OBJECTIVE To analyze the serum levels of IgA antibodies to Epstein Barr virus capsid antigens （EBV/IgA/VCA） in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC） and in their spouses and children in order to further eva...OBJECTIVE To analyze the serum levels of IgA antibodies to Epstein Barr virus capsid antigens （EBV/IgA/VCA） in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC） and in their spouses and children in order to further evaluate the risk of developing the disease in family members of NPC patients. METHODS Four categories of sera were used to detect EBV/ IgA/VCA using the immunoenzyme method. In our study 317 biopsy-confirmed NPC patients, 317 spouses and 317 children of the NPC patients, as well as 413 healthy subjects as the controls that came from the same area were enrolled. RESULTS The positive rate of EBV/lgA/VCA was 97.2%, 14.2%, 19.9% and 3.1% in the NPC patients, the spouse and child groups, and in the control group, respectively. The positive rate was significantly higher in the NPC group than in the other 3 groups, and it was also significantly higher in the spouse and in the child groups than in the control group （P 〈 0.001）. The results of the relative to identified distribution unit （Ridit） analysis showed that the average Ridit values were 0.860, 0.404, 0.424 and 0.356 respectively in the NPC patients, in the spouse and child groups, and in the control group. The antibody titer of IgA/VCA was significantly higher in the NPC group than in the other 3 groups, and it was also significantly higher in both the spouse and child groups than in the control group （P 〈 0.001）. The OR values of positive EBV/IgA/VCA antibody were 5.09 and 7.63, respectively in the spouse and child groups. No significant differences were found in the positive rates or in the titers of IgA/VCA antibody between the groups of spouses and children （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION Positive detection of EBV/IgA/VCA antibody occurs in familial aggregation, as there is ample opportunity for EBV reactivation in the spouses and in the children of NPC patients. These individuals with a high risk of developing the NPC should be closely followed in order to detect the disease at an early stage.展开更多
We investigate the entanglement properties between two identical atoms with cascade configuration through the retarded dipole-dipole interaction in free space when their spatial separation is on the order of radiation...We investigate the entanglement properties between two identical atoms with cascade configuration through the retarded dipole-dipole interaction in free space when their spatial separation is on the order of radiation wavelength or less. We analyze the function of Hamiltonian induced by dipole-dipole interaction. By solving master equation, we show that the spontaneous emission induce entanglement and destroy entanglement too. We also show the long life time of entanglement within cascade configuration.展开更多
文摘OBJECTIVE To analyze the serum levels of IgA antibodies to Epstein Barr virus capsid antigens （EBV/IgA/VCA） in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC） and in their spouses and children in order to further evaluate the risk of developing the disease in family members of NPC patients. METHODS Four categories of sera were used to detect EBV/ IgA/VCA using the immunoenzyme method. In our study 317 biopsy-confirmed NPC patients, 317 spouses and 317 children of the NPC patients, as well as 413 healthy subjects as the controls that came from the same area were enrolled. RESULTS The positive rate of EBV/lgA/VCA was 97.2%, 14.2%, 19.9% and 3.1% in the NPC patients, the spouse and child groups, and in the control group, respectively. The positive rate was significantly higher in the NPC group than in the other 3 groups, and it was also significantly higher in the spouse and in the child groups than in the control group （P 〈 0.001）. The results of the relative to identified distribution unit （Ridit） analysis showed that the average Ridit values were 0.860, 0.404, 0.424 and 0.356 respectively in the NPC patients, in the spouse and child groups, and in the control group. The antibody titer of IgA/VCA was significantly higher in the NPC group than in the other 3 groups, and it was also significantly higher in both the spouse and child groups than in the control group （P 〈 0.001）. The OR values of positive EBV/IgA/VCA antibody were 5.09 and 7.63, respectively in the spouse and child groups. No significant differences were found in the positive rates or in the titers of IgA/VCA antibody between the groups of spouses and children （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION Positive detection of EBV/IgA/VCA antibody occurs in familial aggregation, as there is ample opportunity for EBV reactivation in the spouses and in the children of NPC patients. These individuals with a high risk of developing the NPC should be closely followed in order to detect the disease at an early stage.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of Shanxi Province of China under Grant No. 2009021005
文摘We investigate the entanglement properties between two identical atoms with cascade configuration through the retarded dipole-dipole interaction in free space when their spatial separation is on the order of radiation wavelength or less. We analyze the function of Hamiltonian induced by dipole-dipole interaction. By solving master equation, we show that the spontaneous emission induce entanglement and destroy entanglement too. We also show the long life time of entanglement within cascade configuration.
