experiment design was performed as 3 replicates with 10 fishes/replicates in 24 inch glass aquarium. Analysis of difference was performed and determination of mean differences of mortality rate mad relative percent survival was done through Duncan＇s Multiple Range Test （p 〈 0.05）. Results and Discussions： It was demonstrated feeding tilapia with commercial feed in combination with dried bio-floc with or without supplementation of 2 immuno-stimulants could lead to 100% survival rate and 100% relative percent survival rate and it was statistically significant different （p 〈 0.05） compared to control group. Bio-floc product supplemented with beta glucan or nucleotide could effectively stimulate immunity against Flavobacterium columnare, VETSV01 and such high effective performance is viewed as a promising potential product to be further developed and practically employed for sake of aquaculture industry in the near future.展开更多
Truth of fiction might sound like a paradox, at least within the Platonic doxa. But perhaps there is no truth without fiction; Plato＇s own myths would testify to this necessary combination of ＂history＂ and ＂story...Truth of fiction might sound like a paradox, at least within the Platonic doxa. But perhaps there is no truth without fiction; Plato＇s own myths would testify to this necessary combination of ＂history＂ and ＂story＂ （histoire, storia, Geschichte, etc.）. Still, it might be not enough simply to affirm the necessity of fictional narrative for an historical account. In some cases, it would be difficult to accept a fictional aspect of historical testimony. Jorge Semprdn claims, on the other hand, that only fiction is able to communicate a traumatic, ＂unbearable＂ experience such as the one of prison camps. He refers to the work of Fyodor Dostoevsky as his model. My paper analyzes this testimonial aspect of Dostoevsky＇s Notes, especially the Notes from a Dead House. It shows, the particularity of this work, which combines an intense personal experience with a fictional elaboration, a quasi-novelistic setting, plot, and characters. I claim that in a sense such a combination might be considered as a model for literature in general, for its testimonial value, for its truth.展开更多
This essay enacts a dialogue between Francois Girard＇s film The Red Violin （1998） and Jacques Derrida＇s contemplations on ＂memory,＂ ＂spectrality＂ and ＂the work of mourning＂ to envision the possibility of ope...This essay enacts a dialogue between Francois Girard＇s film The Red Violin （1998） and Jacques Derrida＇s contemplations on ＂memory,＂ ＂spectrality＂ and ＂the work of mourning＂ to envision the possibility of opening a hopeful condition of being for those who suffer from loss. In The Red Violin, Girard＇s cinematic experiments apply techniques of montage and of repetitive musical theme, practicing intertextuality of non-chronological stories by paralleling various memories of each individual character, blurring the biological and metaphorical boundaries between the living and non-living, and highlighting the fateful interrelations among time, space and different characters＇ life experiences. In this vein, the memories and beings of both the living and the dead are tightly woven together while reproduced--or further, relived--in temporal, spatial and trans-individual dynamics. Reversing the negative imaginaries of loss and death, both Derrida and The Red Violin agree with a messianic work of mourning by exploring the powerful potentiality of spectrality that manifests a way to mutualize the subject/ other, the living/non-living, into a promised being, thus gesturing towards an infinite future.展开更多
Throughout his work, Lev S. Vygotsky （1896-1934） pursued the objective of reformulating psychological theory. His historical-cultural analysis of the ＂crisis in psychology＂ showed that, beyond contradictions betwe...Throughout his work, Lev S. Vygotsky （1896-1934） pursued the objective of reformulating psychological theory. His historical-cultural analysis of the ＂crisis in psychology＂ showed that, beyond contradictions between the two main methodological currents---＂objective/explanatory＂ and ＂subjective/intuitive＂--psychology is primarily influenced by its empirical-sensory foundations. This influence is actually at the origin of the disagreement since it maintains the obligation for the two currents to make reference to empirical-sensory data. Only a general model of the developing human being, assessed by its usefulness, will allow reorienting psychology towards a broader science. This would lead to a general theory of psychology, which could then facilitate the search for tools for an indirect method enabling it to go beyond empiricism.展开更多
