论交互设计中的原型构建

交互设计活动的展开需要在不同设计阶段制作原型对设计概念和设计方案进行验证。目前关于原型制作的理论和方法都只关注于软件界面设计,并没有从软硬件结合的交互系统层面对原型构建进行探讨。作者改进了David Benyon等人提出的PACT模型,提出了交互设计应该包括人、系统、情境三个方面的因素,进而说明了需要在交互设计过程中构建人物原型、系统原型、情境原型,并给出了原型构建所需的技术和方法。

深层自动编码机的文本分类算法改进

自动编码机作为一种新兴的深层神经网络学习算法,在高维数据的降维和图像重构中取得了很好的效果。针对该方法在文本分类中重构出大量的对学习没有帮助的含噪数据,提出一种利用原型数据监督学习的改进模型,称做深层原型自动编码机,该方法改善了无监督学习的不足。并且,通过建立多个实例对应一个原型模型,可以大大降低算法对于原型数量的需求,提升了算法的运行效率,而且更加有利于原型学习在多种不同的数据上展开。实验证明该方法可以增加文本分类的准确率。

地理信息的概念化及分类

地理信息是与人们生活、工作息息相关的真实世界的现象,它的分类对地理信息系统的信息共享、查询统计和空间分析都有着十分重要的意义,直接影响地理信息系统的经济效益和社会效益。本文归纳了地理信息的概念化方法以及在此基础上对信息分类,作为信息编码的基础。并介绍了结合地理信息对计算机存储和处理的要求等特点,提出的较新的基于本体的分类方法。

SOINN多视图网络入侵检测

检测准确性是入侵检测系统(IDS)的关键性能。针对入侵检测中训练样本数目不平衡的问题,提出使用拓扑学习的方法训练网络数据分类器,并且使用多视图入侵检测方法进一步提高检测率。实验结果表明,提出的方法对于某些攻击类型的检测能力优于现有的方法。特别是提升了对非法远程闯入(R2L)攻击,与非法提升权限(U2R)攻击的检测能力。

一种免除二值化的视频叠加中文字符识别方法

提出一种新的用于识别视频中字幕文字的方法。鉴于视频中文字的大小、颜色、渲染风格和分辨率的不同,以及视频中各种复杂背景的影响,识别视频中的叠加文字是一个尚未解决的问题。目前,大多数视频叠加文字识别方法都基于视频文字的二值化和传统OCR引擎的结合。然而,二值化过程容易引入噪声和文字笔划信息的丢失。另外,传统OCR技术主要专注于高分辨率的扫描打印文档,这些文档具有背景单一、噪声少和笔划信息较完整的特点。因此,传统OCR引擎用于识别叠加文字二值化后的结果可能不够鲁棒。为解决这个问题,直接从未二值化的叠加视频文字图像中提取Gabor特征用于训练二层字符识别器。实验结果表明,本文提出的方法在多字体视频叠加中文文字识别上有良好的效果。

当代墓地类建筑空间特征及形式探究

中国城镇经历了二十多年的快速发展,各类功能建筑的发展都趋于成熟,但墓地类建筑却并非如此,由于各种文化、社会、民俗、管理等因素,墓地建筑的创作多处于较为沉寂的状态。在现代化新型城镇的发展趋势下,此类建筑的规划设计需要融入更多的人文因素,为城市空间的更新提供更多的可能性。文章通过罗列案例、分类归纳、要素分析和方案实践的方法,来探讨当代墓地类建筑的空间特征和发展趋势。

