压平器在桥壳机加工中的应用

在桥壳的机加工过程中,双V形块定位是其中的一种主要定位方式,双V形块定位只限定工件的四个自由度,工件沿X轴的移动和绕X轴的旋转它是不限制的。压平器在桥壳机加工中的应用,较好的解决了工件绕X轴旋转的自由度无法限制的问题,同时既降低了生产成本,又可以不受机床系统的限制,有相当广泛的适用范围。

A NEW SOFT-SWITCHING PUSH-PULL THREE-LEVEL CONVERTER

The application areas of conventional push pull converters are limited because of high voltage stress of switches (twice of input voltage). This paper presents a novel zero voltage and zero current switching (ZCS) PWM push pull three level converter in which the voltage stress of switches is input voltage. With phase shifted modulation strategy, the leading switches can only realize zero voltage switching (ZVS), and the lagging switches can realize ZCS when block capacitor and block diodes are added. Using the strategy, the converter overcomes the drawbacks presented by the conventional push pull converter, such as magnetic aberration, large switch loss, and voltage spike on switches, so it can get higher efficiency, and a wider application area. The operating principle of the new converter is analyzed and verified on a 600 W, 50 kHz experimental prototype. Several zero voltage and zero current switching PWM push pull three level converters are proposed.

Precursory Signals of Extensive and Persistent Extreme Cold Events in China

The distinct precursory signals of countrywide extensive and persistent extreme cold events (CECs) were investigated and contrasted with those of countrywide cold wave events (CCWs). It is shown that most CECs were accompanied by a CCW in the initial stages. From the comparison between the CECs and the CCWs that were independent of any CEC, it is found that a south- west-northeast-oriented tilted ridge at 500 hPa was present around the Europe-Barents Sea regions approximately 10 days prior to the start of the CEC. Consistent with this feature, a high sea level pressure and strong cold air accumulation occurred over a broad extent of northern Eurasia one week prior to the start of the CEC. The tilted ridge and the strong cold air accumulation were the precursory signals that were absent for the CCW, and they provide important clues for the early prediction of whether a CCW event might evolve into a CEC.

Comprehensive predictive control of neutral-point voltage balancing for back-to-back three-level NPC converters

A comprehensive predictive strategy was proposed for the neutral-point balancing control of back-to-back three-level converters. The phase currents at both sides and the DC-link capacitor voltages were measured for the prediction of the neutral-point current. A quality function was found to balance the neutral-point, and a metabolic on-times distribution factor was used as a predicator to minimize the quality function at each switching state. Simulation results show that the proposed method produces smaller ripples in tested signals compared with the established one, namely, 9.15% less in a total harmonic distortion(THD) of line-to-line voltage, 1.08% less in the THD of phase current, and 0.9 V less in the ripple of the neutral-point voltage. The obtained experimental results show that the main harmonics of the line-to-line voltage and the phase current in the proposed method are improved by 10 d B and 6 d B, respectively, and the ripple of neutral-point voltage is halved compared to the established one.

Sliding mode control of solid state transformer using a three-level hysteresis function

The solid state transformer(SST) can be viewed as an energy router in energy internet. This work presents sliding mode control(SMC) to improve dynamic state and steady state performance of a three-stage(rectifier stage, isolated stage and inverter stage) SST for energy internet. SMC with three-level hysteresis sliding functions is presented to control the input current of rectifier stage and output voltage of inverter stage to improve the robustness under external disturbance and parametric uncertainties and reduce the switching frequency. A modified feedback linearization technique using isolated stage simplified model is presented to achieve satisfactory regulation of output voltage of the isolated stage. The system is tested for steady state operation, reactive power control, dynamic load change and voltage sag simulations, respectively. The switching model of SST is implemented in Matlab/ Simulink to verify the SST control algorithms.

Theoretical Analysis and Computer Simulation of Different Balance Bridge Voltage Controlled Crystal Oscillator

Q -double effect of different balance bridge voltage controlled crystal oscillator (DBVCXO) is quantitatively analysed by the computer simulation

Analysis and Prototyping of Multicellular DC-DC Transformer for Environmentally Friendly Data Centers

A multicellular DCX （dc-dc transformer） using unregulated cell converters has been proposed for the environmentally friendly data centers. The high speed cell converter with the switching frequency over MHz behaves as an ideal transformer, and this behavior solves the voltage imbalance issue in the multicellular converter topology. The analysis of the unregulated cell converter is conducted by using the state space averaging method, and the operation condition for the ideal transformer is specified. The behavior of the multicellular DCX using the high speed cell converters has been also analyzed, and the voltage imbalance issue among cell converters is discussed quantitatively. A prototype of a 19.2 kW 384 V-384 V multicellular DCX using sixty-four unregulated cell converters is fabricated and the validity of the analyses is verified.