By using tai-yu （min-nan-hua, Taiwan Residents local language） to stage William Shakespeare＇s Macbeth, Po-shen Lu produced an experimental performance in the southern part of Taiwan in 2003. When producing Antigone...By using tai-yu （min-nan-hua, Taiwan Residents local language） to stage William Shakespeare＇s Macbeth, Po-shen Lu produced an experimental performance in the southern part of Taiwan in 2003. When producing Antigone in 2001, Lu was challenged by his critics in three aspects： （1） the tradition of tai-yu theatre of Tainan Jen Theatre and that of Western plays, （2） audience reception in Taiwan, and （3） the advantages and disadvantages of integrating tai-yu with Western classic texts. In spite of these criticisms on his theatrical productions, Lu has continued helping Tainan Jen Theatre transform into a professional theatrical troupe since he became an artistic director in 2002. By analyzing how and why Lu staged his The Witch Sonata--Psalm of Macbeth in the socio-historical context of intercultural adaptation, I propose to re-revaluate Lu＇s artistic contribution to the theatrical development in the southern part of Taiwan. I would argue that Lu is not only challenging Taiwan Residents reading of Shakespeare but also exploring the possibilities of tai-yu＇s theatricality, in a view to bringing new life to Taiwan＇s intercultural theatre.展开更多
Chinese American literature hasn＇t developed into a visible power until 1970＇s in the American literary world. David Henry Hwang is a dazzling star among Chinese-American writers. He is the first to perform his own ...Chinese American literature hasn＇t developed into a visible power until 1970＇s in the American literary world. David Henry Hwang is a dazzling star among Chinese-American writers. He is the first to perform his own works on Broadway as well as the first to get Tony Award. He is the most successful and reputable Asian American playwright in the history of American Drama. Hwang＇s masterpiece M. Butterfly inverts orientalism＇s constructing the relationship between the east and the west, subverts stereotypes of the oriental in the westerners＇ eyes, and cries out a distinctive voice of＂the other＂ to western hegemony culture. However~ as a Chinese-American writer of the second generation that receives white mainstream cultural education, Hwang＇s deconstructing the orientalism and subverting the fixed relationship between the east and west has its imperfection, which results from social and historical environment the author lives in, personal experiences as well as national culture identity. In addition, Hwang＇s M.Butterfly aims at appealing for the eastern and western cultures＇ learning from each other, communicating with each other in order to achieve the goal of cultural co-prosperity with a broader mind in a harmonious atmosphere.展开更多
Often masonry walls of historical buildings are subject to rising damp effects due to capillary or rain infiltrations. In the time, their cyclic action produces decay and delamination of historical plasters. An experi...Often masonry walls of historical buildings are subject to rising damp effects due to capillary or rain infiltrations. In the time, their cyclic action produces decay and delamination of historical plasters. An experimental laboratory procedure for the pre-qualification of repair mortars is described. Long-term plaster delamination frequently occurs because of the mechanical incompatibility of new repair mortars. The tested mortars are suitable for new dehumidified plasters applied to historical masonry walls. Compression static tests were carried out on composite specimens stSone block-repair mortar, which specific geometry can test the de-bonding process of mortar in adherence with historical masonry structure. A numerical simulation based on the cohesive crack model was used to follow the experimental data, in order to describe the evolutionary phenomenon of de-bonding as a function of a small number of parameters. This method supplies useful indication for selecting the product that is best in keeping with the mechanical characteristics of the historical material, thereby avoiding errors associated with materials that are not mechanically compatible. Currently, the methodology is being used at Sacro Monte di Varallo Special Natural Reserve （UNESCO heritage site） in Piedmont （Italy）.展开更多
The subject of the legal history belongs to the interdisciplinary of the law and the history. Because of the attribute of the interdisciplinary of the subject of the legal history, the reference of the experience in t...The subject of the legal history belongs to the interdisciplinary of the law and the history. Because of the attribute of the interdisciplinary of the subject of the legal history, the reference of the experience in the development of the h/story is very important. The subject of the legal history must pay attention to the problems encountered in the process of the development of the history and the accumulated experience. The historical development since the last century displays the importance and necessity of the theory of the social science in the study of the history. The researcher of the legal history should focus on the comprehensive use of the theories and methods of the subject of the social sciences, and through the innovative use of the historical data and the use of the multidisciplinary interpretation methods, re-interpret the historical events and figures. With the aid of the comprehensive use of the methods of the multiple disciplines, further open the new situation of the study of the legal history.展开更多
