循环荷载下原状结构红粘土累积塑性应变模型

基于循环荷载作用下原状结构红粘土εp-lgN试验曲线簇,采用经典的对数函数模型对稳定性曲线、Monismith指数函数模型对破坏型曲线进行拟合分析,获得了相应模型参数的拟合公式,得出发散型对数函数模型不适宜于稳定型曲线的结论。针对稳定型曲线收敛的特点,提出了一个新的稳定型曲线累积塑性应变数学模型。与发散型对数函数模型比较,新模型具有收敛性,能更好地模拟稳定型曲线的变化规律。利用新模型对不同试验条件下原状结构红粘土稳定型曲线进行拟合,获得了新模型参数拟合公式。基于原状结构红粘土临界动应力试验值,引入了一个新的参数"动应力比",该参数的引入能很好地降低试验数据点的离散性。

结构性对原状黄土强度影响规律的真三轴试验研究

岩土材料的强度问题一直是岩土力学研究的热点。在对多种不同结构性原状黄土的真三轴试验基础上,分析了不同结构性原状黄土的强度变化规律。结果表明,当含水率较低时,干密度变化对结构性原状黄土的强度影响较大于含水率的变化,反之,含水率变化对结构性原状黄土的影响大于干密度的变化;当结构性黄土的强度越大时,其在π平面上的破坏线越接近于抹圆曲边三角形;反之,当结构性黄土的强度越小时,其在π平面上的破坏线越接近于抹圆角三角形;结构性黄土随着结构性的增大,在π平面上的强度破坏线从抹圆角三角形逐渐向抹圆曲边三角形发展,最终趋近于Mises圆。各种原状黄土的摩擦角φ13随中主应力比b值的增大而微弱减小,而内凝聚力c随着中主应力比b值的增大呈现先增大后减小的变化。

基于三维扫描和三维雕刻技术的岩石结构面原状重构方法及其力学特性

为了客观重复制作与原岩结构面的岩性、表面形态和力学性质完全一致的试样,集成三维扫描和三维雕刻技术,提出了原岩结构面试样重构新方法。采用该方法制作了具有相同表面形态的大理岩结构面试样,开展了不同法向力下的直剪试验,并采用声发射技术对结构面剪切破坏过程进行了监测。结果表明:重构结构面试样与原始结构面试样具有高度相似性;结构面剪应力-剪切位移曲线可分为两类:剪胀滑移型和剪断跌落型;剪切破坏后结构面可明显地划分为两个区域:剪胀脱开区和剪断磨损区;提出了结构面剪切强度新公式,理论公式与试验结果更接近;结构面剪切过程中剪应力、能量率、计数、撞击率随时间的变化规律具有较好的一致性,声发射定位位置与剪切过程中结构面损伤破坏区域基本吻合。

结构性剑桥模型的修正研究

Liu等通过对原状结构性土的压缩试验试验研究,分析了与修正剑桥模型研究的重塑土的变形特性的差异,基于修正剑桥模型的基础上提出了反映结构性影响的参数,建立了结构性剑桥模型。Liu等结构性剑桥模型物理意义明确,对结构性的表述简单,能较好的定性及定量反映结构性黏土的重要特性。然而,天然沉积软黏土的e?lnp压缩曲线在屈服后阶段的直线段不明显,并且不能全面、客观地反映天然沉积软黏土的压缩特性,给建立土体的结构性模型带来不便和误差。通过引入ln(1?e)?lnp双对数坐标,可以有效地改善天然沉积软黏土压缩曲线在e?lnp坐标中的非线性关系,克服了假定天然沉积软黏土e?lnp线性压缩曲线不能真实反映天然沉积软黏土的压缩性质的缺点,建立了天然沉积软黏土在双对数坐标下的修正结构性剑桥模型。

不同结构性黄土的强度规律及传统强度准则适应性分析

在真三轴试验基础上揭示了多种不同结构性原状黄土的强度变化规律,分析了在岩土工程实践中常用的Mohr-Coulomb准则和Matsuoka-Nakai准则对不同结构性原状黄土的适应性。结果表明:当结构性黄土的强度越大时,其在π平面上的破坏线越接近于抹圆曲边三角形,反之其在π平面上的破坏线越接近于抹圆角三角形;结构性黄土随着结构性的增大在π平面上的强度破坏线从抹圆角三角形逐渐向抹圆曲边三角形发展,最终趋近于Mises圆;两个强度准则所描述的强度都比结构性原状黄土的实际强度值小,Mohr-Coulomb准则的误差比Matsuoka-Nakai准则的误差大,并且随着结构性的增强其误差也逐渐增大。

