市场分割的不良影响及打破分割的政策措施

市场分割是产生垄断的重要原因之一。其表现为产品市场、投资市场和资本市场的地区分割。地方和部门利益为市场分割提供了动力，政企不分和管办不分为实行市场分割提供了能力。市场分割在宏观上阻碍了国内统一竞争有序市场的建立，削弱了宏观调控的力度；在产业发展上，割裂了产业联系，延缓了产业演进；在企业管理上，抵消了企业低成本、差异化战略的发挥。打破分割必须完善分税制，建立科学的政绩考核制度，实现政企分开，加快市场立法，树立市场执法的权威。

浮顶罐大修故障分析及改进措施

介绍了中洛输油管道濮阳站 3座 10 4 m3浮顶油罐的大修情况 ,并针对其大修中存在的罐底板腐蚀、罐壁结蜡、中央排水管堵塞和消防管道腐蚀脱落等现象 ,提出了加强边缘板保护 ,改进刮蜡机构 ,增设阴极保护和自动排水装置 。

浅谈职务犯罪的原因和预防

本文具体分析了职务犯罪产生的原因,着重全面阐述了坚持标本兼治,教育是基础,法律是保证,监督是关键的要求,真正从源头上预防和治理职务犯罪。

Analysis of Flesh Thickness of Summer Squash by Using Mixed Major Genes and Polygene Inheritance Model

[Objective]The aim was to study the inheritance of flesh thickness,so as to provide a theoretical basis for breeding of thicker-flesh summer squash variety.[Method]Using mixed major genes and polygene inheritance model,a joint analysis of six generations from two crosses q-1×23-4G（Cross 1）and q-1×A-7（Cross 2）was conducted to investigate the inheritance of the flesh thickness of summer squash.[Result]The results showed that the flesh thickness was controlled by D-2 model（a pair of additive major genes plus additive-dominant polygene）;genetic effect of flesh thickness in the two crosses was mainly the dominant effect of polygene.Heritability values of the genes of F2 generation were relatively low,while the environmental effect was great.[Conclusion]To flesh thickness,the method of individual selection on high separated generations was effective in the breeding of summer squash with thick flesh.

Influence of main site factors on Fraxinus mandshurica (Oleaceae) plantation

the investigation was carried out on 10-year-old plantation of Fraxinus mandshurica in Mao抏r Mountain Experimental Station of Northeast Forest University. Tree height (H), diameter at breast height (D1.3) and the increment of tree height in 5 years (H5), the thickness of humus layer, as well as the soil moisture were measured for the plantation and the growth indexes (H, D1.3, H5) for different site conditions were analyzed. The results showed that main site factors influencing the growth of Fraxinus mandshurica were soil moisture, gradient and location of slope in order. The growth of Fraxinus mandshurica was better on the middle- or up-slope site than on the down-slope site. Soil moisture and late frost caused by terrain are the main reasons that limit the growth of Fraxinus mandshurica plantation.

浅谈黄河断流问题

浅谈黄河断流问题史瑛珉（西北电管局，西安，７１００３２）近年来，在报纸、刊物和电视上多次报道过黄河断流情况。笔者深为震动，曾陪同有关专业人员赴下游断流河段调查访问，了解情况，并查阅有关领导人和专家学者对黄河断流问题所发表的谈话和专题论文，收益匪浅。同...

Hypertrophic cardiornyopathy: from gene defect to clinical disease

Major advances have been made over the last decade in our understanding of the molecular basis ofseveral cardiac conditions. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) was the first cardiac disorder in whicha genetic basis was identified and as such, has acted as a paradigm for the study of an inherited cardiacdisorder. HCM can result in clinical symptoms ranging from no symptoms to severe heart failure andpremature sudden death. HCM is the commonest cause of sudden death in those aged less than 35 years,including competitive athletes. At least ten genes have now been identified, defects in which cause HCM.All of these genes encode proteins which comprise the basic contractile unit of the heart, i.e. the sarcomere.While much is now known about which genes cause disease and the various clinical presentations, very littleis known about how these gene defects cause disease, and what factors modify the expression of the mutantgenes. Studies in both cell culture and animal models of HCM are now beginning to shed light on thesignalling pathways involved in HCM, and the role of both environmental and genetic modifying factors.Understanding these mechanisms will ultimately improve our knowledge of the basic biology of heart musclefunction, and will therefore provide new avenues for treating cardiovascular disease in man.

STUDY ON OBESITY RELATED FACTORS: FFA, LEPTIN AND ADIPONECTIN IN SUBJECTS WITH VARYING GLUCOSE TOLERANCE

Objective To study the fasting serum levels of obesity related factors: FFA, leptin and adi-ponectin in subjects with varying glucose tolerance and their relationship with BMI, insulin sensitivity index and isletbeta-cell function. Methods Serum levels of FFA, leptin and adiponectin in 24 normal, 32 simple obese, 34IGT and 36 T2DM subjects were measured by ACS-ACOD assay or RIA. Results The serum levels of leptin andFFA in three groups:simple obese, IGT and DM were much higher than those in normal control (P <0. 001). Incontrast, serum level of adiponectin of simple obese, IGT and DM groups were significant lower than that of normalcontrol, among them DM subjects had the lowest level (P <0. 001). Correlation analysis showed that FFA was pos-itively correlated to BMI, WHR, FBG, fasting insulin level and negatively correlated to SI; adiponectin was negativelycorrelated to BMI, WHR, FBG, PBG, but positively correlated to SI and AIRg; and leptin was positively correlated toBMI, fasting insulin and AIRg when negatively correlated to FBG and SI. None of them was correlated to age.Conclusion Subjects with insulin resistance have high serum FFA and leptin levels but low serum adiponectin level.With the glucose tolerance deterioration, serum FFA level increases much higher while the adiponectin deceases muchlower. Unlike insulin, none of these obesity related factors can be used as the simple indicating or determining factorof SI, though each of them, to different extent, takes part in the development of insulin resistance.

