康复教育中孤独症儿童家长的压力及其因应方式研究——基于照顾照顾者视角

从照顾照顾者视角出发,以济南某特殊儿童康复中心的孤独症儿童家长为调查对象,对机构中自闭症儿童照顾者的压力源及压力因应方式展开分析,研究发现家长所采取的积极或消极的因应方式与孩子的进步程度相关,同时根据与孤独症儿童的关系亲疏不同而有所差异;所面临的有形的压力相对而言是暂时的、非主要的,最根本、难以释怀的则是无尽的等待、无助、无望和挫败感。

失独老人家庭的压力特征与因应策略研究

本文在家庭压力理论的基础上,对失独老人家庭的压力特征与应对策略进行研究。失去独生子女是家庭永久的伤痛,失独老人家庭面临着心理创伤、经济和养老三重压力的横向积累,也经历着生命历程中压力的纵向积累。非正式社会支持中的强关系和融入社会工作专业服务的正式社会支持系统是失独老人家庭因应策略的重要组成部分,社会服务的专业化有利于提升失独老人家庭应对压力的能力,减少家庭危机的产生。

转型期家庭压力特征和社会网络资源的运用

境外关于资源对家庭压力作用的研究偏向微观层面的剖析,对影响家庭因应资源的社会宏观层面因素较少涉及。本研究借鉴西方家庭压力模型,尤其是布思的脉动理论,从本土经验出发,把家庭压力置于经济结构急剧变化的历史、社会背景中,关注外在脉动的社会支持对家庭因应压力的作用。研究采用质化和量化分析结合的方式,探析城乡家庭如何运用正式的和非正式的社会支持网络,涉取和使用嵌入在社会网络中的资源因应压力的过程和策略。研究发现,多数家庭主要是通过亲缘网络的支持以不同程度地缓解压力,正式的社会支持给予家庭尤其是弱势家庭以社会救济和多方面的援手,有效地缓解了不少压力或危机。但总体而言,社会支持不足是造成家庭易损性的最主要因素,制度资源的匮乏和缺失,使得目前的社会公共服务只能满足部分家庭的初级物质需求,对解决或减轻压力的作用有限。

乡村旅游游客生活压力知觉、休闲调适策略与健康之关系

休闲调适策略是现代人调适生活压力对健康影响的重要方式之一。本文以台湾苗栗县南庄地区500名年满16岁以上的乡村旅游游客为对象,探讨生活压力知觉、休闲调适策略与健康之关系,通过结构方程模式(SEM)实证检验。结果表明,休闲调适策略具有缓冲生活压力对健康的影响,并以改善情绪式休闲及友伴式休闲的休闲调适策略效果最为显著。故未来发展与规划乡村旅游活动时,可多以具有提升正面情绪与友谊支持的休闲活动为主,来帮助乡村旅游游客因应生活压力。

马克思主义意识形态接受的因应性机理

马克思主义意识形态接受的机理包括因应性机理、感应性机理和思想场机理。马克思主义意识形态接受的因应性机理,指马克思主义意识形态之所以被有效接受,是由一定的因素引起和推动的。马克思主义意识形态接受的因应性机理包括动力因应机理、压力因应机理和激发力因应机理。

ANALYSIS OF STRESS FIELD NEAR CRACK TIP BASED ON ELECTRIC SATURATION MODEL

Within the framework of nonlinear eleetroelasticity, the stress field near to the crack tip in an infinite piezoelectric media subject to a far field uniform loading is studied by using an electrical strip saturation model and the complex variable method. And the emphasis is placed on the stress field near to the crack tip. The obtained solutions show that the normalized stress components at an arbitrary point near to the crack tip are determined by the angle of the point. Moreover, the stress components are independent of the distance from the point to the ori- gin of the coordinate. The distributions of in-plane stress components near to the crack tip are analyzed based on numerical results for PZT-SH. Compared with some related solutions, results show that the solutions are valid.

Wing crack propagation model under high hydraulic pressure in compressive-shear stress state

A new wing crack model subjected to hydraulic pressure and far-field stresses was proposed considering the effect of hydraulic pressure in wing crack and the connected part of the main crack on the stress intensity factor at the wing crack tip. With the equivalent crack length Ieq of the wing crack introduced, the stress intensity factor Kl at the wing crack tip was as- sumed to the sum of two terms： on one hand a component K1^（1） for a single isolated straight wing crack of length 21, and subjected to hydraulic pressure in the wing crack and far-field stresses; on the other hand a component K1（2） due to the effective shear stress induced by the presence of the equivalent main crack. The lateral tensile stress and hydraulic high pressure are the key factors that induce crack propagation unsteadily. The new wing crack theoretical model proposed can supply references for the study on hydraulic fracture in fractured masses, hydraulic fracturing in rock masses.

Stress Uniformity Process of Specimens in SHPB Test Under Different Loading Conditions of Rectangular and Half-Sine Input Waves

Based on the characteristics of 1D waves,the stress uniformity process in specimens under different loading conditions of rectangular and half-sine input waves was analyzed in split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test.The results show that the times of an elastic wave propa-gating from one end to the other in a specimen to attain stress equilibrium,is related to input wave-forms and relative mechanical impedance between the specimen and the input/output bars.Here-into,with the increae of the relative impedance,the times decreases under rectangular input waves loading,while it increases under half-sine input wave loading.The dimensionless stress value of specimen corresponding to the status of stress equilibrium increases with the increase of the rela-tive mechanical impedance.However,the dimensionless stress value under half-sine input wave loading is significantly lower than the value under rectangular input wave loading for specimen with low mechanical impedance,and the relative differentia of the dimensionless stress values under two loading conditions decreases with the increase of the relative mechanical impedance.In gen-eral,the forced state of specimen with relatively low mechanical impedance under half-sine input wave loading is evidently superior to the state under rectangular input wave loading in SHPB test,and the advantages of forced state under half-sine input wave loading turns weak with the increase of the relative mechanical impedance.

