Nematodes of the Anisakidae family are important parasites that can cause anisakiasis--human parasitic infection of gastrointestinal tract. Allergic symptoms can arise as secondary immune response after infection by l...Nematodes of the Anisakidae family are important parasites that can cause anisakiasis--human parasitic infection of gastrointestinal tract. Allergic symptoms can arise as secondary immune response after infection by living parasite. In the life cycle of these parasites, intermediate, definitive and paratenic hosts （fish） might occur. In most cases, human anisakiasis is caused by consumption of fish which are infected with the larvae of the Anisakidae family. The purpose of the article was to assess the definitive host, the geographical spread of the parasites and the risk associated with consumption of raw fish and fishery products. Furthermore, this article describes symptoms and treatment of anisakiasis and kinds of preventive measures that can be taken to prevent anisakiasis.展开更多
The cost of raw materials has the largest contribution to the final price of biodiesel produced by traditional routes, currently adopted in most industrial scale processes. That contribution comes from the need to use...The cost of raw materials has the largest contribution to the final price of biodiesel produced by traditional routes, currently adopted in most industrial scale processes. That contribution comes from the need to use edible and noble oils, with low acidity, such as soybean oil. This work proposes＇the use of Macauba oil, a vegetable oil in focus in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in which the current extractive yield generates a raw material with high acidity, therefore, not suitable to be used in biodiesel production. To make it technically feasible, a cationic exchange resin, the Purolite CT275DR, was used as a catalyst for esterification reaction with samples of Macauba oil, aiming to reduce its acidity. The resin can be reused, regenerated and easily removed from the reaction product, reducing costs with catalyst and purification stages. As a result of this work, in a sample of oil with an initial acidity of about 10% m/m were achieved acidity reductions up to 97% by using cationic resins as catalyst, demonstrating its potential use in the oil pretreatrnent step. Additionally, the data collected during all the analysis made it possible to define the chemical kinetic of the esterification reaction.展开更多
文摘Nematodes of the Anisakidae family are important parasites that can cause anisakiasis--human parasitic infection of gastrointestinal tract. Allergic symptoms can arise as secondary immune response after infection by living parasite. In the life cycle of these parasites, intermediate, definitive and paratenic hosts （fish） might occur. In most cases, human anisakiasis is caused by consumption of fish which are infected with the larvae of the Anisakidae family. The purpose of the article was to assess the definitive host, the geographical spread of the parasites and the risk associated with consumption of raw fish and fishery products. Furthermore, this article describes symptoms and treatment of anisakiasis and kinds of preventive measures that can be taken to prevent anisakiasis.
文摘The cost of raw materials has the largest contribution to the final price of biodiesel produced by traditional routes, currently adopted in most industrial scale processes. That contribution comes from the need to use edible and noble oils, with low acidity, such as soybean oil. This work proposes＇the use of Macauba oil, a vegetable oil in focus in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in which the current extractive yield generates a raw material with high acidity, therefore, not suitable to be used in biodiesel production. To make it technically feasible, a cationic exchange resin, the Purolite CT275DR, was used as a catalyst for esterification reaction with samples of Macauba oil, aiming to reduce its acidity. The resin can be reused, regenerated and easily removed from the reaction product, reducing costs with catalyst and purification stages. As a result of this work, in a sample of oil with an initial acidity of about 10% m/m were achieved acidity reductions up to 97% by using cationic resins as catalyst, demonstrating its potential use in the oil pretreatrnent step. Additionally, the data collected during all the analysis made it possible to define the chemical kinetic of the esterification reaction.
