扩展型关联规则和原关联规则及其若干性质

已有的关联规则模型所反映的基本上是频繁事件中所隐藏的一种积极或肯定关系 ,而没有反应其隐含的否定关系 ,在实际应用中 ,这种否定关系与肯定关系一样也是很重要的 ,在此论述的扩展型关联规则模型就能反映上述两种关系 ,据此可以得到更多的规则知识 ;此外 ,由于 Apriori关联规则生成方法产生的关联规则具有较大的冗余性 ,论述的原关联规则可以消除关联规则的这种冗余特性 ,挖掘原关联规则既能大大减少关联规则的数目 ,又能节省规则生成时间 ;把扩展型关联规则和原关联规则相结合 ,可使得对扩展关联规则的挖掘更加有效 .

原关联规则及其应用

在大型数据库项目之间发现关联规则是一个重要的数据挖掘问题,而挖掘出的关联规则数目常常是巨大的。文中介绍了简单关联规则和原关联规则的概念,而传统算法挖掘出的关联规则集中的任何规则,均可以由原关联规则导出,并且原关联规则的数目远远小于传统算法挖掘出的关联规则数目。对简单关联规则和原关联规则进行了分析比较,给出了挖掘原关联规则算法,并举例说明算法的执行过程。

一种有效产生关联规则的方法

在大型数据库项目之间发现关联规则是一个重要的数据挖掘问题,而挖掘出的关联规则数目常常是巨大的.该文介绍了原关联规则的概念,证明了传统算法挖掘出的关联规则集中的任何规则,均可以由原关联规则导出,而原关联规则的数目远远小于传统算法挖掘出的关联规则数目.文中给出产生原关联规则的算法并举例说明算法的执行过程.

从契约—代理视角解读古代中国税收确立与实现背后的法理

从夏朝到清朝,各朝代的建立、税制的出台、税赋的征收,其背后贯穿着元规则、正规则、契约论、代理制。在皇权税制的正规则之下,在契约—代理的动态税赋征收机制之中,伴随着皇帝、官员腐败的潜规则运用,是利益支配下,潜规则附着正规则,以利益最大化为目标的皇帝、官员、百姓之间的一场利益分割的博弈。并且每一次朝代的更迭都伴随着上一朝代税收实现的终止和下一朝代税收确立及税收实施的开始,朝代与朝代相连,皇权税制之下的契约—代理税赋征收机制中的潜规则以朝代为周期周而复始循环。

原产地规则及其在WTO法律框架内的适用

随着关税的大幅度降低 ,原产地规则日益成为推行国家经济政策、实行贸易保护的工具。本文从分析原产地规则的贸易影响入手 ,着重研究了原产地规则在 WTO主要领域应用时将会产生的冲突和争议。最后分析了我国适用原产地规则的现状及建议。

Large Scale VLSI Module Placement Using LFF Heuristics by Stages

We present a deterministic algorithm for large-scale VLSI module placement. Following the less flexibility first （LFF） principle,we simulate a manual packing process in which the concept of placement by stages is introduced to reduce the overall evaluation complexity. The complexity of the proposed algorithm is （N1 ＋ N2 ） × O（ n^2 ） ＋ N3× O（n^4lgn） ,where N1, N2 ,and N3 denote the number of modules in each stage, N1 ＋ N2 ＋ N3 = n, and N3〈〈 n. This complexity is much less than the original time complexity of O（n^5lgn）. Experimental results indicate that this approach is quite promising.

Action rules of H_2 and CO in gas-based direct reduction of iron ore pellets

Alastraet： The gas-based direct reduction of iron ore pellets was carried out by simulating the typical gas composition in coal gasification process, Midrex and HyMII processes. The influences of gas composition and temperature on reduction were studied. Results show that the increasing of HE proportion is helpful to improve the reduction rate. However, when ~o（H2）：~o（CO）〉1.6：1, changes of HE content have little influence on it. Appropriate reduction temperature is about 950 ℃, and higher temperature （1 000 ℃） may unfavorably slow the reduction rate. From the kinetics analysis at 950 ℃, the most part of reduction course is likely controlled by interfacial chemical reaction mechanism and in the final stage controlled by a combined effect of gaseous diffusion and interfacial chemical reaction mechanisms. From the utilizations study of different reducing gases at 950 ℃, the key step in reduction course is the 3rd stage （FeO→Fe）, and the utilization of reducing gas increases with the rise of HE proportion.