A Scheme of Vegetation Classification of Taiwan, China

The complexity of natural conditions leads to the complexity of vegetation types of Taiwan of China, which has both tropical and cold-temperate vegetation types, and could be depicted as the vegetation miniature of China or even for the world. The physiognomic-floristic principle was adopted for the vegetation classification of Taiwan. The units of rank from top to bottom are: class of vegetation-type, order of vegetation-type, vegetation-type, alliance group, alliance and association. The high-rank units (class, order and vegetation-type) are classified by ecological physiognomy, while the median and lower units by the species composition of community. At the same time the role of dominant species and character species will also be considered. The dominant species are the major factor concerned with the median ranks (alliance group, and alliance) because they are the chief components of community, additionally their remarkable appearance is easy to identify; the character species (or diagnostic species) are for relatively low ranks (association) because they will clearly show the interspecies relation-ship and the characteristics of community. According to this principle, vegetation of Taiwan is classi-fied into five classes of vegetation-types (forests, thickets, herbaceous vegetation, rock fields vegetation, swamps and aquatic vegetation), 29 orders of vegetation-types (cold-temperate needle-leaved forests, cool-temperate needle-leaved forests, warm-temperate needle-leaved forests, warm needle-leaved forests, deciduous broad-leaved forests, mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forests, evergreen mossy forests, evergreen sclerophyllous forests, evergreen broad-leaved forests, tropical rain forests, tropical monsoon forests, coastal forests, warm bamboo forests, evergreen needle-leaved thickets, sclerophyllous thickets, deciduous broad-leaved thickets, evergreen broad-leaved thickets, xerothermic thorn-succulent thickets, bamboo thickets, meadows, sparse shrub grasslands, savannahic grasslands, sparse scree communities, chasmophytic vegetation, woody swamps, herbaceous swamps, moss bogs, fresh water aquatic vegetation, salt water aquatic vegetation) and 53 vegetation-types. The main alliances of each vegetation-type are described.

环境减灾二号A/B卫星在森林树种识别中的应用

采用环境减灾二号A/B卫星数据,在福建武夷山国家公园和东北虎豹国家公园2个试验区开展森林树种识别的应用研究。分别提取2个试验区影像的光谱特征、归一化植被指数(NDVI)和基于主成分第一分量的8个纹理特征信息,采用支持向量机(SVM)和原型网络分类对森林主要树种进行识别,并利用验证样本进行精度评价。结果表明:在福建武夷山国家公园试验区,SVM和原型网络分类的总精度分别为86.37%和91.11%,Kappa系数分别为0.83和0.90。在东北虎豹国家公园试验区,SVM和原型网络分类的总精度分别为91.77%和91.34%,Kappa系数均为0.90。总体来说,环境减灾二号A/B卫星数据在2个试验区的主要树种识别精度较好,后续能较好地满足林业行业相关业务应用需求。

Soil moisture of different vegetation types on the Loess Plateau

Water stored in deep loess soil is one of the most important resources regulating vegetation growth in the semi-arid area of the Loess Plateau, but planted shrub and forest often disrupt the natural water cycle and in turn influence plant growth. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of main vegetation types on soil moisture and its inter-annual change. Soil moisture in 0-10 m depth of six vegetation types, i.e., crop, grass, planted shrub of caragana, planted forests of arborvitae, pine and the mixture of pine and arborvitae were measured in 2001,2005 and 2006. Soil moisture in about 0-3 m of cropland and about 0-2 m of other vegetation types varied inter-annually dependent on annual precipitation, but was stable inter-annually below these depths. In 0-2 m, soil moisture of cropland was significantly greater than those of all other vegetation types, and there were no si nificant differences among other vegetation types. In 2-10 m, there was no significant mois- ture difference between cropland and grassland, but the soil moistures under both of them were significantly higher than those of planted shrub and forests. The planted shrub and forests had depleted soil moisture below 2 m to or near permanent wilting point, and there were no significant moisture differences among forest types. The soil moisture of caragana shrub was significantly lower than those of forests, but the absolute difference was very small. The results of this study implicated that the planted shrub and forests had depleted deep soil moisture to the lowest limits to which they could extract and they lived mainly on present year precipitation for transpiration.

