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企业销售价格体系设计的几点思考 被引量:1
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作者 谢满姣 《涟钢科技与管理》 2015年第2期48-49,共2页
一个完善的价格体系应包括对不同的经销商——如直供商、代理商、批发商、零售商制定不同价格政策,使每一个经销商都愿意经营本企业的产品。企业的销售方式主要有:直供、锁价(一单一议)、协议代理、加工配送及网络竞价销售模式。比如... 一个完善的价格体系应包括对不同的经销商——如直供商、代理商、批发商、零售商制定不同价格政策,使每一个经销商都愿意经营本企业的产品。企业的销售方式主要有:直供、锁价(一单一议)、协议代理、加工配送及网络竞价销售模式。比如,钢铁企业品种钢全部实行锁价销售方式,其它钢材以直供销售为主。不同的销售方式所花费的成本都有着明显的差异,每一种销售渠道成本是由多个部分共同组成, 展开更多
关键词 销售渠道 销售价 体系 加工配送 政策 目标市场 原因格 策略 窜货 销售通路
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原因「で」格名词及后续动词的语义特征分析
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作者 黄晋 《日语学习与研究》 2014年第1期1-7,共7页
语言学中的"格"反映了名词在句中与谓语之间的句法、语义关系,即格关系。日语由于其典型的粘着语特征,使得格助词在实现格关系中起着重要的作用。然而,日语中的格助词(表层格)与其可实现的意义作用(深层格)之间并不是一对一... 语言学中的"格"反映了名词在句中与谓语之间的句法、语义关系,即格关系。日语由于其典型的粘着语特征,使得格助词在实现格关系中起着重要的作用。然而,日语中的格助词(表层格)与其可实现的意义作用(深层格)之间并不是一对一的关系。同一个格助词在不同语境下可实现不同意义的格,同一意义的格名词及后续动词会表现出其特有的语义特征。 展开更多
关键词 原因格 名词 动词 语义特征
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对“S+X+死我了”句式的语义探讨 被引量:1
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作者 黄蕾 《广西职业技术学院学报》 2015年第5期57-60,共4页
"S+X+死我了"是汉语口语中使用频繁的一个句式,它生动、简洁地抒发了说话人的强烈思想感情。从结构层面看,该句式的宾语"我"和补语"死"是固定成分,主语S与谓语X则为可变成分;从语义层面看,狭义同构的&quo... "S+X+死我了"是汉语口语中使用频繁的一个句式,它生动、简洁地抒发了说话人的强烈思想感情。从结构层面看,该句式的宾语"我"和补语"死"是固定成分,主语S与谓语X则为可变成分;从语义层面看,狭义同构的"S+X+死我了"句子,不同的主语S可造成句式的语义差异;从语用层面看,句式中的程度补语"死了"具有不可替代性。 展开更多
关键词 媒S+X+死我了 狭义同构 语义 感事 对象 原因格
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Authorized variance analysis with consumption rate
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作者 ZHAO Xiao-yan 《Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing》 2007年第4期42-45,52,共5页
On the base of budget or plan information, comparing with actual results, making variance analysis, finding real reasons behind variance, this is important way of control and also important function of budget. However... On the base of budget or plan information, comparing with actual results, making variance analysis, finding real reasons behind variance, this is important way of control and also important function of budget. However, without consideration of changes of environment, there are some limitations for static variance analysis with benchmark of plan data. Adjusting for benchmark according to actual condition, then doing variance analysis, these will improve utilization of variance analysis. Adjusted benchmark is often known as authorized cost/profit. For different understanding for authority concept, with RCA's (the abbreviation for Resource Consumption Accounting) view and numerical examples, this paper brings out the concept of consumption rate variance to promoting deeper understanding and analyzing reasons behind variance. 展开更多
关键词 variance analysis authorized expense consumption rate variance
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Research on the Humanization of the Animal Protagonist in The Call of the Wild
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作者 PAN Juan 《International English Education Research》 2016年第12期106-109,共4页
Jack London was one of the outstanding American writers in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. The Call of the Wild which was based on the Klondike Gold Rush, was the most famous and popular one in China.... Jack London was one of the outstanding American writers in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. The Call of the Wild which was based on the Klondike Gold Rush, was the most famous and popular one in China. These years, lots of scholars have discussed it from various aspects, such as the contents, the themes, the writing styles and its characters. In this short novel, the protagonist Buck is humanized by the author. He is endowed with lots of human qualities, such as loyalty, brave, self-esteem, intelligence and so on. What are the reasons of humanization of the dog protagonist.? Finding out the reasons could help us understand this novel better and it may offer some references for the research on Jack London' s animal novels. 展开更多
关键词 Jack London The Call of the Wild: animal HUMANIZATION
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Causes of Buildings' Abandonment in the Years 1960-1990
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作者 Alfonso Magaz Robain Enrique Perea Castano Raul Rodriguez de Torres 《Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture》 2014年第4期509-515,共7页
When a relatively new building is not being fully utilized, there must have existed, at one time, a change in its initial conditions. The aim of this research is to study the changes in the initial conditions which ca... When a relatively new building is not being fully utilized, there must have existed, at one time, a change in its initial conditions. The aim of this research is to study the changes in the initial conditions which cause buildings to be underutilized and analyze whether the demolition was justified. Causes can be found in problems due to the building's management, as the owners make the main decisions concerning the buildings. Additionally problems are due to the location where the building is constructed because site conditions changes a lot in one generation. The use of the building can also be a cause of abandonment as the original use can end before the lifespan of the building. Architectural style can be dated as fashions and styles change rapidly. Finally, causes can be in the physical condition of the buildings: structure, construction, installations and adherence to current regulations. In this article, the authors provide guidelines demonstrating how buildings of a past generation which were initially considered obsolete, can be properly reused. 展开更多
关键词 Historic architecture DEMOLITION RESTORATION upgrade.
