板内扭压造山机制

据中国大陆板块内部构造特征提出两种扭压造山机制：（１） 扭压滑脱褶皱造山作用；（２） 扭压斜滑断裂岩浆造山作用。前者以扬子板块内的武陵山台褶带为例，后者以华北板块内的太行山断裂岩浆带为例。扭压滑脱褶皱造山作用表现为沉积盖层呈隔档式及隔槽式褶皱；结晶基底呈大型隆起和拗折，莫霍面下降，从而使地壳增厚，构成造山带。值得注意的是，这类滑脱褶皱带的整体形状呈Ｓ状展布，其中的次级褶皱呈雁行状斜列，表明这类造山带的形成除受水平挤压作用外，还伴有左行剪切作用。扭压斜滑断裂岩浆造山作用表现为沿断裂带有一系列花岗质深成岩体展布。这些断裂不仅深切地幔，而且导致下地壳局部融熔形成花岗岩浆，驱动岩浆斜向上升，并控制岩体侵位。与此同时地壳在平面上缩短，垂向上增厚，构成造山带。上述两种造山作用一致表明。

南宋亡国的厓山海战述评

南宋亡国的厓山海战决不是一场不对称的军事较量,相反,宋军在船舰数量方面还占有优势。宋军所以彻底失败,是张世傑的军事指挥失误所造成的。厓山海战是继百馀年前宋金胶西海战后,又一次使用火药兵器的大海战,在世界海战史上应占相当的地位。

山推SR28RM型垃圾压实机

山推工程机械股份有限公司自主研制开发生产的SR28RM型压实机适用于城市垃圾处理,该机采用国际多项先进技术设计制造,科技含量高,结构先进合理,性能卓越.SR28RM型垃圾压实机在作业中能充分利用自身质量对垃圾进行推平、捣碎、静碾压实,它拥有4个焊接凸块压实滚轮,前部设有带隔栅的推铲,可对各种散状垃圾进行填埋、平整及压实,也可用于道路基础、水利大坝特别是用于黏性材料的压实作业,也可以作为填方压实机和高速压实机.

A continued study on the bisoprolol and isosorbide dinitrate transdermal patches:cardiovascular protection in spontaneously hypertensive rats

The objective of the present study is to examine cardiovascular protective action of a newly developed transdermal patch by incorporating bisoprolol and isosorbide dinitrate in spontaneously hypertensive rats. As the combination therapy with these two synergistic drugs at low doses through a suitable form of administration could provide optimal therapeutic benefit, we further evaluated the effects of a 42 d period of anti-hypertensive treatment in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Rats were divided into the following five groups： control （blank patch）, bisoprolol fumarate tablets （BP-FT, 20.0 mg/kg, i.g.）, bisoprolol transdermal patch （BP-TP, 20.0 mg/kg）, isosorbide dinitrate transdermal patch （ISDN-TP, 20.0 mg/kg）, and the combination of BP and ISDN in a transdermal patch at low doses （8 and 12 mg/kg, respectively）. The effects of treatment were evaluated via biochemical indicators related to cardiovascular protection, structure and function. The combination therapy had synergistic anti-hypertensive effects and significantly reduced blood pressure with the benefit of controlling blood pressure variability compared to BP-FT and BP-TP. The combined treatment also reduced heart rate as well as BP-FT and BP-TP, while ISDN-TP had no evident effects on blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiovascular protection. Combination therapy was superior to BP-TP and BP-FT at increasing blood atrial natriuretic peptide and nitric oxide, while also reducing cardiac hydroxyproline and endothelin-1 with no difference in blood endothelin-1 and cardiac malondialdehyde levels. Cardiovascular remodeling differed among the groups, with the combination therapy reducing cardiac hypertrophy and the aortic media/lumen ratio. The consequential improvements in relaxation in response to cumulative concentrations of acetylcholine may explain the associated improvement in endothelial function. Combi- nation treatment with a transdermal patch exhibited a synergistic therapeutic effect. Such favorable cardiovascular effects with nitric oxide donors and β-blockade combination through a transdermal patch may provide long-term cardiovascular protection during anti-hypertensive treatment.

