新形势下我国海外利益安全面临的风险识别与原因分析

在推进"一带一路"战略背景下,中国企业加快了投资和并购的步伐,中国逐渐成为最大的海外投资资本输出国和拥有全球性海外利益的开放大国。我国海外利益实现全面拓展,风险也与日俱增。风险构成复杂且多元。威胁我国海外利益安全的外在性原因包含发达国家与我国国际战略和利益激烈博弈、发展中国家与我国战略竞争激烈、局部区域战争和武装冲突殃及中国企业。威胁我国海外利益安全的内在性原因在于在海外的企业和公民风险意识不足,防范与预警体系缺失;海外利益保护相关危机应对的力量和能力不足,影响了海外利益保护成效。

浅谈英语“原因”表达法

英语中有很多同义或近义词语,是英语语言的一大特点。对英语同义词语转换缺乏了解和掌握是大学生难以提高英语写作水平的主要原因之一。本文详细分析归纳了英语"原因"的表达法,以此来强调英语同义词语转换在大学英语写作教学中的重要性,以期能指导大学英语教学实践。

论物上担保合同无效的民事责任——兼论我国物权法建议稿中的“物权变动与其原因行为分离”原则

从民事责任方式、归责原则和有关过错责任人的赔偿范围等方面 ,分析了物上担保合同无效的民事责任问题 ;对不能取得担保物权时当事人是承担无效责任还是违约责任应区分情况分别对待 ,不能“一刀切” ,故“物权变动与原因行为分离”不宜作为我国未来物权法的一项基本原则。

Five years' experience with capsule endoscopy in a single center

Capsule endoscopy (CE) is a novel technology that facilitates highly effective and noninvasive imaging of the small bowel. Although its effi cacy in the evaluation of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) has been proven in several trials, data on uses of CE in different small bowel diseases are rapidly accumulating in the literature, and it has been found to be superior to alternative diagnostic tools in a range of such diseases. Based on literature evidence, CE is recommended as a first-line investigation for OGIB after negative bi-directional endoscopy. CE has gained an important role in the diagnosis and follow-up of Crohn's disease and celiac disease and in the surveillance of small bowel tumors and polyps in selected patients. Capsule retention is the major complication, with a frequency of 1%-2%. The purpose of this review was to discuss the procedure, indications, contraindications and adverse effects associated with CE. We also review and share our five-year experience with CE in various small bowel diseases. The recently developed balloon-assisted enteroscopies have both diagnostic and therapeutic capability. At the present time, CE and balloon-assisted enteroscopies are complementary techniques in the diagnosis and management of small bowel diseases.

Inverted Meckel's diverticulum as a cause of occult lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage

Meckel's diverticulum is a common asymptomatic congenital gastrointestinal anomaly,but rarely it can present with hemorrhage.Over the last few years inverted Meckel's diverticulum has been reported in the literature with increasing frequency as an occult source of lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage.Here,we report a case of a 54-year-old male,who was referred for surgical evaluation with persistent anemia and occult blood per rectum after a work up which failed to localize the source over 12 mo,including upper and capsule endoscopy,colonoscopy,enteroclysis,Meckel scan,and tagged nuclear red blood cell scan.An abdominal computed tomography scan showed a possible mid-ileal intussusception and intraluminal mass.During the abdominal exploration,inverted Meckel's diverticulum was diagnosed and resected.We review the literature,discuss the forms in which the disease presents,the diagnostic modalities utilized,pathological findings,and treatment.Although less than 40 cases have been reported in the English literature from 1978 to 2005,19 cases have been reported in the last 6 years alone(2006-2012) due to improved diagnostic modalities.Successful diagnosis and treatment of this disease requires a high index of clinical suspicion,which is becoming increasingly relevant to general gastroenterologists.

浅谈混凝土裂缝产生的原因与控制方法

裂缝产生的原因有荷载作用和非荷载作用。并针对原因提出了控制方法。

Israel's Image in US and Chinese Media:Discrepancies and Causes

Israel's image is positive in Chinese media, which focuses on China-Israel cooperation and Israel's economy, history culture, science and technology. The image is of a culture-rich nation with a tough ethnic nature and powerful science and technology facets. In US media, Israel's image is negative, with the focus on political polarization, social and racial fragmentation, conflict with Palestine, and deterioration in foreign relations. Chinese and US media have totally opposite directions in topic focus and value identification.