China has a rich tradition of anti-corruption institutional design and cultural construction. Anti-corruption institutions in traditional China were based on a detailed system of anti- corruption charges as well as a ...China has a rich tradition of anti-corruption institutional design and cultural construction. Anti-corruption institutions in traditional China were based on a detailed system of anti- corruption charges as well as a dynamic system of prevention, monitoring, and punishment, facilitated by a unique system of supervision and salary increases to encourage honesty. At the same time, the idea of ＂ruling for the people＂ was advocated as a part of cultural construction, providing a non-institutional impetus for curbing corruption starting from the very source of power. The honesty and integrity of officials was transformed from a political ethic to an everyday ethic which was at the heart of anti-corruption efforts in traditional China. Moral administration, official integrity and cultivation of a professional ethic were stressed so that social education and family education shared the same goals and political ideals and goals were socialized. These experiences have implications for us even today, and should not he overlooked in the present worldwide struggle against corruption.展开更多
文摘AFuller makes the morality be divided into two groups of morality in the book ＂The Morality of Law＂ . One group is the desiderative morality and compulsory morality, and other group is innernal and external morality of law. The desiderative morality is the good morality with life, excellent morality and the morality which can make human＇ s power be fully realized. The author makes the interactive relationship between innernal morality and external morality be explained that there is experience contact about innernal and external morality of law. The explanation about this kind of experience relationship conforms with the position of the sociology of law which is definited by Fuller in law. In addition, seen from the practical experience and historical experience of human, this kind of explanation not only conforms with the demand of human practice but also conforms with the reality at the same time. There is also some significance which can be reference for us to discuss how to conduct the law practice.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41372239)Graduate Innovation Fund of Jilin University(No.2015096)
文摘Through seepage tests under different loading and unloading confining pressures and different hydraulic gradients,the authors studied the effects of stress states and stress history on fracture permeability evolution for single granite fracture and sandstone fracture. The results show that there exists a linear relationship between the seepage discharge and osmotic pressure in sandstone fissure under each level of confining pressure. With the increasing in the confining pressure,the permeability of the fracture decreases,but the decreasing rate is changeing. During the unloading process,the fracture seepage velocity cannot be fully recovered to the size of the loading process. Therefore,in the unloading process of the confining pressure,the recovery of fracture permeability shows obvious hysteresis effects. The flow rate of the fracture remains unchanged during five cycles of loading and unloading processes of the confining pressure. In each cycle,the evolution character of the flow rate with the confining pressure remains unchanged. These experiments show that the seepage characteristics of sandstone and granite fractures are not the same under the same stress state.
文摘A great number of people have been living in insufficient cities which can not suffice either daily necessities or social and cultural necessities of human for decades in spite of a lot of majestic cities were set in the world recently. Especially many immigrant people live in close and crowded and squalid suburbs by always suffering from their social condition and worrying about their future in Turkey. Everybody worries about living in a humanitarian environment and correct social occasion and tries to reach communication facilities in his surroundings for living in a society as a human. Each immigrant looks forward to settle in an untouched side and set a life for himself there. Untouched areas and a few undamaged side are rapidly being destroyed because of migrations and while cities expand towards untouched areas, immigrant people immediately settle insufficient sides. When they live in insufficient life, whole they particularly need communication facilities as human in their defective sides. Countries steadily resemble large cities without contain social ambience and communication facilities. Historical experiences have changed social necessities and habits of people into communication facilities during history. Because people need communication the most in their life.