新人参故事(二)

1八叶人参六叶棒槌放山人姜忠仁今年五十多岁,放山的历史有三十多年。三十多年的放山历史,在他们新华村不算长,长的有四五十年的。但是他经历过的稀奇事可不少,比如遇到过麻达鬼儿,遇到棒槌自己报山,遇到过无风无雨大晴天时,树上掉下鲜树杈子等等,下面说的这次放山经历,也很神奇。首先,这次放山组织帮伙的人就与其他帮伙不同,除了他和另外一个小姜以外,还有他母亲和岳母,一共六个人,他也不讲究＂去单回双＂,

FEM analyses of stress and deformation of a flexible inner pressure bolt

The flexible inner pressure bolt is a new kind and new structural bolt (anchor rod). A number of structural improvements and performance test have been carried out. The bolt has superior compatibility to the soft crag and the large distortion tunnel with its flexibility. In order to study its stress, deformation and interaction mechanism thoroughly, a number of large distortion calcula- tions and analyses have been carried out on the bolt by FEM (finite element method), especially with the ANSYS software, based on the updated Lagrangian law. The results show that the maximum stress of the inner wall of the bolt is consistent with an elastic analytic solution. The maximum stress on the body occurs in the vicinity of the enhancement material. The link enhancement of the body seems to be quite essential. The experimental results indicate that the maximum injection pressure in the bolt is 2.5 MPa without link enhancement and 8.3 MPa with the enhancement. This link enhancement effect is highly significant. These results provide some basis for the design, application and anchoring stress analysis of the bolt.

Parameter analysis of anchor bolt support for large-span and jointed rock mass

In order to obtain the optimal parameters of anchor bolt supporting system for large-span and jointed rock mass in Kaiyang Phosphor Mine, it is expensive and unavailable with the method of in-situ experiments. This paper describes a numerical modeling with discrete element method for the supporting effects of different type of anchor bolts. The anchor bolts with variant length of 0.5m, 0.8m, 1.0m, diameter of 10mm, 15mm, 20mm, setting spacing of 3.0m, 2.5m, 2.0m, and setting angle of 10°, 20°, 30°, are simulated respectively. The results show that there exist optimal parameters of anchor bolt support for large-span and jointed rock mass. For the bolt support of the concerning, the optimal length is 2.53.5m, the diameter is 2535mm, the spacing is 0.50.6m, and the setting angle is 105°.

"Nonlinear" characteristics of the static earth pressure coefficient in thick alluvium

Exact calculations of the static earth pressure from a thick alluvium require accurate/Co values. These calculations influence the sinking cost and the safety of the freezing method. The static earth pressure coefficient （K0） of thick and deep soil was analyzed using laboratory tests. The results show that the static earth pressure coefficient of thick and deep soils is nonlinear and different from that of superficial soils. The constant of superficial soils is usually invariant and the total stress or incremental stress definitions used in traditional geo-meehanics give the same value. The influence of load increments when calculating for superficial soil is ignored. The difference in values of K0 for thick alluvium defimed by the total stress or the incremental stress methods is over 10%. The effects of the thick alluvium on K0 should be considered during the design of frozen shaft projects. Such things as the frozen shaft thickness and the excavated section height should be chosen to assure the rationality of the design and to avoid potential faults and accidents.

Verification of Numerical Modeling in 2-D Wave Propagation in Rock

Compressional harmonic wave propagation from a cylindrical tunnel or borehole in an intact rock is the basis for investigation of the practical explosion waves in a fractured rock mass. The amplitudes of the radial stress wave obtained from the universal distinct element code (UDEC) were compared with the analytical solutions for two cases with different conditions. Good agreements between the UDEC results and the analytical solutions have been achieved. It indicates that UDEC can model 2-D dynamic problems at a high degree of accuracy.

Sedimentation behavior of indoor airborne microparticles

Experiments on the behavior of airborne microparticle sediments and their adhesion on glass slides were conducted in a laboratory located on the first floor of a teaching building. Clean tiles and glass slides were placed at different angles （0°, 45° and 90°） with respect to the horizontal plane in the laboratory. The sedimentation of microparticles was investigated at certain time intervals （1 d, 3 d, l0 d and 30 d）. The results of testing, at day 30, show that the diameters of particles on the horizontal tiles varied from 20 to 80 μm; few particles with diameter less than 0.5 μm or greater than 100 μm were found. The amount of particle sediment on all the slides increased along over time, while the average diameter of particles was not correlated with time, nor with the angle of placement. The maximum particle size, the total particle surface area, the total perimeter of all particles and the cover ratio of light （the proportion of total area of particles to the observed area of the slides surfaces） did not change significantly within the first 10 days. Inspection of all the samples for the last 20 days, however, showed that these variables increased substantially with the passage of time and were in reverse proportion to the placement angles, which indicates a concentration of particles, as well as physical and chemical changes.

