过度自信对原制造商与第三方再制造商产量竞争的影响研究

运用Stackelberg博弈理论探究了原制造商与第三方再制造商的产量竞争问题,推导和比较了再制造商对随机再制造产率的认知完全理性、过度精确以及同时过高估计和过度精确三种情形下的博弈均衡解和利润,进而分析过度自信程度和再制造产率离散系数平方的影响。研究结果表明,三种情形下再制造产率离散系数平方的增加均将使再制造商利润降低,相反原制造商利润提高;再制造商过度精确情形下过度自信程度的增加将使原制造商利润受损,而在双重过度自信情形下原制造商可能从再制造商的过度自信中获益;再制造商的过度精确对原制造商最为不利,而再制造商保持完全理性对自身最优。

原制造商与第三方再制造商知识产权共享路径研究--再制造产业有序快速发展视角

研究原制造商和第三方再制造商知识产权共享路径,协调双方知识产权关系,推动再制造产业有序快速发展。从经济和法律两个角度研究废旧产品中含有的知识产权归属问题,理顺原制造商和再制造商的知识产权关系;构建原制造商对再制造商进行知识产权许可的博弈模型,研究如何促进原制造商同意对再制造商进行知识产权许可和吸引再制造商从事再制造行为;构建再制造商向原制造商缴纳知识产权使用费的博弈模型,研究如何促进再制造商同意向原制造商缴纳知识产权使用费。最后,提出了原制造商和再制造商之间的知识产权共享路径,制定了动态的知识产权保护力度原则,为双方实现正向协同效应提供指导,推动再制造产业有序快速发展。

造纸法再造烟叶及其原纸的制造工艺与特性简介

就造纸法再造烟叶及其原纸的生产所用原料特征、主要生产工艺和特性,作一简要介绍。

一种面向循环经济的先进制造模式—再制造

本文分析了再制造的内涵、关键六工序以及在我国的三个发展阶段。重点研究再制造与原制造和维修的关系,指出再制造并非是二者的简单升级,而是高于原制造和维修的先进的绿色的全新的制造模式,是发展循环经济的重要技术支撑。

政府率规制对再制造竞争的影响

为了解决原制造商和第三方再制造商在政府率规制下的再制造市场竞争问题,运用动态模型分析了市场稳定状态下影响政府率规制的关键因素。研究了不同率规制下再制造产量、原制造商与第三方再制造商的再制造积极性和利润变化等问题。研究表明,率规制受到企业有效回收率和消费者价格感知的影响;政府率规制越严格,原制造商越会选择降低新产品产量来减少回收再制造责任;政府率规制越严格,对市场中再制造产品的刺激效果越弱,且会抑制第三方再制造企业的生产积极性;原制造商的再制造利润始终随政府率规制的升高而增大;原制造商的再制造利润始终随消费者价格感知的提高而减小;第三方再制造商的再制造利润随政府率规制的提高先减小后增大。在政府率规制相同的情况下,第三方再制造商的再制造利润随消费者价格感知值的提高而增大。

Coating titanium on carbon steel by in-situ electrochemical reduction of solid TiO_2 layer

Ti coating on A3 steel was successfully prepared by direct electrochemical reduction of high-velocity oxy-fuel （HVOF） thermally sprayed and room-temperature dip-coating titanium dioxide coating on A3 steel in molten CaCl2 at 850 ℃. The interfacial microstructure and mutual diffusion between coating and steel substrate were investigated using scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dispersive X-ray （EDX） spectroscopy. The results show that the precursory TiO2 coating prepared by HVOF has closer contact and better adhesion with the A3 steel substrate. After electrolysis, all of the electro-generated Ti coatings show intact contact with the substrates, regardless of the original contact situation between TiO2 layer and the steel substrate in the precursors. The inter-diffusion between the iron substrate and the reduced titanium takes place at the interface. The results demonstrate the possibility of the surface electrochemical metallurgy （SECM） is a promising surface engineering and additive manufacturing method.