Retrieval Snow Depth by Artificial Neural Network Methodology from Integrated AMSR-E and In-situ Data——A Case Study in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

On the basis of artificial neural network (ANN) model, this paper presents an algorithm for inversing snow depth with use of AMSR-E (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System (EOS)) dataset, i.e., brightness temperature at 18.7 and 36.5GHz in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the snow season of 2002-2003. In order to overcome the overfitting problem in ANN modeling, this methodology adopts a Bayesian regularization approach. The experiments are performed to compare the results obtained from the ANN-based algorithm with those obtained from other existing algorithms, i.e., Chang algorithm, spectral polarization difference (SPD) algorithm, and temperature gradient (TG) algorithm. The experimental results show that the presented algorithm has the highest accuracy in estimating snow depth. In addition, the effects of the noises in datasets on model fitting can be decreased due to adopting the Bayesian regularization approach.

Observation of Transcription Regulation in the Mouse Heart Nuclear DNA Fragments and the Specific-protein Interaction by AFM

Using atom force microscopy (AFM), in vitro transcription, PAGE and other experimental technologies, it is observed that, in active genes of mice (Balb/c) nuclear DNA fragments of non-transcriptional state, only regulation sequences at both ends are associated with scaffold proteins (indissociable proteins) and some transcriptional factors such as complexes (dissociable proteins) made of gene-coding proteins and specific auxiliary small molecules, while there are no combining proteins in intermediate coding sequences. However, in active genes of transcriptional state, both regulation sequences and intermediate coding sequences are associated with active transcriptional factors by non-covalent bonds.This paper shows the prospective application of AFM observation and in vitro transcription in the research on gene expression and regulation. It also offers some theoretical basis for localization of specific genes in human genomes.

Automatic drawing of the geologic profile of an underground mine based on COMGIS

This paper introduces a method of building a prototype system of geologic profile auto-drawing.A.NET development platform and integrated environment was used along with a component based design,a B/S system model,and XML techniques.Knowledge rules for creating geologic profiles and generating virtual drilling data from existing bore data and expert,hand-drawn geologic profiles were acquired. Then a prototype system was established by utilizing the known knowledge rules,topological relationships, and semantic relationships among strata.This system has a friendly human-computer interface and can meet requirements of mutual queries between attribute and spatial data.The generated profile map is editable.This study provides a new powerful tool for underground mine work.

Globalization and Education for All： The Challenge of the Twenty-First Century

Recently more and more people talk about ＂globalization＂ with loads of semasiological variety： mainly economic but also cultural. Many perceive it as a significant progress, others as an undisputed threat. However, despite the euphoria that faces this phenomenon, globalization is an evolving process. The fact remains that this is a progressive development of economic, scientific, political, and cultural aspects of all peoples of planet Earth turning it into a big city with many differences, in particular in education and educational activities. This paper will try to illuminate fundamental issues as： （1} understanding the notion of globalization in relation to both pedagogical principles in the field： the integrity and completeness; （2） elements of globalization, as a necessary process and development factor; and （3） ＂education for all＂ challenges for the twenty-first century. The content of global education in the scientific publication is given analytical processing, linking globalization in education with the development of democracy and human rights, global ethics, the influence of European norms, standards and the global world, the impact of European and world norms and standards, as well as the penetration of global civic cultural elements.

