The magnetization reduction of hematite using biomass waste can effectively utilize waste and reduce CO_(2) emission to achieve the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.The effects of temperatures on suspensi...The magnetization reduction of hematite using biomass waste can effectively utilize waste and reduce CO_(2) emission to achieve the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.The effects of temperatures on suspension magnetization roasting of hematite using biomass waste for evolved gases have been investigated using TG-FTIR,Py-GC/MS and gas composition analyzer.The mixture reduction process is divided into four stages.In the temperature range of 200-450℃ for mixture,the release of CO_(2),acids,and ketones is dominated in gases products.The yield and concentration of small molecules reducing gases increase when the temperature increases from 450 to 900℃.At 700℃,the volume concentrations of CO,H_(2) and CH_(4) peak at 8.91%,8.90% and 4.91%,respectively.During the suspension magnetization roasting process,an optimal iron concentrate with an iron grade of 70.86%,a recovery of 98.66% and a magnetic conversion of 45.70% is obtained at 700℃.Therefore,the magnetization reduction could react greatly in the temperature range of 600 to 700℃ owing to the suitable reducing gases.This study shows a detail gaseous evolution of roasting temperature and provides a new insight for studying the reduction process of hematite using biomass waste.展开更多
Metallothionein gene (MT) has been transferred into mushroom protoplasts by electroporation. It is a low molecular weight, cysteine-rich and metal-binding protein. MT can bind metals. Its synthesis is induced by Zn io...Metallothionein gene (MT) has been transferred into mushroom protoplasts by electroporation. It is a low molecular weight, cysteine-rich and metal-binding protein. MT can bind metals. Its synthesis is induced by Zn ion. Thus the expression of MT gene in mushroom can improve the accumulation of Zn in this fungus. This transgenic mushroom, consumed as a kind of vegetable, can supply the necessary Zn to people who are short of the element. When protoplasts were prepared, the concentration (C) of protoplasts is 6.745 x 10(6) /mL. After protoplast electroporation, the transformation rate of protoplasts is 0.01 %. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis showed that the gene had been integrated into the mushroom chromosome, SDS-PAGE, Western blot analysis indicated that the MT gene had been expressed in the transgenic mushroom. The expressing level, detected by ELISA, is 0.6 % - 0.8 %. Tested for metal resistance, the wild-type mushroom growth was inhibited on die medium containing 1.0 - 1.2 mmoL/L ZnSO4. While the transgenic mushroom was inhibited on the medium containing 1. 5 - 2.0 mmol/L ZnSO4. The mycelium can develop into hymenophore in the medium of rice bran: sawdust = 1: 3, and not in the medium of rice bran: sawdust = 1: 4.展开更多
Protoplasts prepared from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L., cultivar BY-2) suspension cells have similar morphological characteristics to those in animal cells. The hallmarks of apoptosis such as condensation and periphe...Protoplasts prepared from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L., cultivar BY-2) suspension cells have similar morphological characteristics to those in animal cells. The hallmarks of apoptosis such as condensation and peripheral distribution of nuclei, TUNEL positive reaction, and DNA ladders were observed when tobacco protoplasts were treated with the hydroxyl radical generating system (1.0 mmol/L FeSO4/0.5 mmol/L H2O2). In animals, the loss of transmembrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)) and the exposure of phospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS) are believed to be the main apoptosis events. To test whether these significant processes take place in plants, flow cytometry was used to detect annexin V binding and changes in DeltaPsi(m). Results showed that the PS turned out from inner membrane and DeltaPsi(m) gradually decreased during the apoptosis. All these apoptotic characteristics proved that hydroxyl radicals can cause typical programmed cell death (PCD) in tobacco protoplasts and this design can be served as an effective experiment system to explore the mechanism of plant apoptosis.展开更多
This paper looks back to the development of plant tissue culture in China in the last century. Since 1934, tissue culture studies in China has kept up with the international development in the fields. Progress has bee...This paper looks back to the development of plant tissue culture in China in the last century. Since 1934, tissue culture studies in China has kept up with the international development in the fields. Progress has been made by Chinese in nearly every branches of tissue culture, including in vitro organogenesis, shoot tip culture, anther culture, ovary culture, endosperm culture, protoplast culture as well as mass cell culture. On the basis of reviewing the articles written by Chinese on plant tissue culture, the internationally recognized contributions are specially mentioned. The applications of plant tissue culture to agriculture and industry in China are also introduced.展开更多
