Recent baby formula milk powder contamination incidents have shown that the classic markers or standards in milk quality control are insufficient in identifying ＂manipulated＂ poor-quality milk. In the present study,...Recent baby formula milk powder contamination incidents have shown that the classic markers or standards in milk quality control are insufficient in identifying ＂manipulated＂ poor-quality milk. In the present study, we demonstrated for the first time that cow milk contains large amounts of microRNAs （miRNAs） and that the unique expression profile of milk-specific miRNAs can serve as a novel indicator and possible new standard for the quafity control of raw milk and milk-related commercial products, such as fluid milk and powdered formula milk. First, using Solexa sequencing, we systematically screened miRNA expression in raw milk and identified a total of 245 miR- NAs in raw milk. Unlike other classic biomarkers whose expression levels are nearly identical at different periods of lactation, individual miRNAs can be significantly altered during lactation process, implicating that miRNAs may be a more accurate indicator to reflect the quality alteration of milk. Second, using TaqMan probe-based miRNA quantitative RT-PCR, we further identified seven miRNAs that have a relatively consistent expression throughout the lactation process, and more importantly, the expression profile of these seven milk-specific miRNAs can serve as an ideal biomarker for discriminating poor-quality or ＂manipulated＂ milk from pure raw milk, as well as for the quality control of commercial milk products, such as fluid milk and powdered formula milk. Together, our findings provide a basis for understanding the physiological role of milk miRNAs and a new potential standard for determining the quality of raw milk or milk-related commercial products.展开更多
A supply chain is a network that performs the procurement of raw material, the transportation of raw material to intermediate and end products, and the distribution of end products to retailers or customers. Installat...A supply chain is a network that performs the procurement of raw material, the transportation of raw material to intermediate and end products, and the distribution of end products to retailers or customers. Installation and operation of distribution centers and all downstream members play a vital role in fulfilling the customers demand and have a great impact for supply chain management performance. In this paper we address a new approach for solving a supply chain optimization model to decide distribution centers based on environmental consideration.展开更多
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30225037, 30471991, 30570731）, the 973 Program of China （2006CB503909, 2004CB518603）, the ＂111＂ Project, and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province （BK2004082, BIC2006714）.
文摘Recent baby formula milk powder contamination incidents have shown that the classic markers or standards in milk quality control are insufficient in identifying ＂manipulated＂ poor-quality milk. In the present study, we demonstrated for the first time that cow milk contains large amounts of microRNAs （miRNAs） and that the unique expression profile of milk-specific miRNAs can serve as a novel indicator and possible new standard for the quafity control of raw milk and milk-related commercial products, such as fluid milk and powdered formula milk. First, using Solexa sequencing, we systematically screened miRNA expression in raw milk and identified a total of 245 miR- NAs in raw milk. Unlike other classic biomarkers whose expression levels are nearly identical at different periods of lactation, individual miRNAs can be significantly altered during lactation process, implicating that miRNAs may be a more accurate indicator to reflect the quality alteration of milk. Second, using TaqMan probe-based miRNA quantitative RT-PCR, we further identified seven miRNAs that have a relatively consistent expression throughout the lactation process, and more importantly, the expression profile of these seven milk-specific miRNAs can serve as an ideal biomarker for discriminating poor-quality or ＂manipulated＂ milk from pure raw milk, as well as for the quality control of commercial milk products, such as fluid milk and powdered formula milk. Together, our findings provide a basis for understanding the physiological role of milk miRNAs and a new potential standard for determining the quality of raw milk or milk-related commercial products.
文摘A supply chain is a network that performs the procurement of raw material, the transportation of raw material to intermediate and end products, and the distribution of end products to retailers or customers. Installation and operation of distribution centers and all downstream members play a vital role in fulfilling the customers demand and have a great impact for supply chain management performance. In this paper we address a new approach for solving a supply chain optimization model to decide distribution centers based on environmental consideration.
