大辽河灌溉期潮汐特性及压咸水量分析

文章通过对大辽河灌溉期潮汐特性的分析,建立田庄台大桥断面流量与氯化物相关关系,从而定量分析大辽河灌溉期压咸水量。分析表明:田庄台大桥断面的含盐度与水量具有较好的相关度,当流量高于200m3/s时,含盐度低于500mg/L,可以满足灌溉水质要求。

基层施工中压实度与含水量的关系

路面结构中的基层是整个路面结构的重要骨架，它紧密连接路基与面层，起着保护路基及支撑面层传来的荷载的重要作用。因此要求基层的材料要具有足够的强度和较好的水稳性。

宝天曼8种阔叶树木材密度的解剖学决定因素及其与叶性状的协同与权衡

【目的】探究影响木材密度的解剖学机制,揭示茎叶解剖和生理性状的协同与权衡关系,有助于阐明不同树种适应环境的生理生态机制。【方法】选择宝天曼天然林中常见的8种落叶阔叶树,测定木材密度、木质部导管及纤维等解剖性状、叶片压力-容积曲线参数等21个茎叶性状,探究决定木材密度的解剖学性状,分析茎叶性状的协同和权衡关系。【结果】1) 8个树种的木材密度与组成木质部的导管、薄壁组织和纤维组织这3大组织的比例都不相关,更多受到纤维细胞性状的影响。2)对木材密度影响最大的木质部性状是纤维细胞腔占横截面的比例,其次是纤维细胞壁占纤维细胞的比例、纤维细胞壁厚与腔直径比、纤维细胞壁厚度等性状。3)木材密度与叶片单叶面积、失膨压时相对含水量和弹性模量呈负相关。4)失膨压时相对含水量与导管水力直径、最大导管直径、平均导管直径、纤维细胞腔面积、纤维细胞腔直径呈正相关;与导管密度、纤维细胞壁厚与腔直径比、纤维细胞壁占横截面比例呈负相关。【结论】木材密度主要由纤维细胞性状决定,而非导管和薄壁组织性状;高的叶片忍耐失水能力耦合于致密的茎纤维细胞和木材密度。

珞珈山粘土压缩性的试验研究

对武汉大学珞珈山粘土完成了15组不同含水量和压实度的室内压缩试验,分析了压实度、压实含水量及压实土体的饱和状态三因素对粘性填土压缩性能的影响,并通过压实土体结构方面的理论对其影响机理进行了阐释:这三方面因素主要是通过对土体结构及土中的基质吸力产生影响从而影响到土体的压缩变形性。试验表明,压实度和压实含水量均是在一定的应力范围内对粘性填土的压缩变形性能产生影响,在最优含水量附近粘性填土的压缩变形随着压实度的减小、压实含水量的增大而增大;压实土体浸水饱和后的压缩变形远大于饱和前的变形,压实含水量大的土体在其它条件相同的条件下因饱和引起的压缩变形小于压实含水量小的土体。

煤层气开发L型井水平井排采工程的研究

研究L型水平井的举升系统选型以及排采生产制度的设计,形成举升系统选型的方法,建立排采生产制度的设计模型;以在排采的L型水平井生产工程、煤粉形态为依据,总结L型井各排采举升系统的优劣势;从排采过程管控的重点与难点进行分析,研究L型水平井排采生产制度的动态设计,建立“区块生产制度”,单井“差异化生产制度”实现区块产能目标最大化。

松软煤层水力压裂有效半径影响范围主控因素分析

水力压裂是提高煤层透气性系数的有效途径之一。为了确定松软低透气性煤层压裂水量、压裂时间与其有效半径三者之间的关系,通过数值模拟、现场试验发现:当压裂水量为固定值时,有效半径随着压裂时间的增加而稳定增大,二者呈非线性正比例关系;当压裂时间为固定值时,有效半径随着压裂水量的增加呈非线性增大,二者正相关。通过回归分析建立了压裂水量、压裂时间与有效半径的数学关系,得到新景矿3号煤层水力压裂水量与有效半径的拟合关系式,采用试验区域的煤层含水率、瓦斯含量参数进行了考察验证;当压裂水量为73.79 m^(3)时,水力压裂有效半径为51 m左右,压裂时间相对最优。

谈长距离大管道严密性水压试验

结合城市热网管道的建设,探讨了长距离大管道安装后怎样进行水压试验的问题,阐述了理论计算过程和严密性水压试验方法,总结了在太原集中供热二电工程14 km管网主干线严密性试验的成功经验。

谈集装箱船压载水管理与操作

近年来,随着超大型集装箱船不断投入使用,船舶所携压载水污染港口水域日趋突出,已经被全球环境基金组织确认为危害海洋的四大威胁之一,也引起各港口国政府和有关当局的重视。