原状欠固结土的力学特性试验研究

原状土的结构性对它的力学性质影响显著。通过多应力路径的原状土与重塑土的试验结果比较来揭示原状土体从小应变到大应变的特殊力学特性及应力路径的影响。从等压固结对比试验可看出该原状样明显的结构性与欠固结性。对于原状欠固结土,体应变对土体结构性的破坏要大于剪应变。原状欠固结土的结构性对土体强度的影响主要表现在内摩擦角的增大。土体小应变时表现出明显的高刚度与非线性。通过不同方向切样的原状土试验结果对比,反映了原状土体存在明显的各向异性,结构性引起的各向异性在应变越小时越明显。

黄土构度指标与结构屈服压力关系的试验研究

黄土是一种强结构性的土,通过制备两种黄土的原状样、重塑样和饱和原状样,进行了两种结构性黄土不同含水量的高压侧限固结试验,描述了不同种类黄土的压缩曲线的特征;分析了结构屈服压力的变化规律,得出了结构屈服压力与含水量的函数关系式。结合初始结构性状态量——构度指标,研究了结构屈服压力与构度指标之间的关系,通过建立二者之间的联系,进一步分析了结构性黄土的构度指标的合理性及构度值的变化规律。

红黏土临界动应力与高铁无碴轨道路堑基床换填厚度

针对武广高速铁路无碴轨道红黏土路堑基床长期动力稳定与换填厚度问题,利用改造后的应力控制式动三轴仪,研究了循环荷载作用下原状结构红黏土动应变随振次的变化规律,获得了11种试验条下原状结构红黏土临界动应力。按曲线走势特征,红黏土εd?lg N曲线可分为衰减型、临界型、破坏型3类,具有与其它黏性土相同的曲线型式。基于室内动力试验及现场动响应测试成果,采用临界动应力法初步评价了武广高速铁路无碴轨道红黏土路堑基床的长期动力稳定性,给出了相应的基床换填厚度最小值。探讨了含水比、围压、固结比对红黏土临界动应力及路堑基床换填厚度的影响,通过多元线性回归得到了两个简单实用的经验估算公式。红黏土临界动应力随含水比的增大线性减小,随围压、固结比的增大线性增大。基床换填厚度随含水比的增大线性增大,随围压的增大线性减小,固结比对基床换填厚度的影响就本次试验成果而言还不明显。研究成果为我国高速铁路无碴轨道路堑基床长期动力稳定性评价及换填厚度的确定提出了新的思路和方法,也为红黏土动力特性的深入研究积累了宝贵的第一手资料。

红粘土动本构关系与动模量衰减模型

针对高速交通循环荷载下红粘土路堑基床的动力稳定性问题,基于大量室内动三轴试验,研究了不同试验条件下原状结构红粘土动本构关系及动模量衰减规律。试验成果表明:原状结构红粘土动本构关系仍可用R.L.Kondner双曲线模型描述;动模量随动应变的增大非线性减小,具有明显的应变软化特征。围压、固结比、含水比对红粘土动本构特征及动模量衰减规律均有明显影响。不考虑其它因素,随围压或固结比的增大,动本构曲线逐渐偏向应力轴,随含水比的增大,动本构曲线逐渐偏离应力轴。同等条件下,动模量随围压、固结比的增大而增大,随含水比的增大而减小。基于回归分析,给出了不同试验条件下原状结构红粘土双曲线模型参数、动模量衰减经验公式及其拟合参数。

高铁无碴轨道路堑基床换填厚度与动力稳定

针对武广高速铁路无碴轨道红黏土路堑基床换填厚度的确定问题,基于室内动力试验与现场动力响应测试成果,分别采用临界动应力法、动剪应变法初步评价红黏土路堑基床的长期动力稳定性,给出同时满足动强度和动变形条件的基床最小换填厚度理论值。在此基础上,综合考虑铁路路基构造要求、实测路基动响应影响深度、红黏土的特殊工程性质、安全储备等因素,给出便于工程应用的红黏土路堑基床最小换填厚度建议值。含水比、围压对基床换填厚度的影响表现为:换填厚度随含水比的增大而增大,随围压的增大而减小。对比分析表明:如果高铁无碴轨道路基满足动变形条件,则动强度条件就自动满足;动变形是高铁无碴轨道路基长期动力稳定的控制因素;动剪应变法是一种优于临界动应力法的高铁无碴轨道路基长期动力稳定性评价方法。研究成果为高速铁路无碴轨道路堑基床换填厚度的确定提供新的思路。

武广客运专线路堑红粘土临界动应力疲劳试验研究

针对武广客运专线路堑红粘土在列车循环荷载作用下产生动变形及动力稳定性问题,利用疲劳动三轴试验,首次研究了循环荷载作用下原状结构红粘土动应变随振次的变化规律,获得了不同试验条下原状结构红粘土的临界动应力,并给出其估算公式.探讨了含水比、围压、固结比对临界动应力的影响.

