澳大利亚农药原药审批化学资料要求和审查要点

对化学和生产数据进行评估,以确认活性物中所含化合物的身份,并确认化合物的规格,包括可能存在的任何杂质的规格,特别是那些具有重大毒理学意义的杂质。评估还应确认生产过程处于控制之中,并将按照所述和符合规范的标准生产化合物。对于活性成分的首次评估,还要进行活性成分的稳定性评估。还需对检测技术进行验证,以确保适合于特定的目的,以确认它们准确地代表了所存在的化合物,并且用于解释数据的任何统计分析都是适当的。化学数据还提供了对人类健康、残留物和饮食风险和环境风险评估有用的物理化学参数。

质量机能展开原理分析

质量机能展开原理最初是由日本的赤尾教授提出的,问世甫始便以其精辟的见解、独特的方法和简易实用性受到人们的关注。80年代末传到美国后迅即获得了很多人的拥护。我国报纸《参考消息》曾在1992年5月10日引用goal/qpc《商业周刊》登载的资料予以介绍。本文试就该资料对质量机能展开原理作一简要的分析,以期我国的企业界和质量管理监测部门给予必要的注意。 本文在最初的分析中没有列出原资料中的全部数据(有兴趣的读者可查阅当时《参考消息》第二版)。

1994年世界城市人口资料表

１９９４年世界城市人口资料表联合国经济社会信息和政策分析局人口处王力编译①原文Ｙａ。ｇ。。，②原文Ｍｙ。，。ｎ。。ｒ注释：①数字来自联合国１９９４年修正以后的估计和预测数。②表中统计的是／－０在１００万以上的城市。译者注：原资料中是以英文字母顺序排序...

世界农业统计资料

说明 本资料主要是根据联合国粮农组织的《生产年鉴》、《贸易年鉴》、《肥料年鉴》、《统计月报》以及联合国的《统计年鉴》、《劳动统计年鉴》等有关资料翻译整理的。中国数字是引自我国的有关统计年报(台湾省数字暂缺)。资料内容有:基本概况;各种农作物面积和产量;牲畜头数及畜产品产量;水产品、食糖、蜂蜜、生丝产量,农机、化肥、农药使用量;农畜产品进出口数量;食物消费、农业工资、农产品国际价格等。其中有些平均指标是根据原资料计算的。作物面积一般是指收获面积,只有少数资料是指种植面积。粮食产量是按照我国统计口径计算的,包括谷物、大豆、杂豆和薯类折粮。为便于分析对比,已将原资料计量单位的“公制”

国外农业经济统计资料

说明 本资料主要是根据联合国粮农组织的《统计月报》、《生产年鉴》、《贸易年鉴》、《肥料年鉴》以及联合国的《统计年鉴》、《劳动统计年鉴》等有关资料翻译整理的。内容有基本概况(表1—10);各种作物面积和产量(表11—30);牲畜头数及畜产品产量(表31—40);农机、化肥、农药使用量(表41—44);农畜产品进出口数量(表45—57);食物消费、农业工资、农产品国际价格(表58—63)等。 有些平均指标、增长速度、构成比重等是根据原资料计算的。农作物面积一般是指收获面积。为便于参考对比,已将原资料的“公制”大部分按我国习惯折算成“市制。原资料所刊载的数字前后各期有的常有变动。因此会出现前后不一致的情况。1979年有的数字还是联合国的估计数。

关于再分组方法的新假定

再分组方法是进行统计分析与科学研究常用的方法。但是现在应用的一般再分组方法是建立在假定原资料各组内的单位均匀分布的基础上的。而实际情况显然并非如此,任何社会经济现象在数量表现上呈现均匀分布的情况是极少见的,简单地认为“均匀分布”实际上掩盖了组内单位分布的真实状态。在这种错误假定下进行的再分组是不科学、不合理和不准确的。正确的再分组假定是,原分组资料中,组与组之间的单位数量变动的规律性,一般会影响到组内,使组内各阶段的单位数量变动。

再分组的假定与方法新论

对分组资料进行再分组,是运用统计分组资料进行统计分析和科学研究的常用方法,是列宁所倡导的一种整理分组资料的方法。科学、合理、准确地对分组资料进行再分组,是搞好统计分析和科学研究的前提。但是,现在应用的一般再分组假定及再分组方法并不能保证再分组的科学、合理、准确,因其假定性太强而损害了再分组结果的真实性和准确性。因此,探讨符合客观情况的、真实性较强的再分组假定,并在新假定基础上设计新的再分组方法,以保证再分组结果的真实、准确,十分必要。