A Roadmap to Lean Production Implementation for Small Scale Nigerian Wire and Cable Companies

The increasing customers＇ demands in terms of speed of service and reduced cost at higher quality has generated a new platform on which manufacturing companies compete. This heightened challenge is virtually driving all manufacturing companies to introducing lean manufacturing principles into their production systems. This paper focuses on the analysis of the current state mapping of a case study and then proposes a future state mapping to the company. The extruder 60 production line of Denki wires and cables limited, Akure, Nigeria was carefully evaluated. Data were collected from actual operators on the shop floor and feedbacks from the customers at the Gemba. Denki＇s extruder 60 production line production lead time was massively reduced from 38.42 days to 5.16 days with a 12.86% waste reduction. At the end, a practical way of implementing this aspect of lean manufacturing was suggested.

司法的期待

很多时候,期待来源于不满。机械司法并不是我们想要的司法现实,我们希望做得更好,因为我们深知司法作为原规则背后有巨大的期待。办案子的时候还要想想别人的人生,已经成为新的司法期待。我们已经迈入一个新的法治时代,在这个时代里,人性司法正在成为新的司法价值期待。

Springback equation of small curvature plane bending

A new analytical method for springback of small curvature plane bending is addressed with unloading rule of classical elastic-plastic theory and principle of strain superposition.We start from strain analysis of plane bending which has initial curvature,and the theoretic derivation is on the widely applicable basic hypotheses.The results are unified to geometry constraint equations and springback equation of plane bending,which can be evolved to straight beam plane bending and pure bending.The expanding and setting round process is one of the situations of plane bending,which is a bend-stretching process of plane curved beam.In the present study,springback equation of plane bending is used to analyze the expanding and setting round process,and the results agree with the experimental data.With a reasonable prediction accuracy,this new analytical method for springback of plane bending can meet the needs of applications in engineering.

Spontaneous Excitation of an Accelerated Detector Interacting with a Massive Scalar Field and Unruh Effect

We study spontaneous excitation of both a static detector （modelled by a two-level atom） immersed in a thermal bath and a uniformly accelerated one in the Minkowski vacuum interacting with a real massive scalar field. Our results show that the mass of the scalar field manifests itself in the spontaneous excitation rate of the static detector in a thermal bath （and in vacuum） in the form of a selection rule for transitions among states of the detector. However, this selection rule disappears for the accelerated ones, demonstrating that an accelerated detector does not necessarily behave the same as an inertial one in a thermal bath. We lind the imprint left by the mass is the appearance of a grey-body factor in the spontaneous excitation and de-excitation rates, which maintains the detailed balance condition between them and thus ensures a thermal equilibrium at the Unruh temperature the same as that of the massless case. We also analyze quantitatively the effect of the mass on the rate of change of the detector＇s energy and find that when the mass is very small, it only induces a small negative correction. However, when it is very large, it then exponentially damps the rate, thus essentially forbidding any transitions among states of the detector.

Design rules of pseudocapacitive electrode materials:ion adsorption,diffusion,and electron transmission over prototype TiO_(2)

The development of a high-performing pseudocapacitor requires a comprehensive understanding of electrode materials from the aspects of electron transfer and electrolyte ion adsorption and diffusion.Herein,these factors are considered over the prototype TiO_(2),and a high pseudocapacitance is achieved via the introduction of various defects,i.e.,oxygen defect(V_(O))and co-doped defect(V_(O)+N_(O)).The study is based on joint explorations of first-principle calculations and the transfer matrix method.Relative to pristine TiO_(2)(300 F g^(-1)),defective TiO_(2) produces pseudocapacitance as high as 1700 F g^(-1).Moreover,defects induce small barriers for electron transmission caused by surface band bending.The climbing image nudged elastic band diffusion of H ions displays a much higher barrier in TiO_(2)-V_(O) than in TiO_(2)-V_(O)+N_(O).Such a result indicates easy H diffusion in the co-doped system.This work provides insights into the adsorption and diffusion of electrolyte ions and the influence of defects on electron transfer.The results are also significant for the design and optimization of electrode materials for the next generation of supercapacitors.