“由于X的原因,Y”句式中“的原因”出现的条件和动因

“由于X的原因,Y”句式中“的原因”表现为强制性出现和选择性出现。考察“的原因”出现的条件和动因,发现“的原因”强制性出现时,“X”与“的原因”之间为区别性关系;当选择性出现时,它们之间为同一性关系。“的原因”能否出现则受句法强制性和语用需要影响。强制性出现时,受句法强制性约束大,若“的原因”隐去则结构残缺、语义不明确,难以成句。选择性出现时,隐去并不影响表达。句子结构依旧完整,语义明确,满足表达所需的信息量,句法强制性解除。根据语言经济性原则,“的原因”本应删去。但受到“由于”语义损耗与功能弱化的影响,加之为满足主观归因和强调凸显原因等语用需要,“的原因”仍保留在句中。

Complete remission of gastric Burkitt's lymphoma after eradication of Helicobacter pylori

Burkitt＇s lymphoma is a highly aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma, often presenting in extra-nodal sites. It generally has a poor spontaneous outcome and needs aggressive treatment with systemic and intrathecal chemotherapy. Occurrence at the gastric site is rare. We report the case of a 39-year old woman who presented with a prominent ulcerated lesion of the antrum corresponding histologically to a Burkitt＇s lymphoma associated with He/icobacter py/ori （H pylori） infection. Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） demonstrated c-MYC gene rearrangement in tumour cells without BCL2 or BCL6 gene translocations. Ulcer healing and tumour regression with a complete histological response were obtained 8 wk after Hpylori eradication. In spite of this complete remission, taking into account the high risk of recurrence, the patient received systemic and intrathecal chemotherapy. Two years later, the patient remained in complete remission. This is the first report of a gastric Burkitt＇s lymphoma responding to Hpylori eradication. These findings raise the question of the potential role of H pylori in the pathogenesis of some gastric Burkitt＇s lymphomas, and show the importance of searching for and eradicating the bacteria in combination with conventional chemotherapy regimens.

浅谈高层建筑发生火灾的原因与消防安全设计

随着我国经济的快速发展,高层建筑层出不穷。如何有效降低高层住宅发生火灾率,成为了一个全新的问题。基于此,本文通过对高层建筑火灾事故中暴露出的问题进行分析,对高层建筑消防安全设计进行了研究,并提出了提升高层建筑的消防安全管理工作策略,以供参考。

Partner's Sexual Behaviora are an Important Risk Factor for Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection among STD Patients

Risk factors for genitourinary Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infection were investigated using an STD elative risk factor questionnaire among 176 patients and theirregular sexual partners. Twenty-four independent variableswere selected for analysis, nine of which were confirmed asfactors associated with C. trachomatis. Four of the nine factorswere significantly correlated to infection using a multifactorialunconditional logistic regression model which included: levelof education (odds ratios [ORs]: 2.144 for below junior middleschool), number of sexual partners (ORs: 4.503 for≥5),number of regular partner's sexual partner (ORs: 16.333 for≥5), STD history of regular partner (ORs: 18.417 for theirSTD history). These data demonstrate that regular partner'ssexual behaviors are also an important risk factor for Ctinfection among STD clinic clients.

Effects of Electromagnetic Field and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor on Osteoblast's Growth

Osteoblasts of rat cultured in vitro were stimulated with pulsed 50 Hz electromagnetic field and basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF).The MTT method,flow cytometry and histochemistry staining were used to detect cell proliferation?cell cycle and alkaline phosphatase .The results indicated: after stimulated by 1 mT electromagnetic field,the cells are more abundant,have more S phase percentages,2 mT electromagnetic field have no evident effect on cells’growth;compared with electromagnetic field,the cells stimulated by bFGF are more abundant and have larger S phase ratios.Electromagnetic field and bFGF have no effect on cells,alkaline phosphatase.Therefore ,we concluded that electromagnetic field can enhance osteoblasts growth like some growth factor such as basic fibroblast growth factor,and the osteoblasts’,characteristics was not changed.

ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS OF POLYMORPHISMS OF ACE GENE AND AGT GENE WITH ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION IN CHINESE HAN'S POPULATION

Objective. To investigate whether the polymorphisms in the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene and angiotensinogen (AGT) gene are associated with essential hypertension. Methods. A case-control study was carried out using 103 hypertensive (HT) and 131 normotensive (NT) subjects. The insertion/deletion(I / D ) polymorphism of the ACE gene and the methionine→threo- nine variant at position 235 (M235T) of the AGT gene were determined by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and PCR/restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR/RFLP) analysis, respective- ly. Results. The differences of D allele frequency and genotype distribution of the ACE gene between NT and HT groups were statistically significant (X^2=18.12, P<0. 005 ). The T235 allele frequency of the AGT gene was 69% in NT Chinese group (approximately 1. 38 to l. 64 fold that in Caucasians), and was greater in female HT than in NT (0. 82 vs 0. 72, X^2= 8. l, P<0. 025). A correlation between M235T molecular variant of the AGT gene and I/D molecular variant of ACE gene to hypertension was found. Cbeclusions. The possession of D allele of the ACE gene might be a marker for predisposition to hyper- tension. The T235 allele of the AGT gene was more common in Chinese than in Caucasians, and might contribute to the risk for hypertension in female Chinese.

医学院校公共事业管理专业学生应用写作能力现状及对策——以云南中医学院为例

应用写作能力是公共事业管理专业学生必不可少的一项技能。针对医学院校公共事业管理专业学生应用写作基础知识薄弱,应用写作能力较为欠缺的现状,分析存在问题的原因,并提出相应的改进意见及对策。

Outbreak and the Reasons of Apple Valsa Canker in Yantai Apple Producing Area in 2011

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate an outbreak of apple valsa canker （Valsa ceratosperma） in Yantai apple producing area in 2011 and analyze the major causes of the disease. [Method] In May 2011, 21 commercial apple or-chards in Qixia, Haiyang and Laiyang were selected to investigate the outbreak of applevalsa canker. [Result]The results showed that apple canker occurred seriously in Yantai apple producing area in 2011. The ratio of diseased plants with new canker scars was 68.20% and the ratio of dead plants infected with Valsa cer-atosperma was 2.76%. The average ratios of diseased branches and one-year-old dead branches were 23.98% and 10.74%, respectively. The percentage of orchards with more than 50% diseased plants accounted for 25%-30% of the total number of orchards investigated, and the overal prevalence situation was more serious than normal years. In the investigation, 967 new canker scars were observed, with an average of 2.32 canker scars per plant. Specifical y, 80.04% canker scars were de-veloped from pruning wounds; 60.29% canker scars were developed from previous scars. [Conclusion] The long-period precipitation in the autumn of 2010, low temper-ature in the winter of 2010 and the severe drought in the spring of 2011 might be the major factors causing the outbreak of apple valsa canker in Yantai apple pro-ducing area in 2011. Pruning wounds were the main infection entrances of V. cer-atosperma, and the recurrence in previous scars was the main reason for the out-break of apple canker in spring.

Analysis on the Degradation Causes of Bashang Inland Lake Wetland in Hebei Province

The degeneration of Bashang inland lake wetland in Hebei Province is caused by both some natural reasons,such as temperature rises and violent pathogenic wind,and some human factors like the large increase of population and arable area,the production of season-staggered vegetable,which have increased the water utilization and made many lakes dry up completely or partly.Based on the degeneration reasons,the related measures for restoring the function of Bashang wetland ecosystem were proposed in this paper.

Correlation between angiotensinogen gene and primary hypertension with cerebral infarction in the Li nationality of China

Objective To investigate the relationship of four single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） haplotypes in the angiotensinogen （AGT） gene to the primary hypertension with or without cerebral infarction in the Li nationality of Hainan, China. Methods Total 300 subjects were allocated into three different groups： Groupl, 100 patients who have primary hypertension; Group 2, 100 patients who have primary hypertension with cerebral infarction; and control group, 100 healthy individuals. The genotypes of all subjects were determined by PCR-sequencing to analyze the four poly- morphisms at position - 152 （G-A）, -20 （A-C）, - 18 （C-T）, and -6 （A-G） in the promoter region of AGT. Results The frequen- cies ofCT genotype of AGT-18 and T allele in Group 1 （P = 0.003, P = 0.004） and Group 2 （P = 0.002, P = 0.002） were both significantly higher than in healthy controls. The frequency of G allele of AGT-6 was significantly higher in Group 2 than in the control group （P = 0.016）, while there is no significant difference between Group 1 and the control. Haplotype analysis revealed that H6 haplotype frequency which included -20C and -6G was significantly increased in Group 2 （P = 0.003） compared with the control group, while H5 haplotype frequency which included -20C and -18T was signifi- cantly increased in Group 1 （P = 0.006） versus the control. Conclusion The -20 （A-C） and - 18 （C-T） of the AGT may play an important role in pathogenesis of primary hypertension; and -20 （A-C）, -18 （C-T）, and -6 （A-G） may be the genetic risk factors for the onset of primary hypertension with cerebral infarction in the Li nationality of Halnan, China.