Kill probability modeling of multi-purpose guided missile against gunship and its application

Aimed at current deficiencies of multi-purpose guided missile kill probability model against gunship, the concept of the important coefficient of vulnerability blade unit is proposed in this paper. Laser fuze actuation model and warhead condition kill probability model of rotor blades are established by Monte Carlo method and kinetics theory with new ideas. Based on limited data, armor thickness of gunship is estimated, and a complete multi-purpose guided missile kill probability mathematical model is established, which provides necessary mathematical tool for the accurate and objective analysis of multi-purpose guided missile kill probability against gunship. Based on the establishment of the model, sensitivity analysis and optimal design of the main factors of multi-purpose guided missile kill probability are conducted, and the results show that the single multi-purpose guided missile lethality performance can be improved significantly by sensitivity analysis and optimization.

Reciprocal Effects of Plant-Soil Relationships at Two Spatial Scales in a Semiarid Land of Central Mexico

We studied the influence of soil heterogeneity on plant community structure in a semiarid region of Central Mexico using Bray-Curtis Ordination. The results showed that some edaphic factors, such as soil depth, organic matter, and potassium and calcium content, explained 80% of the total variation in structure of the studied communities. We found that soil resources were heterogeneously distributed in the study area, indicating that the edaphic variables considered in this study explain the existing plant community variability, moreover the presence of some shrubs as Krameria cytisoides influences the soil properties, suggesting that there is a reciprocal effect between plant and soil.

Genetic Association Study of KCNB1 Gene with the Susceptibility of Hypertension Related LVH （Left Ventricular Hypertrophy） Patients in Malaysia

LVH （Left ventricular hypertrophy） is an independent risk factor for the development of heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias and stroke. A recent genome-wide association study reported the involvement of a candidate gene namely KCNBI in mechanism for development of LVH in hypertension. This study aimed to replicate the finding by investigating the genetic association of KCNBI gene among the hypertensive LVH patients from Malaysia. We genotyped a SNP （single nucleotide polymorphism） located in KCNBI namely, rs6063397 among 200 subjects consisting of61 LVH and 139 non LVH patients using Sanger sequencing method. Statistical analysis revealed no significant association between the L VH susceptibility between the allele and genotype frequencies （P = 0.2719 and 0.4768, respectively）. This finding suggests that KCNBI may not playa role in LVH susceptibility in hypertensive patients in Southeast Asian populations.

Calcineurin signalling mechanisms in myocardial hypertrophy

Calcineurin dephosphorylates multiple serine residues near the N terminus of NFAT proteins enabling them to translocate from cytoplasm to nucleus, where they activate a subset of hypertrophic response genes. Transgenic mice over-expressing a constitu- tively active form of calcineurin or NFAT3, developed obviously hypertrophy and heart failure or sudden death proving its pathogenic role. Here we used literatures on MEDLINE （2000-2011）, systematically reviewed the new development of calcineurin signaling pathway in myocardial hypertrophy

On three-dimensional stress analysis of periodic notched plates under tension

By using the finite element method,three-dimensional models of a number of periodic blunt and sharp notches subjected to tension loading are investigated.The aim of this research is to investigate the thickness effect on the location of maximum stress and notch stress intensity factor(NSIF)of corresponding blunt and sharp periodic notches respectively.With this aim,different number of periodic notches as well as different notch opening angles are examined.While for two-dimensional plates weakened by periodic notches some results are available in the literature,this paper first faces the problem of three-dimensional cases.A total of about 100 geometrical configurations are investigated.It is found that,the effect of plate thickness of periodic notched components can be characterized by the relative value with respect to the depth of the notch(H/t).For the blunt periodic notches with relatively higher values of H/t ratio,the value of the maximum tensile stress is located near the free surface.On the contrary for lower values of H/t,it is placed at the middle plane.The same behaviour is observed for sharp periodic notches in terms of notch stress intensity factors.

Effects of linagliptin on inflammatory factors and arteriosclerosis in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus

In the present study,we aimed to investigate the effects of linagliptin on inflammatory factors and carotid intima-media thickness(CIMT)in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM)patients with carotid atherosclerotic disease(CAD).A total of 326 patients with newly diagnosed T2 DM complicated with CAD were randomly divided into two groups.There were 163 patients in the control group,who were treated with metformin monotherapy.There were 163 patients in the experimental group,who were treated with metformin in combination with linagliptin.The CIMT before and after treatment was measured by color Doppler ultrasound,and the contents of IL-6 and IL-1βbefore and after treatment were detected by ELISA.The levels of inflammatory factors and CIMT before and after treatment were compared between the two groups,and the correlation between IL-6,IL-1βand CIMT was studied.After 24 weeks of treatment,the levels of inflammatory factors and CIMT in the experimental group were significantly lower compared with the control group(P<0.01),and the serum levels of IL-6 and IL-1βwere positively correlated with CIMT.In the present study,we concluded that linagliptin could improve the levels of inflammatory factors and CIMT in newly diagnosed T2 DM patients with CAD,and IL-6 and IL-1βmight participate in the occurrence and development of CAD by influencing CIMT.