Diffusion and Reaction Model of Catalyst Pellets for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis

The diffusion and reaction phenomenon in a Fe-based catalyst pellet for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis was studied. It was considered that the pores of catalyst pellets were full of liquid wax under Fischer-Tropsch synthesis conditions. The re- actants diffused from the bulk gas phase to the external surface of the pellet, and then the reactants diffused through the wax inside the pellet and reacted on the internal surface formed along the pore passages of the pellet. On the basis of reaction kinetics and double a-ASF product distribution model, a diffusion and reaction model of catalyst pellet was established. The effects of diffusion and reaction interaction in a catalyst pellet, the bulk temperature, the reaction pressure and the pellet size on the reactivity were further investigated. The relationship between the internal diffusion effectiveness factor of spherical catalyst pellet and the Thiele modulus were also discussed. The bulk temperature and pellet size have significant effects on the reactivity, while the pressure shows only a slight influence on the reactivity. The internal diffusion effectiveness factor decreases with an increasing Thiele modulus.

Skulls Symmetry of ＂White Rasquera＂ Goat

Three common categories of bilateral asymmetry have been described： directional asymmetry, antisymmetry, and FA （fluctuating asymmetry）. FA is the most subtle of the three types of asymmetry, and differs from the patterns of the others in that paired structures tend to be symmetric in size. The analysis of FA allows to estimate the influence of stress factors on animal development and enables evaluation of resistance to stress. The aim of this work was to estimate the symmetry of skulls of a contemporary pure goat breed, as there is currently no study of FA as an estimate of individual quality for domestic goats. For this purpose, 11 landmarks were digitized in two dimensions from the crania of 24 adult goats （12 males and 12 females） belonging to the ＂White Rasquera＂ breed. The skulls showed nearly perfect bilateral symmetry. The low detected values of FA in skulls revealed a weak influence of developmental stress on this goat contemporary population and its strong ability to compensate stress.

Energy Efficiency of Reactive Dynamic Compensators

A parameter that allows an evaluation of power quality transmitted, or distributed, between energy source and the final user is electric system power factor. Among other aspects, a bigger power factor, close to unit value, relieves operational conditions of lines and cables, besides, it improves feeder＇s voltage behavior. Due to load variation along the day, the dynamic compensation of power factor allows maintaining this parameter close to the ideal. This paper brings a study about a reactive dynamic compensator based on the voltage control in a capacitive element, varying the reactive energy in accordance with the system demand, everything from the energy efficiency point of view. In distribution systems, the losses due to this variable compensation can be lower than in other compensation methods and also the voltage presents a better behavior, justifying its application.

WRKY transcription factors down-regulate the expression of H2S-generating genes, LCD and DES in Arabidopsis thaliana

Hydrogen sulfide(H2S) is a gasotransmitter playing a vital role in response to biotic and abiotic stress for plants. In order to understand the transcriptional regulation of the genes that are responsible for endogenous H2 S generation, the promoter sequences of L-cysteine desulfhydrase(LCD), D-cysteine desulfhydrase(DCD1,DCD2), desulfhydrase(DES) and nitrogen fixation synthetase(NFS1, NFS2) were analyzed. They are all found to contain a W-box, a characteristic core binding site for the plant WRKY transcription factors, which have important roles in the plant's responses to numerous stresses by modifying the expression patterns of their target genes. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay indicated that WRKY18 and WRKY60 interacted with the W-box in the promoters of the LCD, DCD1, DCD2, DES and NFS2 genes, whereas WRKY40 bound to the W-box of the NFS1 promoter. The expression levels of the LCD, DES and DCD1 genes were up-regulated, but the DCD2 was downregulated in the plants with WRKY18, WRKY40 or WRKY60 mutations. The plants with double and triple mutations of WRKY18, WRKY40 and WRKY60 had a higher rate of H2 S production during cadmium stress and were more resistant to the cadmium stress than the wild type or single mutants. These results suggest that WRKY transcription factors regulate the H2 S signaling pathway in plants, allowing them to cope with cadmium stress.

The sulfur metabolism regulator MetR is a global regulator controlling phytochrome-dependent light responses in Aspergillus nidulans

Phytochrome-dependent light signaling has been studied in several fungi.In Aspergillus nidulans lightstimulated phytochrome activates the high-osmolarity glycerol(HOG)signaling pathway and thereby controls the expression of a large number of genes,many of which are related to stress responses.In a genome-wide expression analysis in A.nidulans we found that phytochrome,fph A,is under strict expression control of the central regulator of the sulfur-starvation response,Met R.This transcriptional regulator is required for the expression of genes involved in inorganic sulfur assimilation.In the presence of organic sulfur,Met R is probably ubiquitinated and possibly degraded and the transcription of sulfur-assimilation genes,e.g.,sulfate permease,is turned off.The expression analysis described here revealed,however,that Met R additionally controls the expression of hundreds of genes,many of which are required for secondary metabolite production.We also show that met R mutation phenocopies fph A deletion,and five other histidine-hybrid kinases are down-regulated in the met R1 mutant.Furthermore,we found that light and phytochrome regulate the expression of at least three carbon–sulfur hydrolases.This work is a further step towards understanding the interplay between light sensing and metabolic pathways.