护壁堵漏水泥浆的改性与灌注问题的探讨

对地质岩心钻探用水泥浆护壁堵漏处理中水泥浆的灌注和改性的工艺技术作了初步的分折,并对存在的问题特别是灌注水泥浆的压水量问题作了探讨。

Water content and modulus relationship of a compacted unsaturated soil

In order to assess the performance of the embankment soil under various climate conditions during the period of service, the modulus behaviour of an unsaturated compacted soil is evaluated using the constant water content triaxial test. Since the water content measurement method is simple and economical and it is used widely in engineering, the soil suction is replaced by the water content and the relationship between the water content and the modulus is developed. The compacted samples are prepared with different compacted water contents, and samples with a similar water content subjected to drying or wetting procedures prior to the triaxial test are also investigated. The effect of the water content and the confining pressure on the modulus is analyzed. The results show that the modulus decreases with the increase in the water content and a power function can be proposed to quantitatively describe the relationship between the modulus and the water content in the range of the measured water content. The modulus increases with the increase in the confining pressure of the compacted soil. However, the effect of the water content on the modulus is more pronounced than that of the confining pressure. This research can be referenced for the compacted embankment soil assessment in-service period.

滨北地区黑鱼泡凹陷沉积水文地质阶段的水交替强度

通过对滨北地区黑鱼泡凹陷沉积水文地质阶段沉积压实排水量的计算，探讨了沉积压实排水曲线的意义及其在研究沉积水文地质阶段水动力条件的应用。计算结果表明，不同地质时期不同组段地层的沉积压实排水量差异较大，导致这种差异主要与各组段地层厚度及其上覆地层厚度有关，与沉积压实曲线有关。依据各地质时期压实排水量的大小可以计算不同沉积水文地质阶段的水交替次数，并判断不同地质时期的水动力强度。滨北地区黑鱼泡凹陷鱼深１井青山口组的排水量在嫩江组初期达到最大，至明水组时期达到第二个排水高峰，说明在上述两个时期青山口组及其上下地层的沉积水交替作用最强。这对该时期黑鱼泡凹陷青山口组油气的运移起到重要作用。

Creation method for bi-level positive airway pressure based on pressure and flow feedback

An airway pressure and flow data acquisition system is developed to investigate the approach to building the bi-level positive airway pressure BiPAP in a ventilator.A number of experiments under different breathing situations and states are conducted and the experimental data are recorded.According to the data from these experiments the variation characteristics of the pressure and flow are analyzed using Matlab. The data analysis results show that the pressure increases while the flow decreases in the expiratory phase contrarily the pressure decreases while the flow increases in the inspiratory phase during the apnea state both the pressure and the flow remain unchanged. According to the above variation characteristics of breath a feedback-based method for creating bi-level positive airway pressure is proposed. Experiments are implemented to verify the BiPAP model. Results demonstrate that the proposed method works effectively in following respiration and caters well to most polypnea and apnea events.

标准钢瓶标定试验及全变形值计算探讨

介绍了通过内测法测量标准瓶在不同压力下的进水量,运用回归分析法和“气瓶水压试验方法”(GB T9251—1997)标准中的全变形值计算公式,分析计算标准钢瓶在不同压力状态下的全变形值。

Input characteristics and risk analysis of ballast water from offshore entry ships in China

Large quantities of ballast water discharge from ocean going ships in sea ports of China is one of the important factorswhich cause the spread of aquatic nonindigenous harmful species isolated geographically by waters,the deteriorating environment of the near-shore water area and the frequent outbreaks of red tides.In this paper,the total amount of the ballast water input estimation model for entry ships in Chinese ports was established.The information of foreign trade shipping and the import and export goods released publicly by the State Department of Transportation and the State General Administration of Customs were investigated.And then,the input features and its ecological environment risk of ballast water in China's offshore entry ships from2007to2012were analyzed based on the established total input amounts of ballast water from entry ships to Chinese sea ports together with the ballast water input ratio of the five major port-groups in China.The results show that:the total ballast water input amounts from entry ships of the five major port-groups in China are extremely imbalanced.The most developed Yangtze River Delta in economy has the biggest total ballast water input amounts,103.61million tons in2012.The second is the Circum-Bohai Sea Region(73.66million tons)and the third is the Pearl River Delta(67.24million tons).The total ballast water input amounts of the northwest and the southwest coastal areas are less,only16.57and5.71million tons respectively.The large quantity of entry ships’ballast water discharge has been an enormous threat to ecological environment of our country's sea areas,especially to economically developed regions.