文摘The study verifies the hypothesis concerning the effect of existing utopia and eschatology of marginality by centring them as formula of alleviation, solution and mediation of the diffused Christian ideas, which is not a process of absolute novelty. Utopia and eschatology will be accepted as a manner of harmonizing two dialogical reflexes sent as well from the discussion proposed by the journal Communio： International Catholic Review as from the perspective of the operational-utopian concepts, filtered by the Transylvanian magazine Utopia in the 1930s. The magazine recovered after 48 years a coincidence of cultural-political-religious-technical order, which drew to a declared philosophical attitude. The study will verify the working hypothesis, according to which utopia is self-proclaimed, in religious register, type-program-solution and concept-belief-philosophy.
文摘Father Joseph-Adrien Lelarge de Lignac was born in Poitiers （France） in the year 1697. He died in Paris in 1762. In 1731, he was ordained priest and he became an oratorian the following year. His Letters to an American is an attempt to refute Buffon and Condillac; this book was prepared in collaboration with Rraumur （J. Roger, P. Charbonnat）. Here, we present some elements of the correspondence between Lignac and Rraumur which show a scientific dialogue about 1736-1748 and we try to bring some foundations of the thought of Lignac to light. Between empiricism and ontology, Lignac stands up for scientific questions being subject to literal reading of the Bible. But Lignac is also the first one to perceive a way of thinking in Buffon Natural History （T. Hoquet）. According to him, the thought of Buffon is a deviation in an order of knowledge, because Natural History would especially be based on observation and experiment. So in this paper, we emphasize two original sources in the thought of Father de Lignac： Malebranche philosophy and his collaboration with Reaumur.
文摘Remote sensing, which came into being at the first International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment (ISRSE) 50 years ago, has enabled people to obtain objecive and realistic spatial and temporal information through the application of Earth observation technologies and analyze and understand the macro-level changes of the Earth system from a spaial view. The technology of Earth observaion from space has incomparable advantages in the study of the Earth. This aricle introduces the 50-year development of Earth observaion in the world and the 30-year development of Earth observaion in China and reflects on the building of China's Earth observaion system.
文摘Objective： The aim of the research was to investigate efficacy of dried bio-floc supplemented with immuno-stimulants as beta-glucan and nucleotide on mortality rate and relative percent survival （RPS） of tilapia infected with Flavobacterium columnare, VETSV01. Materials and Methods： A research was performed in 1-inch long tilapia stimulated its immunity by infection with Flavobacterium columnare, VETSV01. Pathogenesis of 0.2 mL Flavobacterium columnare, VETSV01 in the range of 10^2-10^8 mL-1 fish^-1 was injected into its intraperitoneal injection and intramuscular injection and suitable concentrations were screened to obtain for further experiment in a late restage. Based on data of minimal concentration, 50% mortality rate was caused and it was found the concentration of 108 mL^-1 fish^-1 caused 100% mortality rate and no lethal rate was found in other concentrations. Afterwards, efficacy of bio-floc sediment on survival rate of Tilapia infected with Flavobacterium columnare, VETSV01 was examined. Completely randomized design was employed and experiments were divided into 4 treatment： （1） contxol-commercial feed only, （2） commercial feed attached with dried bio-floc, （3） commercial feed attached with bio-floc and beta-glucan and （4） commercial feed attached with bio-floc and nucleotide. Experiment design was performed as 3 replicates with 10 fishes/replicates in 24 inch glass aquarium. Analysis of difference was performed and determination of mean differences of mortality rate mad relative percent survival was done through Duncan＇s Multiple Range Test （p 〈 0.05）. Results and Discussions： It was demonstrated feeding tilapia with commercial feed in combination with dried bio-floc with or without supplementation of 2 immuno-stimulants could lead to 100% survival rate and 100% relative percent survival rate and it was statistically significant different （p 〈 0.05） compared to control group. Bio-floc product supplemented with beta glucan or nucleotide could effectively stimulate immunity against Flavobacterium columnare, VETSV01 and such high effective performance is viewed as a promising potential product to be further developed and practically employed for sake of aquaculture industry in the near future.
