汉语中的时体压制

汉语的体转移用法或体压制主要来自于动词情状体、命题语法体和构式的形态—语义三个层次间的相互作用,不同的体压制现象突显不同层次上的冲突。传统时体研究中被忽略的构式本身对体压制的作用非常重要,为了描述和阐释时体压制这一语言活用现象,我们需要树立一个多层次、综合的体系统观和构式观。时体压制研究可以帮助我们更加深入、全面地了解汉语及其他语言体系统的构成及表义机制。

“NP/ADJ+了”构式中体压制现象的分析及验证

在构式语法观下,对汉语中"NP/ADJ+了"结构进行考察,发现该构式是一组形式与意义的配对,体现了完成体及实现体的特征;在体压制的作用下,"NP/ADJ+了"构式中的形容词或名词发生了从状态(state)到事件(event)的体转移,并且此种体转移可以通过对构式时体意义的认知识解得以验证。

论英汉语言体系统中的压制现象

时体系统一直是英汉语言研究的焦点问题之一,但其语言中存在的体压制现象受到关注却只是近年的事情。本论站在压制理论研究的基础上,据英汉两语言体系统中构式压制与词汇压制的多重影响和互动,来探讨其复杂形式的体意义。

从构式角度分析英汉语中的体压制现象

英语中的体压制近年来引起很多学者的关注,Michaelis[1]建立的构式分析框架颇有说服力。汉语中的体压制现象能否从该角度给予解释还未得到充分研究。本文借鉴这一构式框架,收集一定的语料发现汉语中现实体的压制机制为体标记,有时与频度副词共同作用。

体压制角度下汉语致使完结情状的语义结构分析

本文探讨汉语的动结式、宾语渐进式、梯度性、非梯度性四类致使完结情状如何与词语算子或构式进行互动触发体压制,从而产生未终结解读。本研究证明体压制现象涉及动词的语义结构,以及压制算子或构式的体压制力度。

冷等静压坯体成型径向隔套收缩率的模拟计算

双介质径向隔套式冷等静压设备在陶瓷等冶金粉体坯料压制中,存在由于坯料和托架尺寸选择过大引起设备橡胶隔套被损坏的情况,研究了坯料和工作介质受压收缩后对橡胶隔套径向变形的作用机理,建立压缩物理和数学模型,推导出了最窄处径向收缩率计算公式,为该类设备压制坯料和托架尺寸的选择提供了理论依据,具有一定的现实指导意义。

新型陶瓷坯体增强剂的研制

研究了以木质素为主要原料的新型陶瓷坯体YZ型增强剂以及其加入量或使用量对陶瓷各生产工艺的影响。结果表明，加入适量的YZ型增强剂，能提高压制成形干坯强度30％-50％，同时还可作为解凝剂使用．可提高坯料研磨效率10％-30％。

试论汉语的体压制

本文在回顾国外时体压制研究的基础上,以构式压制理论为框架,研究了汉语体系统的各个子类所可能发生的体压制现象。我们认为,汉语的体系统应该分为动词词汇体、述谓体和语法体三个层次,各层次间相互融合,相互作用,不同的体压制现象突显不同层次上的变化。同时,构式本身对体压制的作用非常重要,可以贯穿以上三个体层次。也就是说,为了描述和阐释体压制这一语言活用现象,需要树立一个多层次、综合的体系统观和构式观。时体压制研究可以帮助我们更加深入、全面地了解汉语体系统的构成及表义机制。

Way构式体对动词体压制的二维解析

当前构式语法框架内针对构式与动词的压制互动研究,主要集中在构式对动词论元角色和语义框架的压制识解上,而针对构式对动词的体压制研究则存在两个明显不足:一是缺乏构式体对动词体压制的系统描述;二是对构式体与动词体的错配融合,缺乏动态多维的分析。基于这些不足,本文以Way构式为例,以Croft的动词二维模式为分析框架,从时间和性状两个维度对Way构式体与不同动词体的压制融合进行了全面动态的同构分析,发现动词体与构式体错配融合时,在构式体义压制下,动词的潜势体义能被激发突显出与构式相一致的体义,这一发现从体压制的全新视角为构式与动词融合的内在语义同构性提供了有力支撑。

福岛核电站泄漏事故污染控制与消除的成与败

因地震、海啸引发的福岛核电站泄漏事故产生的放射性污染至今仍在严重影响着日本民众的生命安全与正常生活,且污染有进一步扩大的威胁。纵观事故发生后日本采用的应急处置手段总体上是成功的,但受污染控制与消除技术缺乏等因素的制约,在污染控制与消除方面采取的措施不得力,致使蔬菜、牛奶和自来水受到了碘-131的污染,日本的进出口贸易与民众的生活受到了严重影响,身体健康受到了威胁。本文分析了日本在控制与消除核事故放射性污染方面的做法,并根据中国核事故应急救援技术发展现状,提出了更有利于减轻核事故危害、控制与消除核污染的技术与手段。

Threshold pressure and infiltration behavior of liquid metal into fibrous preform

A dynamic measuring apparatus was developed to investigate the infiltration process of liquid metal into the fibrous preform. 10% （volume fraction） chopped carbon fiber preforms were infiltrated with magnesium alloy under different infiltration pressures. The threshold pressure and flow behavior of liquid metal infiltrating into the preforms were calculated and measured. The microstructure of obtained Ct4Mg composites was observed. The results indicate that the measured threshold pressure for infiltration was 0.048 MPa, which was larger than the calculated value. The infiltration rate increased with the increase of infiltration pressure, but the increase amplitude decreased gradually. The tiny pores in the composites could be eliminated by increasing the infiltration pressure. When the infiltration pressure rose to 0.6 MPa, high quality C1/Mg composite was obtained.