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Landscape Pattern Evolution Processes of Alpine Wetlands and Their Driving Factors in the Zoige Plateau of China 被引量:30
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作者 BAI Jun-hong LU Qiong-qiong +4 位作者 WANG Jun-jing ZHAO Qing-qing OUYANG Hua DENG Wei LI Ai-nong 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2013年第1期54-67,共14页
Zoige Plateau wetlands are located in the northeastern corner of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The landscape pattern evolution processes in the Zoige Plateau and their driving factors were identified by analyzing the dyna... Zoige Plateau wetlands are located in the northeastern corner of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The landscape pattern evolution processes in the Zoige Plateau and their driving factors were identified by analyzing the dynamic changes in landscape modification and conversion and their dynamic rates of alpine wetlands over the past four decades.The results showed that the landscape conversion between wetlands and non-wetlands mainly occurred during the period from 1966 to 1986.The marsh wetland area converted from lake and river wetlands was larger because of swamping compared to other wetland landscapes.Meanwhile,the larger area of marsh wetlands was also converted to lake wetlands more than other types of wetlands.The modification processes mainly occurred among natural wetland landscapes in the first three periods.Obvious conversions were observed between wetland and nonwetland landscapes(i.e.,forestland,grassland,and other landscapes) in the Zoige Plateau.These natural wetland landscapes such as river,lake and marsh wetlands showed a net loss over the past four decades,whereas artificial wetland landscapes(i.e.,paddy field and reservoir and pond wetlands) showed a net decrease.The annual dynamic rate of the whole wetland landscape was 0.72%,in which the annual dynamic rate of river wetlands was the highest,followed by lake wetlands,while marsh wetlands had the lowest dynamic rate.The integrated landscape dynamic rate showed a decreasing trend in the first three periods.The changes in wetland landscape patterns were comprehensively controlled by natural factors and human activities,especially human activities play an important role in changing wetland landscape patterns. 展开更多
关键词 Zoige Plateau Alpine wetland Landscape pattern Modification Conversion Driving factors
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软新闻文体风格变异倾向分析
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作者 张璐璐 李冬梅 《中学语文教学参考》 2015年第9X期9-10,共2页
软新闻从上个世纪80年代起,随着传统媒体的发展逐渐下滑,对受众的影响力日益增强。但当前部分软新闻的文体特征却产生变异倾向,美国软新闻中的变异倾向尤为突出;致使一些对受众影响颇深的软新闻失去知识性、趣味性、娱乐性等特征,严重... 软新闻从上个世纪80年代起,随着传统媒体的发展逐渐下滑,对受众的影响力日益增强。但当前部分软新闻的文体特征却产生变异倾向,美国软新闻中的变异倾向尤为突出;致使一些对受众影响颇深的软新闻失去知识性、趣味性、娱乐性等特征,严重误导受众视听,甚至成为政治推手;同时也对其他国家软新闻文体风格产生消极影响。 展开更多
关键词 文体风 新闻客观性 竞选总统 新闻文体 低俗化 原因格 人物事件 真假难辨 散文风 滥用现象
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走,到南方去。
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作者 艾米 《东方艺术》 2015年第1期10-11,共2页
南方和北方的差别,并不仅仅表现在"物理冷"与"化学冷"上。神奇的暖气,区分开的,除了地理位置上的南方北方外,似乎也区分开了这两块土地上的一切,包括时机,包括人,甚至也包括艺术市场。从有艺术市场以来,从地理位置... 南方和北方的差别,并不仅仅表现在"物理冷"与"化学冷"上。神奇的暖气,区分开的,除了地理位置上的南方北方外,似乎也区分开了这两块土地上的一切,包括时机,包括人,甚至也包括艺术市场。从有艺术市场以来,从地理位置上划分开来的南方北方,一直都多少有点对峙的局面,而对于南北市场差异的话题,也一直是艺术市场无法回避的问题。写这篇稿件的时候,是2014年最后一天的晚上,各个媒体铺天盖地的都在盘点着2014年发生的种种。而对于在这一年里从北方搬到南方的我来说,也巧遇了艺术环境的南迁。 展开更多
关键词 艺术环境 最后一天 艺博会 水墨艺术 当代艺术中心 徐乐乐 原因格 购买需求 朱伟 杭州西冷
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DID SPECULATIVE ACTIVITIES CONTRIBUTE TO HIGH CRUDE OIL PRICES DURING 1993 TO 2008? 被引量:4
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作者 Xun ZHANG Kin Keung LAI Shouyang WANG 《Journal of Systems Science & Complexity》 SCIE EI CSCD 2009年第4期636-646,共11页