试谈在分组相关表中计算相关系数的偏差

一、问题的提出 在相关分析中,有一种叫“假相关”的问题,是应该注意和避免的。 但在相关分析中,有时即使是对两个确实具有相关关系的资料,当资料的项数较多,在作相关分析时,常要将原资料作分组整理。但是,由于所分析的资料的特点和分组整理的方法不同,而计算得的相关系数比诸实际相关系数会有相一致、或者会有高于或低得多的数值。这种高于或低于实际相关系数的这一部分数值,无异是一种“假性的成份”,但原资料的相关关系是确实存在的,不便竟叫它为“假性”,暂称为“偏差值”。

Aerosol characteristics over the Tibetan Plateau simulated with a coupled aerosol-climate model(FGOALS-f3-L)

This study presents the simulated aerosol spatiotemporal characteristics over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)with a newly developed coupled aerosol-climate model(FGOALS-f3-L).The aerosol properties are simulated over the TP for the period 2002-11.The results indicate that soil dust,sulfate,and carbonaceous aerosols(black carbon(BC),organic carbon(OC)and BC/OC)account for 53.6%,32.2%,and 14.2%of the total aerosol mass over the TP,respectively.The simulated aerosol surface mass concentrations and aerosol optical depths(AODs)are evaluated with ground-based and satellite observations,respectively.Underestimations of the aerosol surface mass concentration are found at the Lhasa site,especially for BC and OC.The spatial distribution and interannual variation of AOD are consistent with MODIS observations,with the RMSE of 0.081 and bias of 0.036.Due to the uncertainty of the parameterization of dust emissions,the model’s performance in summer and autumn is much better than that in spring.

Techno-economic Analysis of Distributed Hydrogen Production from Natural Gas

It is well established that hydrogen has the potential to make a significant contribution to the world energy production.In U.S.,majority of hydrogen production plants implement steam methane reforming(SMR) for centralized hydrogen production.However,there is a wide lack of agreement on the nascent stage of using hydrogen as fuel in vehicles industry because of the difficulty in delivery and storage.By performing technological and economic analysis,this work aims to establish the most feasible hydrogen production pathway for automotives in near future.From the evaluation,processes such as thermal cracking of ammonia and centralized hydrogen production followed by bulk delivery are eliminated while on-site steam reforming of methanol and natural gas are the most technologically feasible options.These two processes are further evaluated by comprehensive economic analysis.The results showed that the steam reforming(SR) of natural gas has a shorter payback time and a higher return on investment(ROI) and internal rate of return(IRR).Sensitivity analysis has also been constructed to evaluate the impact of variables like NG feedstock price,capital of investment and operating capacity factor on the overall production cost of hydrogen.Based on this study,natural gas is prompted to be the most economically and technologically available raw material for short-term hydrogen production before the transition to renewable energy source such as solar energy,biomass and wind power.

Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Laryngohypopharynx： A Case Report

Introduction Rhabdomyosarcoma is one of the most commonly seen soft-tissue sarcomas in children and teenagers, approximately accounting for half of all soft-tissue sarcomas. The tumor is usually found in head and neck, four limbs and urogenital system. However, the tumor orig- inating from the laryngohypopharynx is rare. In 2008, a patient with alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma of the laryngohypopharynx was admitted to our hospital. Clinical information of the disease was reported as follows, and clinicopathologic features and current therapeutic principle were discussed and summarized in combination with the review of literature, to facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of the patients with rhabdomyosarcoma of the laryngohypopharynx in future.

Development of a Sourcebook Using Neuro-Linguistic Programming Technique in Teaching English as a Second Language

This paper is an analysis of a sourcebook using Neuro-Linguistic Programming technique. The main objective is to determine the effectiveness of the sourcebook in teaching English as a second language. Specifically, it aimed to know the visual materials, aural presentations, and semi-abstract thoughts that would encourage the learners to actively participate in classroom discussions; the methods to be adapted; and the steps involved in the preparation of the sourcebook. It was found that most student-respondents strongly react to pictures, to feelings and sensations, and to ideas. The sourcebook must be prepared in the form of a content-based instructional material. It must include drills that would give ample approaches to develop among the learners good sense of collaborative learning, integrative global language proficiency, and contextual communicative competence in meaningful situations. Moreover, the sourcebook must use both print and non-print teaching aids as supporting materials.

