Disaster weather forecasting is becoming increasingly important. In this paper, the trajectories of Mesoscale Convective Systems （MCSs） were automatically tracked over the Chinese Tibetan Plateau using Geostationary...Disaster weather forecasting is becoming increasingly important. In this paper, the trajectories of Mesoscale Convective Systems （MCSs） were automatically tracked over the Chinese Tibetan Plateau using Geostationary Meteorological Satellite （GMS） brightness temperature （Tbb） from June to August 1998, and the MCSs are classified according to their movement direction. Based on these, spatial data mining methods are used to study the relationships between MCSs trajectories and their environmental physical field values. Results indicate that at 400hPa level, the trajectories of MCSs moving across the 105°E boundary are less influenced by water vapor flux divergence, vertical wind velocity, reIative humidity and K index. In addition, if the gravity central longitude locations of MCSs are between 104°E and 105°E, then geopotential height and wind divergence are two main factors in movement causation. On the other hand, at 500hPa level, the trajectories of MCSs in a north-east direction are mainly influenced by K index and water vapor flux divergence when their central locations are less than 104°E. However, the MCSs moving in an east and south-east direction are influenced by a few correlation factors at this level.展开更多
Three alcohol/water-soluble porphyrins, Zn-TPyPMeI： zinc（II） meso-tetra（N-methyl-4-pyridyl） porphyrin tetra-iodide, Zn- TPyPAdBr： zinc（II） meso-tetra[1-（1-adamantylmethyl ketone）-4-pyridyl] porphyrin tetra-b...Three alcohol/water-soluble porphyrins, Zn-TPyPMeI： zinc（II） meso-tetra（N-methyl-4-pyridyl） porphyrin tetra-iodide, Zn- TPyPAdBr： zinc（II） meso-tetra[1-（1-adamantylmethyl ketone）-4-pyridyl] porphyrin tetra-bromide and MnC1-TPyPAdBr： man- ganese（III） meso-tetra[1-（1-adamantylmethyl ketone）-4-pyridyl] porphyrin tetra-bromide were employed as cathode interlayers to fabricate polymer solar cells （PSCs）. The PCvaBM （[6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester） and PCDTBT （poly[N-9＂- hepta-decanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-（4＇,7＇-di-2-thienyl-2＇,3＇-benzothiadiazole）]）-blend films were used as active layers in polymer solar cells （PSCs）. The PSCs with alcohol/water-soluble porphyrins interlayer showed obviously higher power con- version efficiency （PCE） than those without interlayers. The highest PCE, 6.86%, was achieved for the device with MnCl- TPyPAdBr as an interlayer. Ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopic （UPS）, carrier mobility, atomic force microscopy （AFM） and contact angle （0） characterizations demonstrated that the porphyrin molecules can result in the formation of interfacial dipole layer between active layer and cathode. The interfacial dipole layer can obviously improve the open-circuit voltage （Voc） and charge extraction, and sequentially lead to the increase of PCE.展开更多
文摘Disaster weather forecasting is becoming increasingly important. In this paper, the trajectories of Mesoscale Convective Systems （MCSs） were automatically tracked over the Chinese Tibetan Plateau using Geostationary Meteorological Satellite （GMS） brightness temperature （Tbb） from June to August 1998, and the MCSs are classified according to their movement direction. Based on these, spatial data mining methods are used to study the relationships between MCSs trajectories and their environmental physical field values. Results indicate that at 400hPa level, the trajectories of MCSs moving across the 105°E boundary are less influenced by water vapor flux divergence, vertical wind velocity, reIative humidity and K index. In addition, if the gravity central longitude locations of MCSs are between 104°E and 105°E, then geopotential height and wind divergence are two main factors in movement causation. On the other hand, at 500hPa level, the trajectories of MCSs in a north-east direction are mainly influenced by K index and water vapor flux divergence when their central locations are less than 104°E. However, the MCSs moving in an east and south-east direction are influenced by a few correlation factors at this level.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2014CB643500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51273077,51173065)
文摘Three alcohol/water-soluble porphyrins, Zn-TPyPMeI： zinc（II） meso-tetra（N-methyl-4-pyridyl） porphyrin tetra-iodide, Zn- TPyPAdBr： zinc（II） meso-tetra[1-（1-adamantylmethyl ketone）-4-pyridyl] porphyrin tetra-bromide and MnC1-TPyPAdBr： man- ganese（III） meso-tetra[1-（1-adamantylmethyl ketone）-4-pyridyl] porphyrin tetra-bromide were employed as cathode interlayers to fabricate polymer solar cells （PSCs）. The PCvaBM （[6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester） and PCDTBT （poly[N-9＂- hepta-decanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-（4＇,7＇-di-2-thienyl-2＇,3＇-benzothiadiazole）]）-blend films were used as active layers in polymer solar cells （PSCs）. The PSCs with alcohol/water-soluble porphyrins interlayer showed obviously higher power con- version efficiency （PCE） than those without interlayers. The highest PCE, 6.86%, was achieved for the device with MnCl- TPyPAdBr as an interlayer. Ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopic （UPS）, carrier mobility, atomic force microscopy （AFM） and contact angle （0） characterizations demonstrated that the porphyrin molecules can result in the formation of interfacial dipole layer between active layer and cathode. The interfacial dipole layer can obviously improve the open-circuit voltage （Voc） and charge extraction, and sequentially lead to the increase of PCE.