2900t举力半潜驳总体设计

本文主要介绍了2 900 t举力半潜驳的总体概况以及主尺度的选取因素,并从稳性的角度出发,提出 了减少压载水总量、缩短进排水时间的措施。

Pulsating hydraulic fracturing technology in low permeability coal seams

Based on the difficult situation of gas drainage in a single coal bed of high gas content and low perme- ability, we investigate the technology of pulsating hydraulic pressure relief, the process of crank plunger movement and the mechanism of pulsating pressure formation using theoretical research, mathematical modeling and field testing. We analyze the effect of pulsating pressure on the formation and growth of fractures in coal by using the pulsating hydraulic theory in hydraulics. The research results show that the amplitude of fluctuating pressure tends to increase in the case where the exit is blocked, caused by pulsating pressure reflection and frictional resistance superposition, and it contributes to the growth of fractures in coal. The crack initiation pressure of pulsating hydraulic fracturing is 8 MPa, which is half than that of normal hydraulic fracturing; the pulsating hydraulic fracturing influence radius reaches 8 m. The total amount of gas extraction is increased by 3.6 times, and reaches 50 LJmin at the highest point. The extraction flow increases greatly, and is 4 times larger than that of drilling without fracturing and 1.2 times larger than that of normal hydraulic fracturing. The technology provides a technical measure for gas drainage of high gas content and low permeability in the single coal bed.

Strength and energy exchange of deep sandstone under high hydraulic conditions

To investigate the influence of confining pressure and pore water pressure on strength characteristics,energy storage state and energy release intensity at peak failure of deep sandstone,a series of triaxial compression tests under hydraulic coupling conditions are carried out.By analyzing the process of rock deformation and failure,the stress thresholds of the rock are obtained.The change trend of total energy density,elastic energy density and dissipated energy density of deep sandstone in the pre-peak stage is obtained by the graphical integration method.By comparing the dynamic energy storage level of rocks under different confining pressures,the influence of pore water pressure on the energy dissipation at stress thresholds of crack closure stress,crack initiation stress,crack damage stress and peak stress is analyzed.Based on the ratio of pre-peak total energy density to post-peak total energy density,the interaction mechanism of confining pressure and pore water pressure for the rock burst proneness of deep sandstone is studied.The experimental results show that the peak stress of sandstone increases with the increase of confining pressure,while the existence of pore water pressure can weaken the peak stress of sandstone.In the stress stage from crack closure stress to peak stress,the dynamic energy storage level of rock presents a trend of the inverse“check mark”.Meanwhile,the larger the confining pressure,the higher the energy storage level of rock.However,the pore water pressure increases the degree of energy dissipation of rock and reduces the energy storage capacity of rock,and the degree of dissipation is linear with pore water pressure.The increase of confining pressure aggravates the instability and failure of deep sandstone,while pore water pressure has the opposite effect.The research results will provide necessary data support for the stability analysis of rock mass excavation in sandstone stratum under high stress and high pore water pressure.

Variation characteristics of aquifer parameters induced by groundwater source heat pump operation under variable flow

The variation characteristics of aquifer parameters,induced by groundwater source heat pump(GWSHP) operation under variable flow,were theoretically analyzed through a case study,in which the characteristics of building air conditioning load were considered.The results,compared with the constant flow operation,indicate that the influence on the variations of porosity,hydraulic conductivity and confined water head is decreased by 48%,51% and 71%,respectively,under variable flow operation.The security of variable flow operation is superior to that of constant flow.It is also concluded that the climate region and function of the buildings are primary factors which affect the suitability of variable flow operation in GWSHP.

Stability Analysing of Unsaturated Soil Slope

The stability of unsaturated soil slope has been the hot point recently. Especially, the seeping rainfall makes losing stability of unsaturated soil slope, and causes enormous loss to the producation and safety of other people. The seeping rainfall makes volumetric water content of unsaturated soil slope changing, and the volumetric water content has directly relationship with matric suction. And matric suction also has directly relationship with the stability of unsaturated soil slope. So the change of matric suction influence the stability changing, that is, safety coefficient has decided relationship with volumetric water content. The profile of dangerous volumetric water content curves of unsaturated soil slope has been obtained. If a volumetric water content curve of some unsaturated soil slope belongs to one of these dongerous curves, the unsaturated soil slope could be in danger. So this is called DVWCCP(dangerous volumetric water content curves profile). By monitoring the volumetric water content curves can obtain the stability information of some soil slope to serve producing and safety.

Assessment of strength development in cement-admixed artificial organic soil with GX07

To explore the stabilization effect of stabilizing agent GX07 on treating organic soil and the influence of organic matter on the strength development of stabilized soil,artificial organic soil with various organic matter content was obtained by adding different amounts of fulvic acid into non-organic clay,and then liquid-plastic limit tests were carried out on the artificial organic soil.Meanwhile,unconfined compressive strength(UCS) tests were performed on cement-only soil and composite stabilized soil,respectively.The test results indicate that the plastic limit of soil samples increases linearly,and the liquid limit increases exponentially as the organic matter content increases.The strength of stabilized soil is well correlated with the organic matter content,cement content,stabilizing agent content and curing time.When the organic matter content is 6%,as the cement content varies in the range of 10%-20%,the strength of cement-only soil increases from 88.5 to 280.8 kPa.Once 12.6% GX07 is added into the mix,the strength of stabilized soil is 4.93 times compared with that of cement-only soil.GX07 can obviously improve the strength of cemented-soil and has a good economic applicability.A strength model is proposed to predict strength development.