矩形断面迎风面脉动压力特性试验研究

当紊流流经矩形钝体时,由于漩涡的拉伸和旋转运动,其顺流向脉动压力具有明显的非定常性和空间三维性,且主要依赖于紊流积分尺度与结构特征尺寸之比。为了深入研究紊流尺度效应作用机理,以4:1矩形断面为研究对象,基于三维谱张量理论和刚性节段模型测压试验,系统研究矩形断面顺流向脉动压力的非定常气动力特性。结果表明:在紊流从矩形断面驻点至分离点运动过程中,脉动压力的谱能量从低频向高频转移,且该现象随着L_(u)/D(L_(u)为脉动风的纵向积分尺度,D为迎风面高度)的减小更明显。与之相比,紊流三维效应和畸变效应随L_(u)/D的增大而减弱,在此过程中脉动压力的能量由于阻塞效应只在低频发生了明显的衰减,在高频无明显变化。并通过引入三维压力导纳来揭示紊流作用下矩形断面迎风侧脉动压力的非定常效应机理,对于驻点压力,L_(u)/D越大,压力导纳越接近准定常理论;对于非驻点压力,其距驻点位置越远,阻塞效应对于低频能量的减弱作用越明显,紊流三维效应越弱,而高频的畸变效应则只由L_(u)/D控制。

In-situ pressure-induced BiVO_(4)/Bi_(0.6)Y_(0.4)VO_(4) S-scheme heterojunction for enhanced photocatalytic overall water splitting activity

Step-scheme(S-scheme)heterojunctions in photocatalysts can provide novel and practical insight on promoting photogenerated carrier separation.The latter is critical in controlling the overall efficiency in one-step photoexcitation systems.In this study,a nanosized BiVO4/Bi0.6Y0.4VO4 solid solution was prepared by a coprecipitation method following with hydrothermal or calcination processes.The S-scheme heterojunction was fabricated by in-situ pressure-induced transformations of bismuth vanadate from the tetragonal zircon phase to the monoclinic scheelite phase,which led to the formation of BiVO4 nanoparticles with a diameter of approximately 5 nm on the surface of BiVO_(4)/Bi_(0.6)Y_(0.4)VO_(4)/Bi_(0.6)Y_(0.4)VO_(4) with S-scheme heterojunctions showed significantly enhanced photocatalytic overall water splitting activity compared with using bare BiVO_(4)/Bi_(0.6)Y_(0.4)VO_(4).Characterization of the carrier dynamics demonstrated that a superior carrier separation through S-type heterojunctions might have caused the enhanced overall water splitting(OWS)activity.Surface photovoltage spectra and the results of selective photodeposition experiments indicated that the photogenerated holes mainly migrated to the BiVO4 nanoparticles in the heterojunction.This confirmed that the charge transfer route corresponds to an S-scheme rather than a type-II heterojunction mechanism under light illumination.This study presents a facile and efficient strategy to construct S-scheme heterojunctions through a pressure-induced phase transition.The results demonstrated that S-scheme junctions composed of different crystalline phases can boost the carrier separation capacity and eventually improve the photocatalytic OWS activity.

Responses of wind-induced internal pressure in a two-compartment building with a dominant opening and background porosity Part 2:Parameter analyses and design equations

Analyses of the effects of some parameters were performed to determine the admittance functions in a common two-compartment building with background porosity by the imposed excitation method.Variations of the magnification factors of fluctuating internal pressures were analyzed using 96 model cases under random fluctuating external pressure,and then corresponding design equations were fitted.The results show that the Helmholtz resonance peaks of the admittance functions in both compartments increase with increasing the area of windward or partition wall opening.With increasing the volume of the compartment with an external opening,the resonance peak in this compartment at the higher Helmholtz frequency significantly decreases,at the same time,the resonance peak in the other compartment at the lower Helmholtz frequency also decreases.With increasing the volume of the compartment with background porosity,both resonance peaks in this compartment at the lower and higher Helmholtz frequencies decrease,meanwhile,the resonance peak at the lower Helmholtz frequency for the other compartment also decreases,whereas the resonance peak at the higher Helmholtz frequency increases.Both resonance peaks of the admittance functions in the two compartments decrease with increasing the amplitude of fluctuating external pressure coefficients or reference wind speed.

Controlling Thermal Conductivity of Few-Layer Graphene Nanoribbons by Using the Transversal Pressure

We study the thermal transport of few-layer graphene nanoribbons in the presence of the transversal pressure by using molecular dynamics simulations. It is reported that the pressure can improve the thermal conductivity of few-layer graphene nanoribbons. This improvement can reach 37.5% in the low temperature region. The pressure dependence of thermal conductivity is also investigated for different length, width and thickness of few-layer graphene. Our results provide an alternative option to tuning thermal conductivity of few-layer graphene nanoribbons, b-arthermore, it maybe indicate a so-called pressure-thermM effect in nanomaterials.

Influence of residual surface stress on the fracture of nanoscale piezoelectric materials with conducting cracks

In this paper,we analyze the stress and electric field intensity factors affected by residual surface stress for conducting cracks in piezoelectric nanomaterials.The problem is reduced to a system of non-linear singular integral equations,whose solution is determined by iteration technique.Numerical results indicate that the residual surface stress can significantly alter the crack tip fields at nanometer length scales.Due to the residual surface stress,281he electric field can produce stress around crack tip.This suggests a strong electromechanical coupling crack tip field for nanoscale piezoelectric materials.Such a finding is considerably different from the classical fracture mechanics results.A transit electric field to stress load ratio is identified,for which influences of residual surface stresses vanish.The research is useful for the applications of nanoscale piezoelectric devices.