自然与饱水状态下深部斜长角闪岩蠕变特性

通过金川深部斜长角闪岩单轴压缩蠕变实验,选取典型蠕变曲线,发现该岩石黏弹性、黏塑性变形较瞬时变形偏小,卸载后弹性后效不显著。在5.1 MPa轴向应力下,自然状态的岩样近似纯弹性特征。饱水状态下岩样瞬时强度σ′b和长期强度σ′∞总体低于自然状态,且σ′∞已接近深部高地应力,因此,对于深部节理、裂隙很发育的岩体,应特别注意巷道排水,防止围岩因长期强度降低而导致巷道变形和破坏。自然与饱水状态下岩样瞬时弹性应变εme、瞬时塑性应变εmp随应力增大而增加,但增速逐渐放缓,饱水状态下塑性变形更显著;相同应力下,饱水状态岩样蠕变量大于自然状态,应变速率也总体快于自然状态,2种状态的蠕变速率在20~30 h时都逐渐稳定,且速率曲线随应力增大,微裂隙压密,彼此逐渐靠近,岩样处于相对硬化阶段;当轴向应力达到66.3 MPa后,饱水状态蠕变速率有相对加速趋势,速率曲线随应力增大先往左下移动,再朝右上移动,而自然状态蠕变速率曲线总体向右上移动。最后,通过蠕变数据分析,推导γ=ασk型经验方程,对蠕变试验数据进行回归拟合,拟合结果证明该蠕变经验模型的正确性。金川矿区斜长角闪岩蠕变实验研究为分析深部巷道该类围岩流变稳定性及支护方案优化等提供有效帮助。

沥青混合料黏塑性变形的不同形式描述

分析了沥青混合料的变形组成,提出了包含弹塑性、黏弹性和黏塑性变形分量的本构框架,采用3种不同方式描述其黏塑性变形,分别得到相应的黏弹塑性本构模型:模型1——假定黏塑性应力与蠕变加速度成正比;模型2——假定黏性系数是加载时间函数;模型3——假定黏塑性应变满足应变硬化定律;进行试样在0.10,0.15,0.20,0.25和0.30 MPa应力下单轴压缩蠕变实验,求得模型参数,对比研究了模型预测值和实验值。研究表明:较低应力下3种模型完整反映了沥青混合料压缩蠕变的整个过程;在较高应力时,模型2预测值与实验结果吻合最好,模型1次之,模型3预测初始蠕变效果最差。

Integrated identification method of rheological model of sandstone in Sanmenxia bauxite

Based on the uniaxial compression creep experiments conducted on bauxite sandstone obtained from Sanmenxia,typical creep experiment curves were obtained.From the characteristics of strain component of creep curves,the creep strain is composed of instantaneous elastic strain,ε（me）,instantaneous plastic strain,ε（mp）,viscoelastic strain,ε（ce）,and viscoplastic strain,ε（cp）.Based on the characteristics of instantaneous plastic strain,a new element of instantaneous plastic rheology was introduced,instantaneous plastic modulus was defined,and the modified Burgers model was established.Then identification of direct screening method in this model was completed.According to the mechanical properties of rheological elements,one- and three-dimensional creep equations in different stress levels were obtained.One-dimensional model parameters were identified by the method of least squares,and in the process of computation,Gauss-Newton iteration method was applied.Finally,by fitting the experimental curves,the correctness of direct method model was verified,then the examination of posterior exclusive method of the model was accomplished.The results showed that in the improved Burgers models,the rheological characteristics of sandstone are embodied properly,microscopic analysis of creep curves is also achieved,and the correctness of comprehensive identification method of rheological model is verified.

Triaxial mechanical creep behavior of sandstone

Based on laboratory results of time-dependent mechanical behavior tests,we investigated short-term and mechanical creep behavior of sandstone,observed in conventional triaxial compression experiments at room temperature,using a servo-controlled rheology testing machine.Given our short-term experimental test results,we confirmed deviatoric creep stress levels of sandstone.Multiple deviatoric stress levels were applied in steps to each sample.Each deviatoric stress level before the final failed deviatoric stress was maintained for 48 h or longer.Time-dependent variations of axial strains of sandstone samples are discussed and evaluated.During the creep tests,complete tertiary creep curves of sandstone were observed under failed deviatoric stress levels with different confining pressures.Slices of coal in sandstone samples can lead to distinct tertiary creep deformation failure.

Experimental study on creep of high-performance concretes

In order to investigate the compression creep of two kinds of high-performance concrete mixtures used for prestressed members in a bridge,an experimental test under laboratory conditions was carried out.Based on the experimental results,a power exponent function was used to model the creep degree of these high-performance concretes(HPCs) for structural numerical analysis,and two series parameters of this function for the HPCs were given with the optimum method of evolution program.The experimental data were compared with CEB-FIP 90 and ACI 92 models.Results show that the two code models both overestimate the creep degree of two HPCs,so it is recommended that the power exponent function should be used for the creep analysis of bridge structure.

Visco-elastoplastic damage constitutive model for compressed asphalt mastic

In order to describe the three-stage creep behavior of compressed asphalt mastic, a visco-elastoplastic damage constitutive model is proposed in this work. The model parameters are treated as quadratic polynomial functions with respect to stress and temperature. A series of uniaxial compressive creep experiments are performed at various stress and temperature conditions in order to determine these parameter functions, and then the proposed model is validated by comparison between the predictions and experiments at the other loading conditions. It is shown that very small permanent deformation at low stress and temperature increases rapidly with elevated stress or temperature and the damage may initiate in the stationary stage but mainly develops in the accelerated stage. Compared with the visco-elastoplastic models without damage, the predictions from the proposed model is in better agreement with the experiments, and can better capture the rate-dependency in creep responses of asphalt mastic especially below its softening point of 47 ℃