A dendritic Cu/Cu_(2)O structure with high curvature enables rapid and efficient reduction of carbon dioxide to C_(2) in an H-cell

Electrocatalytic reduction of CO_(2)(CO_(2)RR)to multicarbon products is an efficient approach for ad-dressing the energy crisis and achieving carbon neutrality.In H-cells,achieving high-current C_(2)products is challenging because of the inefficient mass transfer of the catalyst and the presence of the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).In this study,dendritic Cu/Cu_(2)O with abundant Cu^(0)/Cu^(+)interfaces and numerous dendritic curves was synthesized in a CO_(2)atmosphere,resulting in the high selectivity and current density of the C_(2)products.Dendritic Cu/Cu_(2)O achieved a C_(2)Faradaic efficiency of 69.8%and a C_(2)partial current density of 129.5 mA cm^(-2)in an H-cell.Finite element simulations showed that a dendritic structure with a high curvature generates a strong electric field,leading to a localized CO_(2)concentration.Additionally,DRT analysis showed that a dendritic struc-ture with a high curvature actively adsorbed the surrounding high concentration of CO_(2),enhancing the mass transfer rate and achieving a high current density.During the experiment,the impact of the electronic structure on the performance of the catalyst was investigated by varying the atomic ratio of Cu^(0)/Cu^(+) on the catalyst surface,which resulted in improved ethylene selectivity.Under the optimal atomic ratio of Cu^(0)/Cu^(+),the charge transfer resistance was minimized,and the desorption rate of the intermediates was low,favoring C_(2) generation.Density functional theory calculations indicated that the Cu^(0)/Cu^(+) interfaces exhibited a lower Gibbs free energy for the rate-determining step,enhancing C_(2)H_(4) formation.The Cu/Cu_(2)O catalyst also exhibited a low Cu d-band center,which enhanced the adsorption stability of *CO on the surface and facilitated C_(2)formation.This observa-tion explained the higher yield of C_(2) products at the Cu^(0)/Cu^(+) interface than that of H_(2) under rapid mass transfer.The results of the net present value model showed that the H-cell holds promising industrial prospects,contingent upon it being a catalyst with both high selectivity and high current density.This approach of integrating the structure and composition provides new insights for ad-vancing the CO_(2)RR towards high-current C_(2) products.

武都水库坝基抗滑稳定研究钻探取心工艺

为了配合武都水库技施阶段坝基抗滑稳定的进一步研究,查明坝基岩体中的断层破碎带、层间错动带以及缓倾角裂隙较发育等软弱结构面的特征,在钻进中采用清水金刚石钻探工艺,配以SDB双级单动半合式内管金刚石钻具,使岩心采取率基本达到了100%,取出了原状结构的岩样,为坝基的抗滑稳定研究提供了可靠的依据。

A facile sulfur-assisted method to synthesize porous alveolate Fe/g-C3N4 catalysts with ultra-small cluster and atomically dispersed Fe sites

Heterogeneous catalysts with ultra-small clusters and atomically dispersed(USCAD)active sites have gained increasing attention in recent years.However,developing USCAD catalysts with high-density metal sites anchored in porous nanomaterials is still challenging.Here,through the template-free S-assisted pyrolysis of low-cost Fe-salts with melamine(MA),porous alveolate Fe/g-C3N4 catalysts with high-density(Fe loading up to 17.7 wt%)and increased USCAD Fe sites were synthesized.The presence of a certain amount of S species in the Fe-salts/MA system plays an important role in the formation of USCAD S-Fe-salt/CN catalysts;the S species act as a"sacrificial carrier"to increase the dispersion of Fe species through Fe-S coordination and generate porous alveolate structure by escaping in the form of SO2 during pyrolysis.The S-Fe-salt/CN catalysts exhibit greatly promoted activity and reusability for degrading various organic pollutants in advanced oxidation processes compared to the corresponding Fe-salt/CN catalysts,due to the promoted accessibility of USCAD Fe sites by the porous alveolate structure.This S-assisted method exhibits good feasibility in a large variety of S species(thiourea,S powder,and NH4SCN)and Fe salts,providing a new avenue for the low-cost and large-scale synthesis of high-density USCAD metal/g-C3N4 catalysts.

