In the past five years, PeroChina has signed seven contracts for overseas petroleum exploration and development. Those projects are scattering in seven countries in three main regions - Central Asia and Russia, the Mi...In the past five years, PeroChina has signed seven contracts for overseas petroleum exploration and development. Those projects are scattering in seven countries in three main regions - Central Asia and Russia, the Middle East and North Africa as well as South America. Currently, PeroChina has obtained the equity recoverable reserves of 460 million tons worldwide with the annual crude oil production reaching 13.5 million tons. In addition, PetroChina is making ambitious efforts to seek new opportunities in Asia-Pacific region and North America for increase of its equity oil from overseas business.展开更多
Considering the flexibility and controllability of heat exchanger networks (HENs), bypasses are widely used for effective control of process stream target temperatures. However, the optimal location for the bypass is ...Considering the flexibility and controllability of heat exchanger networks (HENs), bypasses are widely used for effective control of process stream target temperatures. However, the optimal location for the bypass is generally difficult to design with the trade-off between controllability and capital investments. In this paper, based on the steady-state model of heat exchanger networks the optimal bypass location was firstly selected by iteratively calculating the non-square Relative Gain Array (ns-RGA). To simplify the calculation process, rules of bypass selection were also proposed. In order to evaluate this method, then, the structural controllability of heat exchanger networks was analyzed. With both the consideration of the controllability and capital investments, the bypasses locations were finally selected. A case study on the HEN in Crude Distillation Unit was presented in which the ns-RGA and structural controllability were used to select bypasses and also to evaluate the results.展开更多
文摘In the past five years, PeroChina has signed seven contracts for overseas petroleum exploration and development. Those projects are scattering in seven countries in three main regions - Central Asia and Russia, the Middle East and North Africa as well as South America. Currently, PeroChina has obtained the equity recoverable reserves of 460 million tons worldwide with the annual crude oil production reaching 13.5 million tons. In addition, PetroChina is making ambitious efforts to seek new opportunities in Asia-Pacific region and North America for increase of its equity oil from overseas business.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21006127), the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB720500) and the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum, Beijing (YJRC-2011-11).
文摘Considering the flexibility and controllability of heat exchanger networks (HENs), bypasses are widely used for effective control of process stream target temperatures. However, the optimal location for the bypass is generally difficult to design with the trade-off between controllability and capital investments. In this paper, based on the steady-state model of heat exchanger networks the optimal bypass location was firstly selected by iteratively calculating the non-square Relative Gain Array (ns-RGA). To simplify the calculation process, rules of bypass selection were also proposed. In order to evaluate this method, then, the structural controllability of heat exchanger networks was analyzed. With both the consideration of the controllability and capital investments, the bypasses locations were finally selected. A case study on the HEN in Crude Distillation Unit was presented in which the ns-RGA and structural controllability were used to select bypasses and also to evaluate the results.