Assessment of Snow Cover Vulnerability over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

By using daily air temperature and precipitation data, and the weather phenomena data of daily snowfall from 98 meteorological stations over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau （QTP）, this paper performs an ＂at-risk＂ evaluation on snowfall and accumulated snow over the QTP under current climate situation and future climate warming condition. When rainfall, snowfall, or accumulated snow weather phenomena occur, critical values are determined based on dally air temperature and precipitation for current climate conditions. Air temperature of 0 ℃ is defined as the critical value of temperature for rainfall or snowfall, while 0 ℃ air temperature and 4.0 mm （autumn） or 3.0 mm （spring） snowfall amounts are defined as the critical values for accumulated snowfall. Analyses based on the above critical values disclose that under current climate condition, stations with ＂at-risk＂ accumulated snow account for 33% and 36% of all stations, and the ＂at-risk＂ snowfall stations reach 78% and 81% in autumn and spring, respectively. Spatially, most stations with ＂at-risk＂ accumulated snow are located on the southern and eastern edge of the QTP, and stations with ＂at-risk＂ snowfall are also apparent at the northern edge. If the air temperature increases by 2.5 ℃ in 2050, only the snowfall at a few ＂at-risk＂ snowfall stations will transform into rainfall, while most ＂at-risk＂ accumulated snow stations will face the problem that snowfall is hardly accumulated. Additionally, most stations will become ＂at-risk＂ accumulated snow stations, indicating that both the snow depth and the snow cover duration will decline in most areas of the QTP, including a delay of the start date and an advancing of the end date of snow cover.

Energy and Autohydrolysis By-Products from Industrial Crops

The world is experiencing a growing shortage of raw materials which is especially severe in the energy sector and being worsened by the unfavorable environmental impact of a consumerist cultttre revolving around the exploitation of non-renewable resources. In this work, the calorific value and chemical composition of liquors resulting from the autohydrolysis of six different lignocellulosic materials was determined （Eucalyptus globulus, Arundo donax, Leucaena diversifolia, Paulownia fortunei, Sunflower stalks and Chamaecytisus proliferus） and was assessed for the obtainment of energy, sugars and other chemical products by using of integral fractionation based on autohydrolysis. Autohydrolysis processes have been considered interesting in the case of timber species studied compared with herbaceous species with variations in the extraction of the xylan fraction at 180℃ between 19.68% for Eucalyptus globulus and 36.79% for Leucaena diversifolia and 200℃ between 57.86% for Paulawniafortunei and 79.13 % for Chamaecytisusproliferus. In general, all materials show a solid fraction ＂more energy＂ from the hydrolysis to 200℃ than 180℃ and raw materials. It is interesting as the potential economy valuation of the liquid fractions of the hydrolysis, the solid waste recovery present more energetic profitability.

Laparoscopic hepatectomy for liver neoplasms in 15 cases

Objective： The aim of our study was to retrospectively analyze 15 patients＇ clinical materials with laparoscopic resection of liver neoplasms. Methods： From December 2007, a total of 15 patients with liver neoplasms were performed with laparoscopic hepatectomy, and their clinical materials, perioperative dates, postoperative complications, postoperative recovery and short-term curative effects were analyzed and summarized respectively. Results： Laparoscopic hepatectomy （LH） were performed in 15 patients, including 1 case underwent laparoscopic hepatic left Iobectomy, 1 case of left lateral hepatectomy, 13 cases of partial liver resection. Fourteen cases of total laparoscopic liver resections for liver neoplasms, 1 case of hand-assisted laparoscopic liver resection of the tumor, there was no conversion to open approach. Of the 15 patients with liver neoplasms, 13 cases of hepatic neoplasms with the maximum diameter was 8 cm× 8 cm × 9 cm, 9 cases of the borderline micro hepatocellular carcinoma （MHCC） with the diameter not more than 2 cm, 3 cases of hepatic benign tumor. The mean operation time was （120 ± 30） min, and the intraoperative average hemorrhage was 100 mL, beginning to eat and get out of bed following 1-2 days of operation. The average postoperative hospitalization was 8 days, WBC, ALl＇, AST, albumin, bilirubin returned to normal after one week of operation. There were no postoperative complications such as hemorrhage, bile leakage or air embolism etc. Twelve patients with HCC were confirmed by postoperative pathology, 1 case of liver smooth muscle lipoma, 2 case of hepatic hemangioma. By one year of followed-up in 12 cases of HCC, the longest survival was 38 months, and no recurrence or death, 1 year survival rate was 100%. Conclusion： Among the choice of cases, the advantages of LH for liver neoplasms compared with open surgery were less trauma, faster recovery and less blood loss. it is safe and effective for choosing a reasonable surgical indication, especially for peripheral micro hepatocellular carcinoma.