Status and historical changes in the fish community in Erhai Lake

Erhai Lake is the second largest freshwater lake on the Yunnan Plateau, Southwest China. In recent decades, a number of exotic fish species have been introduced into the lake and the fish community has changed considerably. We evaluated the status of the fish community based on surveys with multimesh gillnet, trap net, and benthic fyke-net between May 2009 and April 2012. In addition, we evaluated the change in the community using historical data （1952-2010） describing the fish community and fishery harvest. The current fish community is dominated by small-sized fishes, including Pseudorasbora parva, Rhinogobius giurinus, Micropercops swinhonis, Hemiculter leucisculus, and Rhinogobius cliffordpopei. These accounted for 87.7% of the 22 546 total specimens collected. Omnivorous and carnivorous species dominated the community. A canonical correspondence analysis （CCA） plot revealed that the distribution of fishes in the lake is influenced by aquatic plants, water temperature, pH, and season. The abundance of indigenous species has declined sharply, and a majority of endemic species have been extirpated from the lake （a decrease from seven to two species）. In contrast, the number of exotic species has increased since the 1960s to a total of 22 at present. The fishery harvest decreased initially following the 1960s, but has since increased due to the introduction of non-native fish and stocking of native fish. The fishery harvest was significantly correlated with total nitrogen, not total phosphorus, during the past 20 years. Based on our results, we discuss recommendations for the restoration and conservation of the fish resources in Erhai Lake.

On Prototypes from the Perspective of Semantics and Categorization

Cognitive linguistics is a new approach to language study, which can offer better explanation for language phenomena, and provide more theoretical instructions for English learning. In recent years, the prototype theory, as the cornerstone of cognitive linguistics, has been employed in different research fields, such as phonology, syntax, semantics, English teaching, etc..This thesis attempts to review and discuss the researches done so far on semantics and categorization based on a cognitive theory -- the prototype theory.

Study on Classification of Personality-Based Brand Archetype from the Perspective of Internet

Due to the rapid development,Internet has become the main field for brand building.Under this circumstance,the image of the brand is always consistent with the consumers' perception.Therefore,this study uses the method of text mining of search engine to explore the categories of brand archetype based on Brand Personality Theory from the perspective of Internet.The results find that 12 brand archetypes,including caregiver,sage,hero,innocent,dominator,creator,vitality,explorer,stylish woman,lover,cooperator,and vogue gentleman,have a high degree explanation.Deeper study uses case study to verify the reasonability and effectiveness of the classification standard.

Classification of plant functional types based on the nutrition traits： a case study on alpine meadow community in the Zoigê Plateau

The ecological concept of Plant Functional Types（PFTs）, which refers to the assemblage of plants with certain functional traits, has been introduced for the study of plant responses to the environment change and human disturbance. Taking the alpine meadow community in the Zoigê Plateau as a study case, this paper classified PFTs in terms of plant nutrition traits. The sequential results are as follows.（1） The main herbages in the Zoigê Plateau included 16 species in 5 families. Among the five families, Cyperaceae vegetation accounted for 81.37%of herbage area in total, while the remaining 4families occupied less than 20%. As for the species,Kobresia setchwanensis Hand.-Maizz. was dominant,accounting for 48.74% of the total area; while the remaining 51.26% was comprised of Polygonum viviparum L., Anaphalis fiavescens Hand.-Mazz.,Stipa aliena Keng and other species.（2） By using the Principal Component Analysis（PCA）, the assessment of herbages nutrition was carried out based on the comprehensive multi-index evaluation model.Polygonum viviparum L. had the highest nutritional value score（1.43）, and Stipa aliena Keng had the lowest（-1.40）. Nutritional value of herbage species had a significantly positive correlation with altitude（P＆lt;0.01） in the Zoigê Plateau.（3） Based on the nutritional values, herbages in the Zoigê Plateau could be grouped into 3 nutrition PFTs（high, medium and low） by using the Natural Breaks（Jenks） method.

论交互设计的原型构建

交互设计活动的展开需要在不同设计阶段制作原型对设计概念和设计方案进行验证。目前关于原型制作的理论和方法都只关注于软件界面设计,并没有从软硬件结合的交互系统层面对原型构建进行探讨。文章改进了David Benyon等人提出的PACT模型,提出了交互设计应该包括人、系统、情境三个方面的因素,进而说明了需要在交互设计过程中构建人物原型、系统原型、情境原型,并给出了原型构建所需的技术和方法。

Molecular assembly of recombinant chicken type II collagen in the yeast Pichia pastoris