Research on the Mechanism of Impedance Matching for Underwater Acoustic Transmitter based on Mathematical Modelling and Corresponding Balance Transformer

With the progress of power transmission technology, it is necessary for researchers to conduct related research on impedance matching. In this paper, we conduct research on the mechanism of impedance matching for underwater acoustic transmitter based on mathematical modelling and corresponding balance transformer. To realize underwater acoustic signal of wide band and high power emission, in addition to need the bandwidth performance good transducer array yuan, to a large extent also depends on a good matching between the transducer and amplifier. The result shows the feasibility and robustness of our designed system.

Research on DCC Strategy for Grid-Connected Inverter of D-PMSG under Unbalanced Network Voltage Conditions

According to performance analysis of a three-phase grid-connected inverter mathematical model of a directly-driven wind turbine with a permanent magnet synchronous generator (D-PMSG) under unbalanced network voltage conditions, a dual current-loop control strategy (DCC) oriented on positive voltage and negative current is proposed to inhibit the DC voltage fluctuation. Meanwhile, a notch filter is introduced into the conventional control strategy of a phase-locked loop to complete the low voltage ride through (LVRT) ability of the wind generator. A 1.5-MW D-PMSG with a back-to-back IGBT frequency converter was simulated in the PSCAD/EMTDC environment, and simulation results showed that: the maximum wind power tracking was achieved in this system and the proposed DCC strategy could successfully inhibit the rising aging of DC voltage and enhance the ride-through capability of D-PMSG wind generation system under unbalanced network voltage conditions.

High-Power-Factor Adjustable Speed Drive Using Diode Clamped Multilevel Inverter

This paper presents a new approach to alleviate the harmonics and to enhance the power factor of the ASD （adjustable speed drive）. A conventional ASD with 2-level PWM （pulse width modulation） inverters generate high dv/dt and high frequency common mode voltages which are harmful for the drive applications. It reduces the motor bearings life and conducted EMI （electro magnetic interference） deteriorates the insulation. In this paper, a diode clamped multilevel （3-level） inverter is used to perform dual task. It generates HF （high frequency） current to be injected at the input of the three-phase front-end rectifier thereby improving the harmonic spectra and the power factor. It also drives the induction motor. The salient feature of this paper is that it does not require separate converters for improving power factor and to drive induction motor. Furthermore, inverter switches operate with ZVS （zero voltage switching）, thus reducing the switching losses substantially, The voltage stress of the switches also has been reduced to half of the conventional 2-level converter. The inverter is operated with SPWM （sinusoidal pulse width modulation） technique. The simulation results for a prototype of 2.2 kW are presented.

Complete Focal Plane Compression Based on CMOS Image Sensor Using Predictive Coding

In this paper, a CMOS image sensor(CIS) is proposed, which can accomplish both decorrelation and entropy coding of image compression directly on the focal plane. The design is based on predictive coding for image decorrelation. The predictions are performed in analog domain by 2×2 pixel units. Both the prediction residuals and original pixel values are quantized and encoded in parallel. Since the residuals have a peak distribution around zero,the output codewords can be replaced by the valid part of the residuals' binary mode. The compressed bit stream is accessible directly at the output of CIS without extra disposition. Simulation results show that the proposed approach achieves a compression rate of 2. 2 and PSNR of 51 on different test images.

FCS-MPC for four-switch three-phase AC-DC converters with DC-link capacitor voltage balancing

Due to the decrease in the number of switches for the four-switch three-phase alternating current-direct current(FSTP AC-DC)converter,it can easily lead to DC-link capacitor voltage imbalance and the system stability reduction.In order to solve these problems,a finite control set model predictive control(FCS-MPC)for FSTP AC-DC converters with DC-link capacitor voltage balancing is proposed.In this strategy,in order to facilitate calculation,theαβcoordinate system model is established and all voltage vectors are evaluated by establishing a cost function.During the whole process,phase locked loop(PLL)and complex modulation strategy are not required.In the new established cost function,the additional objective term of suppressing capacitor voltage fluctuation is to eliminate effectively the capacitor voltages oscillations and deviations and improve the system reliability.The simulation results show that the proposed strategy can keep the capacitor voltage balancing and has good dynamic and static performance.

An Introduction Effect Evaluation Tool for Distributed Generators

This paper presents practical distribution system equipment models such as various distributed generators, voltage regulators, and loads for fast three phase unbalanced load flow calculation in distribution systems. The method can calculate voltage and current of distribution systems, in which distributed generators are introduced. The calculation time of the proposed method is about 40 times faster than that of the Newton-Raphson method. Moreover, an introduction effect evaluation tool for distributed generators using the proposed three phase unbalanced load flow calculation is presented. It provides various functions such as a power system network diagram creation function and a voltage profile chart display function. Therefore, the introduction effect evaluation of distributed generators in distribution systems can be evaluated quite easily.

Research on Multi Level Dynamic Voltage Compensator based on MMC

The modular multilevel converter （MMC） is a highly modular, easy to expand; the output voltage waveform is good, especially suitable for application in high voltage power system. This article first introduces the circuit topology and principle of MMC, and the main technical characteristics of MMC. And according to the relationship between the drop power voltage and the load power factor, proposed three working modes of the minimum energy compensation strategy. It is shown that MMC has good application prospect in future medium or high- voltage high power applications, especially be one of candidates for HVDC system application.