供应链管理:裕元集团崛起的新途径

一、企业的历史与现状分析 裕元工业（集团）有限公司（YueYuenIndustrial（Holdings）Limited，简称“裕元集团”）是全球最大的运动鞋生产商，专门为全球30多家著名品牌鞋类企业生产中档及高档鞋类产品。在各类名牌运动鞋及便服鞋市场中，该公司的市场占有率达到17％。它是Nike、Adidas、Reebok等主要国际名牌公司的原设备制造商，原设计制造商（OEM，ODM）。为了降低成本、实现利润最大化，该公司建立了高效率、高水平的供应链管理模式，并实现了供应链整合。

填补空缺

2006年6月21—23日在上海举行的“2006国际医疗设备设计与技术展览会暨研讨会“（2006 MEDTEC中国展览会），将有来自世界各地的250家医疗业OEM（即“原设备制造商”）厂商同场亮相，展出各种最先进的专用医用材料、组件、电子及计算机辅助设计（CAD）等相关展品。

SOFTWARE SYSTEM FOR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING

The advent of rapid prototyping & manufacturing techniques represents a major breakthrough in production engineering. This paper is concerned with the software system aspects of the selective laser sintering (SLS),i.e.the issues that deal with an external geometric CAD model to automatically control the physical layering fabrication process as directly as possible ,regardless of the source of the model. The general issues are described and some key methods are given in this paper.

Sea Experiments of the Underway Conductivity-Temperature-Depth Prototype Made in China

A new instrument for upper ocean survey, namely the UCTD （Underway Conductivity-Temperature- Depth）, which combines some of the advantages of other underway instruments, is introduced in this paper. The Introduction section presents a description of the construction and function of the UCTD, and the experiments conducted in the South China Sea on board the R/V Dong Fang Hong 2 in July 2007 and August 2008. The UCTD system, with pressure and temperature sensors in the probe, is con- veniently portable, cost-effective and environment-friendly. It is hopefully suitable for future cruises. An intercomparison based on regressing with the experiment temperature data from both SeaBird plus911 CTD and the UCTD showed that the standard deviation is 0.88~C and the correlation coefficient is 0.96, achieving the goals set for the current oceanography uses. In the hydrodynamic experiments, the descending velocities and depths were calculated for different ship speeds. A pulling test was designed with a tensiorneter to measure the magnitude of the pull. The maximal tension of the line was found to be 66.2 kg, which is far lower than the bearing limit of the Hollow Spectra line. Finally, some improvement suggestions are put forward for future experiments and production.

Suppression of Amplitude Decoherence in Arbitrary n-Level Atom in -Configuration with Bang-Bang Controls

In this paper, we give Bang-Bang （BB） decoupling schemes to suppress the amplitude decoherence in the five-and six-level atom systems in ≡-configuration. We generalize this scheme to the arbitrary level atom system in ≡-configuration. The corresponding decoupling operators are given explicitly.

2013年欧洲轿车发动机油规格最新进展

欧洲轿车发动机油规格除了ACEA规格以外,各OEM均有自己的轿车发动机油规格。奔驰、大众及PSA规格在欧洲具有较大影响力,ACEA主要通过使用这三家OEM的发动机试验并引入美国API相应规格的发动机试验形成自己的规格体系。欧洲OEM轿车发动机油规格也均在ACEA基础上增加了许多内部的发动机试验要求。文章主要介绍奔驰、大众及PAS以及美系车通用和福特在欧洲使用的发动机油规格。ACEA尽管达不到API在美国的地位,但ACEA在欧洲的地位却在不断提高。

Mathematical modeling and analysis of gas torque in twin-rotor piston engine

The gas torque in a twin-rotor piston engine(TRPE) was modeled using adiabatic approximation with instantaneous combustion. The first prototype of TRPE was manufactured. This prototype is intended for high power density engines and can produce 36 power strokes per shaft revolution. Compared with the conventional engines, the vector sum of combustion gas forces acting on each rotor piston in TRPE is a pure torque, and the combustion gas rotates the rotors while compresses the gas in the compression chamber at the same time. Mathematical modeling of gas force transmission was built. Expression for gas torque on each rotor was derived. Different variation patterns of the volume change of working chamber were introduced. The analytical and numerical results is presented to demonstrate the main characteristics of gas torque. The results show that the value of gas torque in TRPE falls to be less than zero before the combustion phase is finished; the time for one stroke is 30° in terms of the rotating angle of the output shaft; gas torque in one complete revolution of the output shaft has a period which is equal to 60° and it is necessary to put off the moment when gas torque becomes zero in order to export the maximum energy.