Effective treatment of rheumatoid arthritis can be mediated by native chicken type II collagen(n CCII), recombinant peptide containing n CCII tolerogenic epitopes(CTEs), or a therapeutic DNA vaccine encoding the full-length CCOL2 A1 c DNA. As recombinant CCII(r CCII) might avoid potential pathogenic virus contamination during n CCII preparation or chromosomal integration and oncogene activation associated with DNA vaccines, here we evaluated the importance of propeptide and telopeptide domains on r CCII triple helix molecular assembly. We constructed p C-and p N-procollagen(without N-or Cpropeptides, respectively) as well as CTEs located in the triple helical domain lacking both propeptides and telopeptides, and expressed these in yeast Pichia pastoris host strain GS115(his4, Mut+) simultaneously with recombinant chicken prolyl-4-hydroxylase α and β subunits. Both p C-and p N-procollagen monomers accumulated inside P. pastoris cells, whereas CTE was assembled into homotrimers with stable conformation and secreted into the supernatants, suggesting that the large molecular weight p C-or p N-procollagens were retained within the endoplasmic reticulum whereas the smaller CTEs proceeded through the secretory pathway. Furthermore, resulting recombinant chicken type II collagen p Cα1(II) can induce collagen-induced arthritis(CIA) rat model, which seems to be as effective as the current standard n CCII. Notably, protease digestion assays showed that r CCII could assemble in the absence of C-and N-propeptides or telopeptides. These findings provide new insights into the minimal structural requirements for r CCII expression and folding.

Local Hardy spaces of Musielak-Orlicz type and their applications

Let￠ ： Nn x [0,∞） -4 [0, ∞） be a function such that ￠（x,.） is an Orlicz function and ￠（.,t） ∈ Aloc∞（Nn） （the class of local weights introduced by Rychkov）. In this paper, the authors introduce a local Musielak-Orlicz Hardy space h￠（Nn） by the local grand maximal function, and a local BMO-type space bmo￠（Nn） which is further proved to be the dual space of h￠（Nn）. As an application, the authors prove that the class of pointwise multipliers for the local BMO-type space bmo￠（Nn）, characterized by Nakai and Yabuta, is just the dual of LI（Rn） ＋ hФ0 （Rn）, where Ф is an increasing function on （0, co） satisfying some additional growth conditions and Ф0 a Musielak-Orlicz function induced by Ф. Characterizations of h￠（Rn）, including the atoms, the local vertical and the local nontangential maximal functions, are presented. Using the atomic char- acterization, the authors prove the existence of finite atomic decompositions achieving the norm in some dense subspaces of h￠（Rn）, from which, the authors further deduce some criterions for the boundedness on h￠（Rn） of some sublinear operators. Finally, the authors show that the local Riesz transforms and some pseudo-differential operators are bounded on h￠（Rn）.

An unclassified tibial plateau fracture： Reverse Schatzker type Ⅳ

The most commonly accepted system of classification for tibia plateau fractures is that of Schatzker. Increasingly, both high energy injuries and atypical osteoporotic fragility failures have led to more complex, unusual and previously undescribed fracture patterns being recognized. We present a case of a patient with a previously unreported pattern of tibia plateau fracture and knee dislocation. We highlight the challenges confronted and present the management and the outcomes of his injury. A 28-year old male motorcyclist was involved in a head on collision with a truck and was transferred by helicopter to our level I major trauma centre emergency department. His injuries were a circumferential degloving injury to his left leg and a right lateral tibial plateau fracture/knee dislocation. The pattern of the lateral tibial plateau fracture was unique and did not fit any recognised classification system. The patient received a spanning external fixator initially and after latency of 12 days for soft tissue resuscitation he underwent definite fixation through an antero-lateral approach to the proximal tibia with two cannulated 6.5 mm partially threaded screws and an additional lateral proximal tibia plate in buttress mode. A hinged knee brace was applied with unrestricted range of motion post-operatively and free weight bearing were permitted post operatively. At the 6 months follow up, the patient walks without aids and with no limp. Examination revealed a stable joint and full range of motion. Plain radiographs revealed that the fracture healed with good alignment and the fixation remained stable. High energy injuries can lead to more complicated fracture patterns, which challenge the orthopaedic surgeons in their management. It is crucial to understand the individual fracture pattern and the possible challenges that may occur. This study reports a lateral tibia plateau fracture/dislocation which perhaps is best described as a reverse Schatzker IV type fracture.