Spatial and Temporal Variability of Water Vapor Content during 1961-2011 in Tianshan Mountains,China

Based on the climate factors data and surface vapor pressure （SVP） data of 44 weather stations in Tianshan Mountains during the years 1961-2011, this paper establishes a water vapor content （WVC） estimation model according to the relationship between monthly WVC of radiosonde and corresponding SVP and analyzes the spatial and temporal variability of WVC and their causes. The results show that the WVC is linearly and negatively related to the elevation and longitude （Vertical zonality and Longitude zonality）, while it was not linearly related to the latitude. The westerly wind, geographical situation and sea level elevation composed complex surface conditions to influence the spatial distribution of WVC in the Tianshan Mountains. The Mann-Kendall （M-K） statistical test shows a significant increasing trend in the mean annual WVC in Tianshan Mountains during 1961- 2011（P 〈 0.001）, with a rate of 0.23 mm/decade, and indicates an abrupt turning point in 1985 （P.〈0.001）. Correlation analysis shows that the WVC are significantly correlated to the temperature, especially during the winter, but the summer WVC are significantly correlated to the precipitation. In addition, the North Atlantic Oscillation Index （NAOI） and the Arctic Oscillation Index （AOI） are significantly correlated to the winter WVC in the Tianshan Mountains. As a new Microwave radiometric profilers （MWRPs） instrument, the MP- 3000A provides continuous, real-time and high temporal resolution atmospheric profiles up to 10 km. In order to monitor water vapor and atmosphere profiles in Tianshan Mountains, an MP-3000A was established in Urumqi （43.8°N, 87.58°N） in May 2008. The results indicated that the MP-3oooA was applicable to this area, and the evolutionary process of water vapor and the WVC peak values of MP- 3000A were a strong signal for rainstorm and flood forecasts for Urumqi and the Tianshan Mountains.

Mechanical model of roof on stope and its analysis

Based on the engineering background of No.8402 stope face in Silaogou Coal Mine of Datong Mineral Bureau and the theory of plate presented by researchers before, considering surrounding rock structure in the stope and according to mechanical property of rock bodies with various kinds of joint planes, presented an assumption that the key roof was divided into a series of elastic plate group by joint planes, then set up mechanical model of elastic plate group with pin joint. After compared the deflection and the stress in the mechanical model by numerical modeling with data from field engineering, the rule of rock plates’ break in turn and the difference in rock plates’ stress during the roof’s first and periodic weighting along the stope face were found.

Study on gob-side entry retaining technique with roadside packing in longwall top-coal caving technology

Pointed out some technical difficulties of gob-side entry retaining with roadside packing in longwall top-coal caving technology (LTCT), and analyzed the function mecha-nism of roadside filling body. Theory analysis shows the mechanical properties of high water material fit for the feature of deformation of gob-side entry retaining in LTCT, and gob-side entry retaining in LTCT face is one of effective ways to increase the recovery ra-tio of mining district.

Shear stress distribution and characteristics of deformation for shear band-elastic body system at pre-peak and post-peak

The distributed shear stress and the displacement across shear band, the evolution of plastic zones, and the load-carrying capacity of rock specimen were investigated in plane strain direct shear test according to Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua （FLAC）. And then the shear displacement distribution in normal direction of system composed of localized shear band and elastic rock was analyzed based on gradient-dependent plasticity. The adopted failure criterion was a composite of Mohr-Coulomb criterion, that is, the relation between tension cut-off and postpeak constitutive of rock was linear strain-softening. Numerical results show that shear stress field approximately undergoes three different stages. At first, shear stress is only concentrated in the middle of top and base of specimen. Next, shear stress in the middle of specimen tends to increase, owing to superposition of shear stresses. Interestingly, two peaks of shear stress appear far from the loading ends of specimen, and the peaks approach with the increase in timestep until elements at the center of specimen yield. Finally, relatively lower shear stress level is reached in large part of specimen except in the regions near the two ends. As flow stress decreases, the analytical shear displacement distribution in shear band based on gradient-dependent plasticity becomes steeps outside the band, it is linear and its slope tends to decrease. These theoretical results qualitatively agree with that of the present numerical predicted results. Main advantage of the analytical solution over the numerical results according to FLAC is that it is continuous, smooth and non-linear （except at elastic stage）.