Principle and Feasibility of Electric or Magnetic Field Deflection-Projection Based Rapid Prototyping Technique

Rapid prototype manufacturing(RPM) is a new advanced manufacturing technology, which is based on the philosophy of materials increasing of lay by lay forming. Zero adventure rapid design/manufacturing can be realized with rapid prototypes of 3D CAD of products. Rapid prototyping has been an effective tool of R&D of new products. A novel rapid prototyping and manufacturing (RP&M) technique is brought forward. The principle of the process is to form layered sections and to make the prototype or part layer by layer by deflection projection of electric charged powder granules passing through electric or magnetic field and by controllable line and field scan of the powder granule beam. The feasibility issue of the process is theoretically and experimentally investigated.It shows that deflection projection of electric charged powder granules beam passing through electric field can be significant and feasible to the rapid prototyping technique.

The step-by-step CFD design method of pressure-compensating emitter

In order to improve the design and research and development (R & D) efficiency of the pressure- compensating drip irrigation emitter,a step-by-step computational fluid dynamics (CFD) design method was proposed based on CFD theory combined with the finite element method. By analyzing its hydraulic performance through the step-by-step CFD method,the prediction pressure-flow curve(p-Q curve) of the pressure-compensating emitter was obtained. Then the test samples were fabricated using rapid prototype and manufacturing(RP & M) technology. The emitters' hydraulic performance experiment was carried out and the experimental p-Q curve was obtained. The step-by-step CFD design method was verified by comparing the experimental p-Q curve with the prediction values,which showed that the prediction values met the experimental results well within the normal range of the emitter's working pressure. On this basis,the effect of the emitter structure on its pressure-compensating performance was studied,which showed that the height of the pressure-compensating region had significant effects on the emitter's pressure-compensating performance. Series products of the pressure-compensating emitter could be designed by changing the region's height.

Semi-active control of a vehicle suspension using magneto-rheological damper

A semi-active magneto-rheological （MR） damper was experimentally investigated and compared to an original equipment manufacturer （OEM） damper for a passenger vehicle, by using a quarter car models. A full-scale two-degree-of-freedom quarter car experimental set-up was constructed to study the vehicle suspension. On-off skyhook controller and Fuzzy-Lyapunov skyhook controller （FLSC） were employed to control the input current for MR damper so as to achieve the desired damping force. Tests were done to evaluate the ability of MR damper for controlling vehicle vibration. Test results show that the semi-active MR vehicle suspension vibration control system is feasible. In comparison with OEM damper, on-off and FLSC controlled MR dampers can effectively reduce the acceleration of vehicle sprtmg mass by about 15% and 24%, respectively.

CFD study of turbulent jet impingement on curved surface

The heat transfer and flow characteristics of air jet impingement on a curved surface are investigated with computational fluid dynamics(CFD)approach.The first applied model is a one-equation SGS model for large eddy simulation(LES)and the second one is the SST-SAS hybrid RANS-LES.These models are utilized to study the flow physics in impinging process on a curved surface for different jet-to-surface(h/B)distances at two Reynolds numbers namely,2960 and 4740 based on the jet exit velocity(U_e)and the hydraulic diameter(2B).The predictions are compared with the experimental data in the literature and also the results from RANS k-εmodel.Comparisons show that both models can produce relatively good results.However,one-equation model(OEM)produced more accurate results especially at impingement region at lower jet-to-surface distances.In terms of heat transfer,the OEM also predicted better at different jet-to-surface spacings.It is also observed that both models show similar performance at higher h/B ratios.

Study on the Manufacturing Technology of Directly Metal Forming based on Overlay Welding

Rapid prototyping technology can greatly improve the actual processing industrial prototype; this paper introduces the main principle, characteristics and technology of rapid prototype manufacturing. The current rapid prototype manufacturing products and production problems are analyzed. Because of the direct metal forming process have the characteristic of point by point, surfacing with stack molding manufacturing layer by layer, so it is suitable for complex shape parts two-dimensional or three-dimensional functionally gradient materials manufacturing.

在今天的经济环境中如何留住OEM客户？

本文介绍，EMS供应商应该发展始终如一的管理程序。