By applying two nonlinear Granger causality testing methods and rolling window strategy to explore the relationship between speculative activities and crude oil prices, the unidirectional Granger causality from specul... By applying two nonlinear Granger causality testing methods and rolling window strategy to explore the relationship between speculative activities and crude oil prices, the unidirectional Granger causality from speculative activities to returns of crude oil prices during the high price phase is discovered. It is proved that speculative activities did contribute to high crude oil prices after the Asian financial crisis and OPEC's output cut in 1998. The unidirectional Granger causality from returns of crude oil prices to speculative activities is significant in general. But after 2000, with the sharp rise in crude oil prices, this unidirectional Granger causality became a complex nonlinear relationship, which cannot be detected by any linear Granger causaIity test. 展开更多
关键词 Crude oil prices Diks-Panchenko test Hiemstra-Jones test nonlinear Granger causalitytest speculative activities.
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Distribution, occurrence and enrichment causes of gallium in coals from the Jungar Coalfield, Inner Mongolia 被引量:18
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作者 WANG WenFeng QIN Yong +4 位作者 LIU XinHua ZHAO JianLin WANG JunYi WU GuoDai LIU JiongTian 《Science China Earth Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS 2011年第7期1053-1068,共16页
We collected eleven bench samples of No. 6 coal from the Heidaigou Surface Mine, Jungar Coalfield, Inner Mongolia, China, and four samples from the affiliated coal preparation plant. Based on these samples, we used in... We collected eleven bench samples of No. 6 coal from the Heidaigou Surface Mine, Jungar Coalfield, Inner Mongolia, China, and four samples from the affiliated coal preparation plant. Based on these samples, we used inductively coupled-plasma mass spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer techniques, and borehole exploration data, to investigate the distribution, occurrence and enrichment causes of gallium (Ga) in the coals. Our results show: (1) Gallium is significantly enriched in the coal seams from the study area, with an average content of 18.8-26.0 ppm. Gallium is distributed heterogeneously in the coals, and reaches ore-forming scales only in No. 6 coal of Heidaigou Surface Mine, not in the other mining districts of Jungar Coalfield. (2) On the horizontal plane, Ga is enriched in the main minable coals from the northern and middle part of the coalfield. In the vertical profile, Ga content in the coal seams is higher at the base of Taiyuan Formation (Nos. 8 and 9) and Shanxi Formation (Nos. 3 and 4) than at the top of the Taiyuan Formation. Within the identical coal seam, Ga content is higher in the benches near the roof and floor than in the middle section. (3) Gallium in the coals is associated mainly with kaolinite and boehmite. Additionally, Ga may be adsorbed to some extent by humic acid, resulting in a high level in weathering coal. (4) Geological factors affect Ga enrichment in coal, such as the prop- erty of parent rocks in the source area, the sedimentary environment, organic matter, structure, and past magmatic hydrothermal activity. Especially, Ga content in parent rocks plays a leading role. (5) The mobility and precipitation of trace elements like Ga are controlled principally by the geochemical behavior of the major element A1. Terrestrial and transgressive environments can cause the precipitation of bauxite, whereas marine-continental depositional environments may cause the separation of Ga from A1. In addition, Ga may migrate in the form of gas tively enriched in high-volatile coal. and may be affected by the ground temperature. Thus, it is relatively enriched in high-volatile coal. 展开更多
关键词 coal GALLIUM DISTRIBUTION OCCURRENCE enrichment causes Jungar
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