Research on sustenance of soft rock tunnel in Hongmiao Mine of Pingzhuang Mine Area

The return airway tunnel of bank 6 is an important tunnel for air return and auxiliary transportation.While under construction,the tunnel was seriously deformed, and the bottom was heavily squeezed.When completed,the bottom was smoothed out several times and a lot of maintenance were done.But about half year later,the tunnel collapsed.To counter the problems mentioned above,we systematically expounded our ideas and designed for solving the problem of the sustenance of the return airway tunnel of section 6.

A CUSP CATASTROPHE, PRECURSORS PATTERN AND EVOLUTION PROCESS OF ROCKBUST OF COAL PILLAR UNDER A HARD ROCK SUBJECT TO ELASTIC SUPPORT

The rockburst of the poal pillar under a thick hard roof stratum is modelled as the instability failure problem of coal pillars under strata subject to elastic support. The instability mechanism of rockburst is studied by applying cusp catastrophic theory. The effects of the stiffness ratio of the system and loads imposed on the system on the rockburst are explicated.The factors affecting rockbursts are discussed. Based on them, the evolution process, the forewarning regularity arid forewarning sings of rockbursts are studied. It is indicated that the subsidence velocity of roof stratum, which increases quickly and tends to infinity, is the forewarning measurable signs of the rockbursts of coal pillar.

Evolution of a hydrodynamic field and its effect on hydrocarbon accumulation in the Biyang depression, Henan province

The hydro-geologic stages in the Biyang Depression, Henan Province, were defined and factors controlling the evolution of the hydrodynamic field in this area were analyzed. The evolution of the paleo-hydrodynamic field was studied by using the method of sedimentary-water-head and the changing patterns of the present hydrodynamic field as determined from measured pressure data. The results show that the evolution of the hydrodynamic field is one of inheritance and that it controls hydrocarbon accumulation. The deposition center in the southeast of the depression is always a high-value zone for water-head and a dynamic- source zone of the hydrodynamic field. The slope zone in the northwest of the depression is always a low-value zone for water-head and is the main discharge area for groundwater; this is the hydrocarbon accumulation zone. Hydrocarbon accumulation is controlled by the hydrodynamic field. The reservoir shows a ring-shaped horizontal pattern. Accumulation occurs in a pressure equilibrium zone at the frontal surface between sedimentary water and infiltrating water. The hydrocarbon accumulations occur in two vertically different discharge units, Eh31 and Eh32, under the action of overpressure.

Maintenance and development of the Ural high and its contribution to severe cold wave activities in winter 2020/21

Two successive severe cold waves invaded eastern China from the end of 2020 to early 2021,leading to an extensive,severe,and persistent drop in temperature.The paper investigates the features and formation mechanisms of the two cold waves.The main results are as follows:(1)An anticlockwise turning of the transverse trough was observed in both cold waves.However,a broad ridge was maintained over the Ural area from mid-December 2020 till mid-January 2021.No breakdown or discontinuous westward shift of the blocking high was observed,which is different from typical cold waves in eastern Asia.(2)The maintenance and strengthening of northerly winds in front of the Ural high led to an increase in baroclinicity in-situ.In the downstream region,the gradient of the geopotential height contour in the south of the transverse trough rapidly increased and the advection of cold temperature consistently enhanced and advanced southwards.This in turn caused the intensification and southward expansion of the Siberian high.(3)Energy propagation of the quasi-stationary wave was a reason for the development and persistence of the Ural blocking.Prior to the occurrence of the two cold waves,the energy of the low-frequency stationary wave originating from near 0°E(or even to the west)propagated eastwards,which helped the Ural ridge intensify and maintain.Meanwhile,it also contributed to the development of the trough downstream of the ridge and resulted in the anticlockwise turning of the transverse trough,providing a favorable condition for the southward outbreak of cold air.