对拉恩和福特集合标准型及原型标准的比较评析

自福特首次系统阐述音级集合理论的《无调性音乐的结构》于1973年问世以来,音级集合理论一直就处于不断发展和不断完善的过程中。在这个过程中,即便是集合标准型和原型这样一些基本的概念,也出现了两种明显不同的界定标准,即拉恩标准和福特标准。本文重点对拉恩标准和福特标准以及建立在此基础上的不同求找步骤和集合列表进行了比较和剖析,并对与求找步骤相关的不同求找方式进行简要的比较和评析。

现代连锁较传统经营更富主动性

传统农资经营模式与现代连锁经营模式的区别在于,传统模式是静止的,它只关注土地、技术、劳动力和管理,而现代连锁经营模式是动态的,有标准、品牌、商标、包装、规模、物流等一系列营销手段。尽管连锁并不万能,但它一定在不久成为农资销售方式的主流。

原型谱标准型水轮机尾水管CFD分析及优化设计

本文主要介绍了原型谱标准型水轮机尾水管 CFD 网格划分和 CFD 分析方法。不同进口流速分布规律对4H 尾水管的性能的影响,以及对标准型水轮机尾水管优化设计和 CFD 分析结果。

Study on Classification of Personality-Based Brand Archetype from the Perspective of Internet

Due to the rapid development,Internet has become the main field for brand building.Under this circumstance,the image of the brand is always consistent with the consumers' perception.Therefore,this study uses the method of text mining of search engine to explore the categories of brand archetype based on Brand Personality Theory from the perspective of Internet.The results find that 12 brand archetypes,including caregiver,sage,hero,innocent,dominator,creator,vitality,explorer,stylish woman,lover,cooperator,and vogue gentleman,have a high degree explanation.Deeper study uses case study to verify the reasonability and effectiveness of the classification standard.

Optimum Fish for Fish Glue Processing for Fish Skin Value Added and the Glue Character

Fish glue is the collagen from scale skin and bone of fish. It is known for value added product from fish processing and the adhesive agent for wood paper book binding etc. This work was aimed with the method to produce fish glue from fish skin through representing optimum fish type and its glue character by study on standard method for fish glue processing （using Oreochromis niloticus skin as the model）, optimum fish type and characterization of the glue from optimum fish skin. Soaking fish skin in 0.1 N NaOH for 6 h and changed it every 3 h for pretreatment before acid extraction with 0.5 M acetic acid was the optimum condition for the standard processing. Among 20 types （O. niloticus, Oreochromis sp., Nemipterus sp., Psettodes erumei, Epiephelus malabaricus, Sphyraena obstsata, Channa striata, Xenentodon cancila, Barbonymus gonionotus, Liza vaigiensis, Anabas testudineus, Chanos chanos, Micronema bleekeri, Thunnus tonggol, Rastrelliger brachysom, Epinephelus lanceolatus, Lutjanus lineolatus, Pomadasys hasta, Selar crumenophthalmus and Sardaorentalis sp.）, Chanos chanos was an appropriate type for glue production. Fat, protein, carbohydrate, moisture, pH and viscosity of Chanos chanos glue were 0.32%, 4.23%, 83.8%, 11.56%, 3.35, 4,978.33-8,180 cp, respectively. The glue was collagen type I which was composed ofal （148 kDa） and a2 （129 kDa） chain and could bind paper, wood and foam sheet.

The Stability Criterion Model and Stability Analysis of Waxy Crude Oil Pipeline Transportation System Based on Excess Entropy Production

Based on the theory of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, considering the dynamic effect of molecular diffusion and the change in thermodynamic parameters caused by wax precipitation, the phenomenological relations of different thermodynamic "force" and "flow" interactions were derived. The corresponding thermodynamic model of a waxy crude oil pipeline transportation system was built, and then, the excess entropy production expression was proposed. Furthermore, the stability criterion model of the pipeline transportation system was established on the basis of Lyapounov stability theory. Taking the oil pipeline in Daqing oilfield as an example, based on the four parameters of out-station temperature, out-station pressure, flow rate and water content, the stable and unstable regions of the system were divided, and the formation mechanisms of the two different regions were analyzed. The experimental loop device of wax deposition rate was designed, and then, the wax deposition rate under the four parameters was measured. The results showed that the stable region of the wax deposition rate fluctuation was basically in accordance with the stability region analyzed by the criterion model established in this paper, which proved that the stability criterion model was feasible for analyzing the stability of the waxy crude oil pipeline transportation process.

Degrees of freedom in low rank matrix estimation

The objective of this paper is to quantify the complexity of rank and nuclear norm constrained methods for low rank matrix estimation problems. Specifically, we derive analytic forms of the degrees of freedom for these types of estimators in several common settings. These results provide efficient ways of comparing different estimators and eliciting tuning parameters. Moreover, our analyses reveal new insights on the behavior of these low rank matrix estimators. These observations are of great theoretical and practical importance. In particular, they suggest that, contrary to conventional wisdom, for rank constrained estimators the total number of free parameters underestimates the degrees of freedom, whereas for nuclear norm penalization, it overestimates the degrees of freedom. In addition, when using most model selection criteria to choose the tuning parameter for nuclear norm penalization, it oftentimes suffices to entertain a finite number of candidates as opposed to a continuum of choices. Numerical examples are also presented to illustrate the practical implications of our results.