Porous layered La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Fe_(0.8)O_(3)perovskite with enhanced catalytic activities for oxygen reduction

Low-cost catalysts with high activity are in immediate demand for energy storage and conversion devices.In this study,polyvinyl pyrrolidone was used as a complexing agent to synthesize La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Fe_(0.8)O_(3)(LSCF)perovskite oxide.The obtained porous layered LSCF has a large specific surface area of 23.74 m^(2)/g,four times higher than that prepared by the traditional sol-gel method(5.08 m^(2)/g).The oxygen reduction reaction activity of the oxide in 0.1 mol/L KOH solution was studied using a rotating ring-disk electrode.In the tests,the initial potential of 0.88 V(vs.reversible hydrogen electrode)and the limiting diffusion current density of 5.02 mA/cm^(2)were obtained at 1600 r/min.Therefore,higher catalytic activity and stability were demonstrated,compared with the preparation of LSCF perovskite oxide by the traditional method.

Amorphous Fe Nanoclusters Embedded inside Balloon-Like N-Doped Hollow Carbon for Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction

Rational designs of electrocatalytic active sites and architectures are of great importance to develop cost-efficient non-noble metal electrocatalysts towards efficient oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)for high-performance energy conversion and storage devices.In this work,active amorphous Fe-based nanoclusters(Fe NC)are elaborately embedded at the inner surface of balloonlike N-doped hollow carbon(Fe NC/Csphere)as an efficient ORR electrocatalyst with an ultrathin wall of about 10 nm.When evaluated for electrochemical performance,Fe NC/Csphere exhibits decent ORR activity with a diffusionlimited current density of~5.0 mA/cm^(2)and a half-wave potential of~0.81 V in alkaline solution,which is comparable with commercial Pt/C and superior to Fe nanoparticles supported on carbon sheet(Fe NP/C sheet)counterpart.The electrochemical analyses combined with electronic structure characterizations reveal that robust Fe-N interactions in amorphous Fe nanoclusters are helpful for the adsorption of surface oxygen-relative species,and the strong support effect of N-doped hollow carbon is benefitial for accelerating the interfacial electron transfer,which jointly contributes to improve ORR kinetics for Fe NC/Csphere.

Multifunctional interfacial and structural anode for dendrite-free lithium metal-based batteries

Lithium(Li)metal is considered as the candidate for the next generation of Li metal battery(LMB)anodes due to its high capacity and the lowest potential,which is expected to meet the requirements of energy storage devices.Unfortunately,the uncontrollable growth of Li dendrites during the charge/discharge process,as well as the resulting problems of poor cycling stability,low coulomb efficiency and safety risk,has restricted the commercialization of Li anode.Herein,an in-situ interfacial film containing three-dimensional(3D)rod-like micron-structure silver(Ag)is constructed on the surface of the Li metal.Due to the 3D rod-like micron-structure used to homogenize the distribution of current density,achieving uniform nucleation and growth of electrodeposited Li,the produced Li-Ag alloy was employed to restrain the formation of“dead”Li and the in-situ formed LiNO_(3) was utilized to facilitate the stability of solid-electrolyte interface(SEI)film,so the growth of dendritic Li is suppressed via the synergistic effect of structure and surface chemistry regulation.The obtained Li anode can achieve cycling stability at a high current density of 10 mA/cm^(2).This work considers multiaspect factors inducing uniform Li electrodeposition,and provides new insights for the commercialization of LMB.

Associations in the Two-Nucleon Transfer Reactions

On the basis of the association theory of nuclear structure, we have studied the （t, p） reaction. Study was carried out with the distorted plane waves of triton and of proton. It has been suggested that bineutron association is acceptable if the time during which the association maintains its structure, is large compared with the time when neutrons are in a dissociated form, and there is no exchange of nucleons between fragments associations. The cross section is written as a product of two factors, one is the spectroscopic factor which reflects the nature of the nuclear structure concerned and the other describes the process in which the target nucleus captures two nucleons as a cluster into an orbit which is characterized by a form factor. In the argument, that the radial wave function of two neutrons which form association captured nuclei close to each other, this leads to the formation of bineutron association on the nuclei surface. In this approach, the proton is emitted at the same point, which is captured bineutron association.

Study on the Tin （IV） Complex of 4,5-benzo-1,2-dithiole-3-thione with IR, Analysis Centesimal, and Theatrically

A tin （IV） complex with 4,5-benzo-1,2-dithiol-3-thione （C7H4S3） （A）, [SnCI4 （C7H4S3）2] （B） was synthesized. The structure of the obtained complex （B） was characterized by Infrared Spectroscopy （IR）, analysis centesimal composition, and theoretical study. The complex （B） has an octahedral structure, where a tin in the center takes an octahedral geometry and is coordinated by four atoms of chlorine and two thiocarbonyl sulfur atom （C=S） of the ligand.