Objective: To investigate the role of collagen IV and PAS positive substancesecreted by tumor cells in vasculogenic mimicry (VM) and the effects of VM on tumor cells expressingVEGF. Methods: 158 cases of bi-direction ...Objective: To investigate the role of collagen IV and PAS positive substancesecreted by tumor cells in vasculogenic mimicry (VM) and the effects of VM on tumor cells expressingVEGF. Methods: 158 cases of bi-direction differential malignant tumor specimens withparaffin-embedded were enrolled into our study and made tissue microarray which were dual-stainedwith CD31-PAS and stained with collagen IV. The difference of the areas and distribution withpattern surrounded by between CD31 and PAS positive respectively were identified via grid-counting,as well as the difference of VEGF expression with VE absent and present. Results: The basementmembrane of VM was both PAS and collagen IV positive. VEGF expression in the bi-directiondifferential malignant tumor was higher VM-absent than VM-present and the difference wasstatistically significance in malignant melanoma and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (P 【 0.05).Conclusion: PAS positive substance and collagen IV compose the wall of VE and VE could provide theoxygen and nutrition for tumor growth and progression.展开更多
A two‐step photocatalytic water splitting system,termed a“Z‐scheme system”,was achieved using Zn‐doped g‐C3N4for H2evolution and BiVO4for O2evolution with Fe2+/Fe3+as a shuttle redox mediator.H2and O2were evalua...A two‐step photocatalytic water splitting system,termed a“Z‐scheme system”,was achieved using Zn‐doped g‐C3N4for H2evolution and BiVO4for O2evolution with Fe2+/Fe3+as a shuttle redox mediator.H2and O2were evaluated simultaneously when the doping amount of zinc was10%.Moreover,Zn‐doped(10%)g‐C3N4synthesized by an impregnation method showed superior active ability to form the Z‐scheme with BiVO4than by in‐situ synthesis.X‐ray diffraction,UV‐Vis spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy,and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the samples.It was determined that more Zn?N bonds could be formed on the surface of g‐C3N4by impregnation,which could facilitate charge transfer.展开更多
Signal transduction pathways play important roles in various biological processes such as cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation and responses to the external stimuli. Efficient computational methods ar...Signal transduction pathways play important roles in various biological processes such as cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation and responses to the external stimuli. Efficient computational methods are of great demands to map signaling pathways systematically based on the interactome and microarray data in the post-genome era. This paper proposes a novel approach to infer the pathways based on the network flow well studied in the operation research. The authors define a potentiality variable for each protein to denote the extent to which it contributes to the objective pathway. And the capacity on each edge is not a constant but a function of the potentiality variables of the corresponding two proteins. The total potentiality of all proteins is given an upper bound. The approach is formulated to a linear programming model and solved by the simplex method. Experiments on the yeast sporulation data suggest this novel approach recreats successfully the backbone of the MAPK signaling pathway with a low upper bound of the total potentiality. By increasing the upper bound, the approach successfully predicts all the members of the Mitogen-activated protein kinases （MAPK） pathway responding to the pheromone. This simple but effective approach can also be used to infer the genetic information processing pathways underlying the expression quantitative trait loci （eQTL） associations, illustrated by the second example.展开更多
基金This work was partially supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30370378)
文摘Objective: To investigate the role of collagen IV and PAS positive substancesecreted by tumor cells in vasculogenic mimicry (VM) and the effects of VM on tumor cells expressingVEGF. Methods: 158 cases of bi-direction differential malignant tumor specimens withparaffin-embedded were enrolled into our study and made tissue microarray which were dual-stainedwith CD31-PAS and stained with collagen IV. The difference of the areas and distribution withpattern surrounded by between CD31 and PAS positive respectively were identified via grid-counting,as well as the difference of VEGF expression with VE absent and present. Results: The basementmembrane of VM was both PAS and collagen IV positive. VEGF expression in the bi-directiondifferential malignant tumor was higher VM-absent than VM-present and the difference wasstatistically significance in malignant melanoma and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (P 【 0.05).Conclusion: PAS positive substance and collagen IV compose the wall of VE and VE could provide theoxygen and nutrition for tumor growth and progression.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21773153)~~
文摘A two‐step photocatalytic water splitting system,termed a“Z‐scheme system”,was achieved using Zn‐doped g‐C3N4for H2evolution and BiVO4for O2evolution with Fe2+/Fe3+as a shuttle redox mediator.H2and O2were evaluated simultaneously when the doping amount of zinc was10%.Moreover,Zn‐doped(10%)g‐C3N4synthesized by an impregnation method showed superior active ability to form the Z‐scheme with BiVO4than by in‐situ synthesis.X‐ray diffraction,UV‐Vis spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy,and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the samples.It was determined that more Zn?N bonds could be formed on the surface of g‐C3N4by impregnation,which could facilitate charge transfer.
基金This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 10631070, 60873205, the grant kjcx-yw-s7 from Chinese Academy of Sciences, and 2006CB503905 from Ministry of Science and Technology of China.
文摘Signal transduction pathways play important roles in various biological processes such as cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation and responses to the external stimuli. Efficient computational methods are of great demands to map signaling pathways systematically based on the interactome and microarray data in the post-genome era. This paper proposes a novel approach to infer the pathways based on the network flow well studied in the operation research. The authors define a potentiality variable for each protein to denote the extent to which it contributes to the objective pathway. And the capacity on each edge is not a constant but a function of the potentiality variables of the corresponding two proteins. The total potentiality of all proteins is given an upper bound. The approach is formulated to a linear programming model and solved by the simplex method. Experiments on the yeast sporulation data suggest this novel approach recreats successfully the backbone of the MAPK signaling pathway with a low upper bound of the total potentiality. By increasing the upper bound, the approach successfully predicts all the members of the Mitogen-activated protein kinases （MAPK） pathway responding to the pheromone. This simple but effective approach can also be used to infer the genetic information processing pathways underlying the expression quantitative trait loci （eQTL） associations, illustrated by the second example.