文摘Truth of fiction might sound like a paradox, at least within the Platonic doxa. But perhaps there is no truth without fiction; Plato＇s own myths would testify to this necessary combination of ＂history＂ and ＂story＂ （histoire, storia, Geschichte, etc.）. Still, it might be not enough simply to affirm the necessity of fictional narrative for an historical account. In some cases, it would be difficult to accept a fictional aspect of historical testimony. Jorge Semprdn claims, on the other hand, that only fiction is able to communicate a traumatic, ＂unbearable＂ experience such as the one of prison camps. He refers to the work of Fyodor Dostoevsky as his model. My paper analyzes this testimonial aspect of Dostoevsky＇s Notes, especially the Notes from a Dead House. It shows, the particularity of this work, which combines an intense personal experience with a fictional elaboration, a quasi-novelistic setting, plot, and characters. I claim that in a sense such a combination might be considered as a model for literature in general, for its testimonial value, for its truth.
文摘This essay enacts a dialogue between Francois Girard＇s film The Red Violin （1998） and Jacques Derrida＇s contemplations on ＂memory,＂ ＂spectrality＂ and ＂the work of mourning＂ to envision the possibility of opening a hopeful condition of being for those who suffer from loss. In The Red Violin, Girard＇s cinematic experiments apply techniques of montage and of repetitive musical theme, practicing intertextuality of non-chronological stories by paralleling various memories of each individual character, blurring the biological and metaphorical boundaries between the living and non-living, and highlighting the fateful interrelations among time, space and different characters＇ life experiences. In this vein, the memories and beings of both the living and the dead are tightly woven together while reproduced--or further, relived--in temporal, spatial and trans-individual dynamics. Reversing the negative imaginaries of loss and death, both Derrida and The Red Violin agree with a messianic work of mourning by exploring the powerful potentiality of spectrality that manifests a way to mutualize the subject/ other, the living/non-living, into a promised being, thus gesturing towards an infinite future.
文摘Throughout his work, Lev S. Vygotsky （1896-1934） pursued the objective of reformulating psychological theory. His historical-cultural analysis of the ＂crisis in psychology＂ showed that, beyond contradictions between the two main methodological currents---＂objective/explanatory＂ and ＂subjective/intuitive＂--psychology is primarily influenced by its empirical-sensory foundations. This influence is actually at the origin of the disagreement since it maintains the obligation for the two currents to make reference to empirical-sensory data. Only a general model of the developing human being, assessed by its usefulness, will allow reorienting psychology towards a broader science. This would lead to a general theory of psychology, which could then facilitate the search for tools for an indirect method enabling it to go beyond empiricism.
文摘By using tai-yu （min-nan-hua, Taiwan Residents local language） to stage William Shakespeare＇s Macbeth, Po-shen Lu produced an experimental performance in the southern part of Taiwan in 2003. When producing Antigone in 2001, Lu was challenged by his critics in three aspects： （1） the tradition of tai-yu theatre of Tainan Jen Theatre and that of Western plays, （2） audience reception in Taiwan, and （3） the advantages and disadvantages of integrating tai-yu with Western classic texts. In spite of these criticisms on his theatrical productions, Lu has continued helping Tainan Jen Theatre transform into a professional theatrical troupe since he became an artistic director in 2002. By analyzing how and why Lu staged his The Witch Sonata--Psalm of Macbeth in the socio-historical context of intercultural adaptation, I propose to re-revaluate Lu＇s artistic contribution to the theatrical development in the southern part of Taiwan. I would argue that Lu is not only challenging Taiwan Residents reading of Shakespeare but also exploring the possibilities of tai-yu＇s theatricality, in a view to bringing new life to Taiwan＇s intercultural theatre.