[Objective] To explore the efficient way for the preparation of Aspergillus oryzae protoplast.[Method] The statistics of protoplast yield by the enzymolysis of mycelia with different culture time,different osmotic sta...[Objective] To explore the efficient way for the preparation of Aspergillus oryzae protoplast.[Method] The statistics of protoplast yield by the enzymolysis of mycelia with different culture time,different osmotic stabilizers and different concentrations of enzyme system was carried out in this study.[Result] The protoplast yield was higher when the mycelium was cultivated for 108 h,and the osmotic stabilizer was 0.8 mol/L of NaCl.With the enzymes system of 2 mg/ml of lysozyme,6 mg/ml of cellulose and 6 mg/ml of glusulase,the protoplast yield achieved its highest,which was up to 9.0×105 per ml.[Conclusion] The yield of protoplast was affected by the situation of mycelia themselves and external conditions.This study had provided a basis for the preparation of a large number of active protoplasts and the further researches on cell fusion.展开更多
Protoplasts of embryogenic suspension cells of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L).were isolated at exponential growth stage.Influences of various concentrations of basal medium,levels of BA,and concentrations of inositol ...Protoplasts of embryogenic suspension cells of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L).were isolated at exponential growth stage.Influences of various concentrations of basal medium,levels of BA,and concentrations of inositol on the differentiation of embryonal suspensor mass (ESM),early stage somatic embryos (ESE) ,and lae stage somatic embryos (LSE) were investigated .A study of the effect of various concentrations of LP basal medium sowed that the optimal basal medium concentration of ESM,ESE,and LSE differentiation was 1.25 LP medium.The effects of various levels of BA and inositol showed that the optimal concentrations of BA for the formation of ESM,ESE and LSE were 4 mg/L ,2mg/L and 1mg/L,respectively ,and the optimal concentrations of inositol for the ESM ,ESE and LSM formation were 400mg/L,800mg/L and 1,200mg/L,respectively.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to explore the protoplast preparation and re- generation conditions of Tremella aurantialba. [Method] Optimal combination of five factors affecting the protoplast preparation and regenerat...[Objective] This study aimed to explore the protoplast preparation and re- generation conditions of Tremella aurantialba. [Method] Optimal combination of five factors affecting the protoplast preparation and regeneration of Tremella aurantialba was selected by using orthogonal experiment, including enzyme system, culture age, enzymolysis temperature, enzymolysis duration and osmotic stabilizer. [Result] The results showed that there were three release modes of Tremella aurantialba proto- plasts： release from top in the early period of enzymolysis, release from the side and release in situ. The optimal protoplast preparation condition was selecting mycelium cultured in liquid medium for 3 d, for enzymolysis in mixed enzyme solu- tion containing 1% of cellulase ＋1% of snailase ＋1% of lywallzyme at 36 ℃; for 4 h, with 0.6 mol/L sucrose as osmotic stabilizer, and the obtained preparation rate had reached 1.76 ×10^7 protoplasts/ml. The optimal regeneration condition was using mycelium cultured in liquid medium for 5 d, for enzymolysis in enzyme solution con- taining 1.5% of lywallzyme at 33 ℃ for 3 h, with 0.6 mol/L sucrose as osmotic sta- bilizer, and the regeneration rate had reached 0.22%. [Conclusion] This study provid- ed valuable support for protoplast fusion, ultraviolet mutation breeding and genetic engineering research.展开更多
基金Project(52022019)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘The magnetization reduction of hematite using biomass waste can effectively utilize waste and reduce CO_(2) emission to achieve the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.The effects of temperatures on suspension magnetization roasting of hematite using biomass waste for evolved gases have been investigated using TG-FTIR,Py-GC/MS and gas composition analyzer.The mixture reduction process is divided into four stages.In the temperature range of 200-450℃ for mixture,the release of CO_(2),acids,and ketones is dominated in gases products.The yield and concentration of small molecules reducing gases increase when the temperature increases from 450 to 900℃.At 700℃,the volume concentrations of CO,H_(2) and CH_(4) peak at 8.91%,8.90% and 4.91%,respectively.During the suspension magnetization roasting process,an optimal iron concentrate with an iron grade of 70.86%,a recovery of 98.66% and a magnetic conversion of 45.70% is obtained at 700℃.Therefore,the magnetization reduction could react greatly in the temperature range of 600 to 700℃ owing to the suitable reducing gases.This study shows a detail gaseous evolution of roasting temperature and provides a new insight for studying the reduction process of hematite using biomass waste.
文摘Metallothionein gene (MT) has been transferred into mushroom protoplasts by electroporation. It is a low molecular weight, cysteine-rich and metal-binding protein. MT can bind metals. Its synthesis is induced by Zn ion. Thus the expression of MT gene in mushroom can improve the accumulation of Zn in this fungus. This transgenic mushroom, consumed as a kind of vegetable, can supply the necessary Zn to people who are short of the element. When protoplasts were prepared, the concentration (C) of protoplasts is 6.745 x 10(6) /mL. After protoplast electroporation, the transformation rate of protoplasts is 0.01 %. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis showed that the gene had been integrated into the mushroom chromosome, SDS-PAGE, Western blot analysis indicated that the MT gene had been expressed in the transgenic mushroom. The expressing level, detected by ELISA, is 0.6 % - 0.8 %. Tested for metal resistance, the wild-type mushroom growth was inhibited on die medium containing 1.0 - 1.2 mmoL/L ZnSO4. While the transgenic mushroom was inhibited on the medium containing 1. 5 - 2.0 mmol/L ZnSO4. The mycelium can develop into hymenophore in the medium of rice bran: sawdust = 1: 3, and not in the medium of rice bran: sawdust = 1: 4.