Control of Grid Side Converter under Unbalance Voltage Conditions for Variable Speed Wind Turbine

This paper proposes the control of a grid side converter under unbalance voltage conditions for wind turbine system. The control technique is designed to operate under unbalance voltage by independent control between positive and negative components. The converter will regulate the DC link voltage at the specific value （650 V）. To verify an operation of the proposed control, the simulation is conducted by MATLAB/SIMULINK program. The experiments are conducted on a 5 kW system composed of wind turbine simulator, machine side converter and the propose grid side converter for operation under unbalance voltage. By comparing the simulation experimentation results, it can be shown that the proposed control can be continuously operating through an extremely sag voltage without damage. Moreover the proposed control can deliver power to the grid and regulate DC link voltage under unbalance voltage.

河南省档案工作技术革新热火朝天

在党的大搞技术革新和技术革命的号召下,随着工业、农业、交通运输业和文教卫生等各个战线上技术革新和技术革命运动的蓬勃发展,河南省档案工作战线上也出现了以“提高工作效率、减轻体力劳动、加强科学管理”为中心的技术革新高潮。技术革新项目很多,概括起来主要有:整理档案、提供利用、保管案卷、安全设施。

Roles of NHE-1 in the proliferation and apoptosis of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in rats

Objective To evaluate the roles of Na +/H + exchanger-1 (NHE-1)in the proliferation and apoptosis of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in rats. Methods Twenty Wistar rats were randomized into control group and 3-week hypoxic group. Intracellular pH (pHi) of the smooth muscle was determined with fluorescence measurement of the pH-sensitive dye BCECF-AM, and the expression of NHE-1 mRNA was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Primary culture of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in vitro was performed. In situ cell death detection kit (TUNEL) was used for studying the effect of specific NHE-1 inhibitor-dimethyl amiloride (DMA) on the apoptosis of muscle cells which had intracellular acidification. Results pHi value and NHE-1 mRNA expression of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells were significantly higher in the hypoxic group than in the control group (P【0.01, P【0.001). DMA elevated the apoptotic ratio remarkably. The effect was enhanced when DMA concentration increased and the time prolonged.Conclusions With the function of adjusting pHi, NHE-1 may play an important role in the proliferation and apoptosis of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells.

Effect of high temperature annealing on the performance of MANOS charge trapping memory

We have investigated the effect of post deposition annealing (PDA) temperature of Al2O3 blocking layer on the performance of charge trapping memory capacitors. Two splits of PDA were performed in N2 ambient at 850°C/60 s and 1050°C/60 s, respectively. The 1050°C annealed capacitor could be programmed and erased normally by using Fowler-Nordheim (FN) injection. In contrast, the 850°C annealed device could not be erased, even though it could be programmed properly. By measuring the gate leakage current and the flatband voltage shift, we found the erase failure in the 850°C annealed device was due to a larger gate back-injection leakage current at Vg<0. The trend of gate leakage current was further verified in two Al/Al2O3/SiO2/p-Si control capacitors with the same PDA splits. In addition, constant voltage stress measurements on control capacitors in the FN regime showed that the change of gate leakage current followed an empirical Curie-von Schweidler law at Vg<0. The data pointed out the importance to further study the relation between PDA conditions and the defect generation properties in Al2O3 blocking layer.

Experiments and modeling of discharge characteristics in water-mist sprays generated by pressure-swirl atomizers

Pressure-swirl atomizers are often employed to generate a water-mist spray,typically employed in fire suppression.In the present study,an experimental characterization of dispersion(velocity and cone angle)and atomization(drop-size axial evolution)was carried out following a previously developed methodology,with specific reference to the initial region of the spray.Laser-based techniques were used to quantitatively evaluate the considered phenomena:velocity field was reconstructed through a Particle Image Velocimetry analysis;drop-size distribution was measured by a Malvern Spraytec device,highlighting secondary atomization and subsequent coalescence along the spray axis.Moreover,a comprehensive set of relations was validated as predictive of the involved parameters,following an inviscid-fluid approach.The proposed model pertains to early studies on pressure-swirl atomizers and primarily yields to determine both initial velocity and cone angle.The spray thickness is also predicted and a classic correlation for Sauter Mean Diameter is shown to provide good agreement with experimental results.The analysis was carried out at the operative pressure of 80 bar;two injectors were employed featuring different orifice diameters and flow numbers,as a sort of parametric approach to this spray typology.

A positive Buck-Boost voltage balancer for DC distribution system

This paper analyzes the load unbalance problem and voltage fluctuation problem in a 3-wire DC distribution system.It also analyzes a solution to these problems;a positive Buck-Boost voltage balancer is proposed and explored in order to fulfill the requirements of high quality power supply for the loads on its load side.Compared with the conventional balancer,a positive Buck-Boost converter is added to solve the voltage fluctuation problem,and the theories and methods of the voltage balancer are extended to analyze the working principle,derive the design equations,explore the stability,and calculate the efficiency.Both simulations and small power experiments are carried out to verify the validity of the working principle,the topology,and the control strategy.