文摘Chinese American literature hasn＇t developed into a visible power until 1970＇s in the American literary world. David Henry Hwang is a dazzling star among Chinese-American writers. He is the first to perform his own works on Broadway as well as the first to get Tony Award. He is the most successful and reputable Asian American playwright in the history of American Drama. Hwang＇s masterpiece M. Butterfly inverts orientalism＇s constructing the relationship between the east and the west, subverts stereotypes of the oriental in the westerners＇ eyes, and cries out a distinctive voice of＂the other＂ to western hegemony culture. However~ as a Chinese-American writer of the second generation that receives white mainstream cultural education, Hwang＇s deconstructing the orientalism and subverting the fixed relationship between the east and west has its imperfection, which results from social and historical environment the author lives in, personal experiences as well as national culture identity. In addition, Hwang＇s M.Butterfly aims at appealing for the eastern and western cultures＇ learning from each other, communicating with each other in order to achieve the goal of cultural co-prosperity with a broader mind in a harmonious atmosphere.
文摘Often masonry walls of historical buildings are subject to rising damp effects due to capillary or rain infiltrations. In the time, their cyclic action produces decay and delamination of historical plasters. An experimental laboratory procedure for the pre-qualification of repair mortars is described. Long-term plaster delamination frequently occurs because of the mechanical incompatibility of new repair mortars. The tested mortars are suitable for new dehumidified plasters applied to historical masonry walls. Compression static tests were carried out on composite specimens stSone block-repair mortar, which specific geometry can test the de-bonding process of mortar in adherence with historical masonry structure. A numerical simulation based on the cohesive crack model was used to follow the experimental data, in order to describe the evolutionary phenomenon of de-bonding as a function of a small number of parameters. This method supplies useful indication for selecting the product that is best in keeping with the mechanical characteristics of the historical material, thereby avoiding errors associated with materials that are not mechanically compatible. Currently, the methodology is being used at Sacro Monte di Varallo Special Natural Reserve （UNESCO heritage site） in Piedmont （Italy）.
文摘The subject of the legal history belongs to the interdisciplinary of the law and the history. Because of the attribute of the interdisciplinary of the subject of the legal history, the reference of the experience in the development of the h/story is very important. The subject of the legal history must pay attention to the problems encountered in the process of the development of the history and the accumulated experience. The historical development since the last century displays the importance and necessity of the theory of the social science in the study of the history. The researcher of the legal history should focus on the comprehensive use of the theories and methods of the subject of the social sciences, and through the innovative use of the historical data and the use of the multidisciplinary interpretation methods, re-interpret the historical events and figures. With the aid of the comprehensive use of the methods of the multiple disciplines, further open the new situation of the study of the legal history.
文摘China has a rich tradition of anti-corruption institutional design and cultural construction. Anti-corruption institutions in traditional China were based on a detailed system of anti- corruption charges as well as a dynamic system of prevention, monitoring, and punishment, facilitated by a unique system of supervision and salary increases to encourage honesty. At the same time, the idea of ＂ruling for the people＂ was advocated as a part of cultural construction, providing a non-institutional impetus for curbing corruption starting from the very source of power. The honesty and integrity of officials was transformed from a political ethic to an everyday ethic which was at the heart of anti-corruption efforts in traditional China. Moral administration, official integrity and cultivation of a professional ethic were stressed so that social education and family education shared the same goals and political ideals and goals were socialized. These experiences have implications for us even today, and should not he overlooked in the present worldwide struggle against corruption.