Design of reactive distillation processes for the production of butyl acrylate:Impact of bio-based raw materials

The chemical industry is nowadays predominantly using fossil raw materials,but the alternative use of bio-based resources is investigated to account for the foreseeable scarcity of fossil feedstocks.A main challenge of using biobased feedstocks is the complexity of the impurity profile.For an economic production of bio-based chemicals,the use of intensified processes is inevitable and approaches are needed for the various process intensification techniques to identify their applicability to be used for the production of bio-based components.In the presented study,an approach is shown for the reactive distillation(RD) technology to identify the most critical bio-based impurities and their impact on the reactive distillation process.The investigated case-study is the production of n-butyl acrylate from acrylic acid and n-butanol.Among all initially identified impurities,the key impurities,having the biggest impact on the product purity in the reactive distillation process,are found.These impurities are then studied in more detail and an operating window depending on the impurity concentration is identified for the reactive distillation column.Furthermore,an integrated design of upstream and downstream processes is facilitated,as the presented results can be used in the development of the fermentation processes for the production of the bio-based reactants by decreasing the concentration of the critical impurities.

A study of virtual land trade between China and ASEAN based on material flow analysis model

In this paper,based on the material flux analysis model（MFA） and its corresponding theories and algorithms of ＂virtual land＂ virtual land contents of five primary agricultural products are calculated and＂Virtual land trade＂hidden in those imported and exported products are also obtained through analyzing the primary agricultural product trade between China and ASEAN. In the process of calculationl following the thought of Changing agricultural products to ＂Virtual land trade＂land content, trade condition and spatiai distribution of agricultural products Were integratedly considered. indicate that China exported 73;057 km^2 of virtual land area to ASEAN by tea, vegetables; maize and grain, ASEAN exported： 57.332 km^2 to China by natural rubber from 2002 to 2005. It obvious; that china has lost 15,725 km^2 arable land through agricultural product trade, Additionally, in order to process： of calculation Virtual land trade, Thailand taker as an example to analyze its international trade of rice and Wheat from 1991 to 2005 and Calculate their ＂Virtual land trade＂ 2001 through 2005. According to and calculation, it is not difficult to conclude that ＂Virtual land trade＂ very important and could be used for China to guide agricultural export or import Structure and maintain Sustainable use of land resources.

The North-South Seismic Belt： Vertical Deformation Velocity Gradient Research

The vertical deformation gradient can reflect the rate of vertical change in unit distance,and the vertical deformation velocity gradient can reflect the strength of the earth's crust tectonic activities. In this paper,using long period leveling data combined with GPS data,the vertical deformation gradient values are calculated. Leveling data and GPS data are two different means of monitoring deformation,but the result is approximately the same vertical deformation gradient. The results show that the spatial distribution of the vertical deformation velocity gradient and tectonic distribution has an obvious correlation. The most significant gradient anomalies along the North-South Seismic Belt are Xianshuihe fault, Longmenshan fault and Xiaojiang-Zemuhe fault, while the second gradient anomalies in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan plateau are Zhuanglanghe fault and Lenglongling fault. The Menyuan M_S6. 4 earthquake in 2016 occurred in this abnormal area. However,according to the vertical deformation high gradient area distribution,there is also the possibility of an earthquake occurrence in the Tianzhu and Jingtai area.The area of convergence of three major fault zones is the strongest tectonically active region of the North-South Seismic Belt.

Recent trends in surface sensible heat flux on the Tibetan Plateau

Over the last three decades, the Tibetan Plateau has exhibited a significant increase in air temperature and a significant decrease in wind speed. How the surface heat source has changed is an important issue in monsoon research. Based on routine meteorological data, this study investigates the differences between methods for estimating trends in surface sensible heat flux on the Tibetan Plateau for the period 1984-2006. One is a physical method based on micro-meteorological theory and experi- ments, and takes into account both atmospheric stability and thermal roughness length. The other approach includes conven- tional empirical methods that assume the heat transfer coefficient is a constant value or a simple function of wind speed. The latter method is used widely in climatologic studies. Results from the physical method show that annual mean sensible heat flux has weakened by 2% per decade, and flux seasonal mean has weakened by -2%--4% except in winter. The two commonly used empirical methods showed high uncertainties in heat flux trend estimates, although they produced similar climatologies. Annual mean heat flux has weakened by 7% per decade when a fixed transfer coefficient is used, whereas the trend is negligible when the transfer coefficient is assumed a function of wind speed. Conventional empirical methods may therefore misrepresent the trend in sensible heat flux.