美专家证实 CD4 T 细胞能抑制艾滋病毒

美专家证实ＣＤ４Ｔ细胞能抑制艾滋病毒美国加州的研究人员说，他们的实验表明，人体ＣＤ４Ｔ细胞有能力压制体内使免疫机能丧失的病毒。据称，这一发现有助于为科学家提供对抗艾滋病毒的新办法。据加州科学家马里奥·罗德尔说，研究人员从有艾滋病毒人身上取出一些ＣＤ４...

趋向构式中的体压制

基于空间属性,运动事件可分为位移和静止两种状态。但从时间属性来看,两种不同状态的运动事件在进行语言编码时并非泾渭分明,如趋向动词和时量短语进行搭配,整个结构就会出现"转动为静"现象,而且这种"错配"在人类语言里具有相当的普适性。本文从构式语法的角度,重点探讨汉语"来/去"和时量短语的搭配,提出:1)相关表达式的形成是构式压制的结果;2)"体"、"现实?非现实"等因素对"来/去"词汇体的压制起重要作用;3)参照时间对不同结构的语义解读会产生影响。

Active vibration control of multibody system with quick startup and brake based on active damping

A kind of active vibration control method was presented based on active damping and optimization design for driving load of multibody system with quick startup and brake. Dynamical equation of multibody system with quick startup and brake and piezoelectric actuators intelligent structure was built. The optimum driving load was calculated by applying the presented method. The self-sensing and self-tuning closed-loop active vibration control in quick startup and brake process was realized. The control algorithm, using local velocity negative feedback, i.e. the output of a sensor only affects the output of the actuator collocated, can induce damping effectively to actively suppress the system vibration. Based on the optimization design for driving load of multibody system with quick startup and bake, the active damping of piezoelectric actuators intelligent structure was used to farther suppress the vibration of system. Theoretical analysis and calculation of numerical show that the proposed method makes the vibration of system decrease more than the optimal design method for driving load of multibody system.

Numerical Analysis of Finite Deformation of Overbroken Rock Mass in Gob Area Based on Euler Model of Control Volume

The overbroken rock mass of gob areas is made up of broken and accumulated rock blocks compressed to some extent by the overlying strata. The beating pressure of the gob can directly affect the safety of mining fields, formarion of road retained along the next goaf and seepage of water and methane through the gob. In this paper, the software RFPA＇2000 is used to construct numerical models. Especially the Euler method of control volume is proposed to solve the simulation difficulty arising from plastically finite deformations. The results show that three characteristic regions occurred in the gob area： （1） a naturally accumulated region, 0-10 m away from unbroken surrounding rock walls, where the beating pressure is nearly zero; （2） an overcompacted region, 10-20 m away from unbroken walls, where the beating pressure results in the maximum value of the gob area; （3） a stable compaction region, more than 20 m away from unbroken walls and occupying absolutely most of the gob area, where the beating pressures show basically no differences. Such a characteristic can exolain the easy-seeoaged “O”-ring phenomena around mining fields very well.

Deformation transition of intact coal induced by gas injection

Gas migration in coal bed is a multiple-physical process, of which not only includes gas desorption/diffusion through coal matrix and gas Darcy flow through the cleat system, but also results in deformation of solid coal. Especially for enhanced coal bed methane(ECBM) and CO2 capture and sequestration(CCS), gas injection is mainly controlled by the gas diffusivity in the coal matrix and coal permeability.Although the relevant coal permeability models have been frequently developed, how the dual-porosity system of coal affects gas adsorption/diffusion is still poorly understood. In this paper, a series of experiments were carried out in order to investigate deformation evolution of intact coal subjected to hydrostatic pressure of different gases(including pure H2, N2 and CO2) under isotherm injection. In the testing process, the coal strain and injected gas pressure were measured simultaneously. The results show that the pressure of non-adsorptive helium remained unchanged throughout the isothermal injection process, in which the volumetric strain of the coal shrinked firstly and maintained unchanged at lower isobaric pressure. With the injected pressure increasing, the coal volume underwent a transition from shrinking to recovery(still less than initial volume of the coal). In contrast, N2 injection caused the coal to shrink firstly and then recover with decreasing gas pressure. The recovery volume was larger than the initial volume due to adsorption-induced swelling. For the case of CO2 injection, although the stronger adsorption effect could result in swelling of the solid coal, the presence of higher gas pressure appears to contribute the swelling coal to shrink. These results indicate that the evolution of coal deformation is time dependent throughout the migration of injected gas. From the mechanical characteristics of poroelastical materials, distribution of pore pressure within the coal is to vary with the gas injection,during which the pore pressure in the cleats will rapidly increase, in contrast, the pore pressure in the matrix will hysteretically elevate. Such a difference on changes of pore pressure between the cleats and the matrix will contribute to the shrinkage of the matrix as a result of initially greater effective stress.Besides, both gas-adsorption-induced swelling and decreasing effective stress also control the coal deformation transition. This work gives us an insight into investigation on influence of effective stress on coal-gas interaction.

Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristic of Outer and Inner Half Coil Jackets

The physical models of the outer and inner half coil jackets were simplified to two types of coiled ducts.The mathematic models of incompressible fluid at the condition of laminar flow and heat transfer in the two types of jackets for cooling process reactor were set up and solved by the semi-implicit method for pressure linked equa-tions consistent （SIMPLEC） algorithm based on a control volume method.The flow and temperature fields were given and the effects of Dean and Prandtl numbers on flow and heat transfer were studied.The results show that flow in the inner half coil jacket is found to exhibit transition of secondary flow pattern from two vortices to four vortices when the Dean number increases,but that in the outer half coil jacket is not found.The critical Dean num-ber is about 96.The inner half coil jacket has stronger heat transfer ability than the outer half coil jacket and this superiority is more evident with larger Prandtl number.However,as the Dean number is greater than 105,the flow resistance enhances more severely in the inner jacket than the outer jacket.For both jackets,the centers of the heated wall are the poorest for heat transfer.

Model Predictive Control with Feedforward Strategy for Gas Collectors of Coke Ovens

In coking process, the production quality, equipment life, energy consumption, and process safety are all influenced by the pressure in gas collector pipe of coke oven, which is frequently influenced by disturbances.The main control objectives for the gas collector pressure system are keeping the pressures in collector pipes at appropriate operating point. In this paper, model predictive control(MPC) strategy is introduced to control the collector pressure system due to its ability to handle constraint and good control performance. Based on a method proposed to simplify the system model, an extended state space model predictive control is designed,which combines the feedforward strategy to eliminate the disturbance. The simulation results in a system with two coke ovens show the feasibility and effectiveness of the control scheme.

2.7-4.0 GHz PLL with dual-mode auto frequency calibration for navigation system on chip

A 2.7-4.0 GHz dual-mode auto frequency calibration(AFC) fast locking PLL was designed for navigation system on chip(SoC). The SoC was composed of one radio frequency(RF) receiver, one baseband and several system control parts. In the proposed AFC block, both analog and digital modes were designed to complete the AFC process. In analog mode, the analog part sampled and detected the charge pump output tuning voltage, which would give the indicator to digital part to adjust the voltage control oscillator(VCO) capacitor bank. In digital mode, the digital part counted the phase lock loop(PLL) divided clock to judge whether VCO frequency was fast or slow. The analog and digital modes completed the auto frequency calibration function independently by internal switch. By designing a special switching algorithm, the switch of the digital and analog mode could be realized anytime during the lock and unlock detecting process for faster and more stable locking. This chip is fabricated in 0.13 μm RF complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS) process, and the VCO supports the frequency range from 2.7 to 4.0 GHz. Tested 3.96 GHz frequency phase noise is -90 d Bc/Hz@100 k Hz frequency offset and -120 d Bc/Hz@1 MHz frequency offset. By using the analog mode in lock detection and digital mode in unlock detection, tested AFC time is less than 9 μs and the total PLL lock time is less than 19 μs. The SoC acquisition and tracking sensitivity are about-142 d Bm and-155 d Bm, respectively. The area of the proposed PLL is 0.35 mm^2 and the total SoC area is about 9.6 mm^2.

Depth control for a deep-sea self-holding intelligent buoy system based on active disturbance rejection control method

The net buoyancy of the deep-sea self-holding intelligent buoy(DSIB)will change with depth due to pressure hull deformation in the deep submergence process.The net buoyancy changes will affect the hovering performance of the DSIB.To make the DSIB have better resistance to the external disturbances caused by the net buoyancy and water resistance,a depth controller was designed to improve the depth positioning based on the active disturbance rejection control(ADRC).Firstly,a dynamic model was established based on the motion analysis of the DSIB.In addition,the extended state observer(ESO)and nonlinear state error feedback controller were designed based on the Lyapunov stability principle.Finally,semi-physical simulations for the depth control process were made by using the ADRC depth controller and traditional PID depth controller,respectively.The results of the semi-physical simulations indicate that the depth controller based on the ADRC can achieve the predefined depth control under the external disturbances.Compared with the traditional PID depth controller,the overshoot of the ADRC depth controller is 1.74%,and the depth error is within 0.5%.It not only has a better control capability to restrain the overshoot and shock caused by the external disturbances,but also can improve intelligence of the DSIB under the depth tracking task.