Analysis of the Causes of Continuous Cropping Obstacles for Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz in Pingjiang County and Its Control Methods

First at all, it introduced the concept and the damages of continuous cropping obstacle. Then, it analyzed the causes of continuous cropping obstacles for Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. In the end, in order to provide guidance for pro- moting sustainable development of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz industry in Pingjiang County, it put forward some control methods for eliminating continuous cropping obstacles of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz, including breeding varieties with high resistance; applying rotation cropping and intercropping reasonable; rational fertilization and soil disinfection; introducing antagonistic bacterial and eliminating au- tointoxication.

Developmental Changes of Col3a1 mRNA Expression in Muscle and Their Association with Intramuscular Collagen in Pigs

Eighty-four castrated boars including Laiwu Black （LW） （weight 30-90 kg, n = 6） and Lulai Black （LL） （weight 40-100 kg, n = 6） were used to study the developmental changes of collagen type Ⅲ alpha 1 （Col3al） mRNA expression in the muscle and their association with intramuscular collagen （IMC）. The muscle total RNA was extracted to determine the abundance of Col3al mRNA using relative quantitative RT-PCR with β-actin mRNA as the internal standard. The results indicated that the developmental patterns of muscle Col3al mRNA in LW and LL pigs were similar. The abundance of Col3al mRNA increased with body weight, but decreased a little at 70 kg and 80 kg phases for LW and LL, respectively. On the whole, the expression level of Col3al mRNA in muscle of LW was higher than that of LL （P 〈 0.05）. Correlation analysis showed that the expression of Col3al mRNA in muscle was positively correlated with total and insoluble IMC, but was negatively correlated with IMC solubility for LW pigs （P 〈 0.01） and LL pigs （P 〈 0.05）, respectively. These results suggest that the muscle Col3al gene expression is affected by body weight and genotype and has important effect on IMC content and characteristics.

NIK和IKKβ连接蛋白、C-myc和细胞周期蛋白D1在结肠癌组织中的表达及意义

目的检测结肠癌组织中NIK和IKKβ连接蛋白(NIBP)、磷酸化p65(p-p65)和C-myc、细胞周期蛋白D1(cyclin D1)的表达,并探讨其意义。方法收集广西医科大学第一附属医院结直肠外科2013年2月—2014年2月经外科手术切除及消化内科肠镜活检的部分标本151例,其中正常结肠黏膜16例、结肠腺瘤21例、结肠癌114例。采用SP免疫组化法分别检测正常结肠黏膜组织、结肠腺瘤组织及结肠癌组织NIBP、p-p65、C-myc和cyclin D1阳性细胞表达率;分析结肠癌组织中NIBP、C-myc和cyclin D1阳性细胞表达率与p-p65阳性细胞表达率的相关性。结果正常结肠黏膜组织、结肠腺瘤组织、结肠癌组织的NIBP、p-p65、C-myc和cyclin D1阳性细胞表达率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结肠癌组织NIBP、p-p65、C-myc和cyclin D1阳性细胞表达率高于正常结肠黏膜组织和结肠腺瘤组织(P<0.017);正常结肠黏膜组织、结肠腺瘤组织中NIBP、p-p65、C-myc和cyclin D1阳性细胞表达率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.017)。不同组织学类型、浸润深度及有无淋巴结转移、远处转移患者结肠癌组织NIBP、p-p65、C-myc和cyclin D1阳性细胞表达率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。分化程度越低、TNM分期越高、Duke's分期越高患者结肠癌组织NIBP、p-p65、C-myc和cyclin D1阳性细胞表达率越高(P<0.05)。NIBP、C-myc、cyclin D1阳性细胞表达率与p-p65阳性细胞表达率均呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论 NIBP可能通过激活核因子κB(NF-κB)信号转导通路上调C-myc和cyclin D1等的表达而影响结肠癌的治疗发生、发展、侵袭和转移,为临床发现结肠癌的治疗新靶点提供了参考依据。