文摘Protoplasts prepared from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L., cultivar BY-2) suspension cells have similar morphological characteristics to those in animal cells. The hallmarks of apoptosis such as condensation and peripheral distribution of nuclei, TUNEL positive reaction, and DNA ladders were observed when tobacco protoplasts were treated with the hydroxyl radical generating system (1.0 mmol/L FeSO4/0.5 mmol/L H2O2). In animals, the loss of transmembrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)) and the exposure of phospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS) are believed to be the main apoptosis events. To test whether these significant processes take place in plants, flow cytometry was used to detect annexin V binding and changes in DeltaPsi(m). Results showed that the PS turned out from inner membrane and DeltaPsi(m) gradually decreased during the apoptosis. All these apoptotic characteristics proved that hydroxyl radicals can cause typical programmed cell death (PCD) in tobacco protoplasts and this design can be served as an effective experiment system to explore the mechanism of plant apoptosis.
文摘This paper looks back to the development of plant tissue culture in China in the last century. Since 1934, tissue culture studies in China has kept up with the international development in the fields. Progress has been made by Chinese in nearly every branches of tissue culture, including in vitro organogenesis, shoot tip culture, anther culture, ovary culture, endosperm culture, protoplast culture as well as mass cell culture. On the basis of reviewing the articles written by Chinese on plant tissue culture, the internationally recognized contributions are specially mentioned. The applications of plant tissue culture to agriculture and industry in China are also introduced.
文摘[Objective] To explore the efficient way for the preparation of Aspergillus oryzae protoplast.[Method] The statistics of protoplast yield by the enzymolysis of mycelia with different culture time,different osmotic stabilizers and different concentrations of enzyme system was carried out in this study.[Result] The protoplast yield was higher when the mycelium was cultivated for 108 h,and the osmotic stabilizer was 0.8 mol/L of NaCl.With the enzymes system of 2 mg/ml of lysozyme,6 mg/ml of cellulose and 6 mg/ml of glusulase,the protoplast yield achieved its highest,which was up to 9.0×105 per ml.[Conclusion] The yield of protoplast was affected by the situation of mycelia themselves and external conditions.This study had provided a basis for the preparation of a large number of active protoplasts and the further researches on cell fusion.
文摘Protoplasts of embryogenic suspension cells of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L).were isolated at exponential growth stage.Influences of various concentrations of basal medium,levels of BA,and concentrations of inositol on the differentiation of embryonal suspensor mass (ESM),early stage somatic embryos (ESE) ,and lae stage somatic embryos (LSE) were investigated .A study of the effect of various concentrations of LP basal medium sowed that the optimal basal medium concentration of ESM,ESE,and LSE differentiation was 1.25 LP medium.The effects of various levels of BA and inositol showed that the optimal concentrations of BA for the formation of ESM,ESE and LSE were 4 mg/L ,2mg/L and 1mg/L,respectively ,and the optimal concentrations of inositol for the ESM ,ESE and LSM formation were 400mg/L,800mg/L and 1,200mg/L,respectively.
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to explore the protoplast preparation and re- generation conditions of Tremella aurantialba. [Method] Optimal combination of five factors affecting the protoplast preparation and regeneration of Tremella aurantialba was selected by using orthogonal experiment, including enzyme system, culture age, enzymolysis temperature, enzymolysis duration and osmotic stabilizer. [Result] The results showed that there were three release modes of Tremella aurantialba proto- plasts： release from top in the early period of enzymolysis, release from the side and release in situ. The optimal protoplast preparation condition was selecting mycelium cultured in liquid medium for 3 d, for enzymolysis in mixed enzyme solu- tion containing 1% of cellulase ＋1% of snailase ＋1% of lywallzyme at 36 ℃; for 4 h, with 0.6 mol/L sucrose as osmotic stabilizer, and the obtained preparation rate had reached 1.76 ×10^7 protoplasts/ml. The optimal regeneration condition was using mycelium cultured in liquid medium for 5 d, for enzymolysis in enzyme solution con- taining 1.5% of lywallzyme at 33 ℃ for 3 h, with 0.6 mol/L sucrose as osmotic sta- bilizer, and the regeneration rate had reached 0.22%. [Conclusion] This study provid- ed valuable support for protoplast fusion, ultraviolet mutation breeding and genetic engineering research.
