青浦举办“百年梦圆——预言家陆士谔特展”

2010年4月23日,距上海世博会开幕8天,《百年梦圆——预言家陆士谔特展》在青浦区博物馆隆重开幕。青浦区人大常委会主任巢卫林,区委常委、宣传部部长孙萍。

陶渊明田园诗中的基石——谈《劝农》

陶渊明的《劝农》,写于三十九岁辞官躬耕期间.选本纳入的极少见,说明它尚未受到专家们的普遍重视,但陶渊明是以田园诗著称的诗人,这诗的内容和写法又别具一格,实有引起探讨的必要.从当前见到的陶集和个别选本的注释以及有关论文来看,人们对这诗主旨的看法尚有分歧,这对深入学习和正确理解,不能不说是一种困难.本文不揣浅陋,拟就这诗的主旨,稍带就其写作方法,粗谈管见,以向专家们求教.关于这诗的主旨,约有三种不同看法.

Study on Evapotranspiration Regularity of 3 Forages in Eastern Qinghai Province

The transpiration rate and transpiration quantity＇of whole plants and foliages of Bromus innerrnis, Medicago sativa and Agropyron cristatum are measured by using improved quick and continuous weighting after being cut off method （QCWC）. The results show that transpiration rate of branches and foliages of Agropyron cristatum is highest in 3 forages, Medicago sativa is second and Bromus innermis is lowest. From July to September, the average transpiration quantity of whole plants and foliages of 3 forages is highest in August, September is second and July is lowest.

Environmental Evaluation of Springs in the Intensely Cultivated and Industrialized Inland Plain of Cuneo （Northwest Italy）

Sixty springs of the Cuneo Province inland plains were sampled and analyzed for several chemical variables. Multi-variate analysis （PCA） of all the data was undertaken. The first principal component was positively correlated with chlorides, sulphites, hardness, and negatively correlated with altitude. The second principal component was positively correlated with DO and pH. Results showed that 4 groups of springs could be distinguished on the basis of environmental variables. A small number of springs did not group with the geographically more proximal springs but with another group due to a greater degree of affinity on the basis of the hydrochemical variables.

Status,threats and conservation needs for the continental population of the Red-crowned Crane

The Red-crowned Crane (Grus japonensis) is a globally endangered species.Although this species has received much attention by scientists,conservationists and the general public,the continental population of the Red-crowned Crane continues to face serious threats which affect not only its population dynamics but also its breeding and wintering habitats.Habitat loss and deterioration are the main causes of the decline of its population.With the massive loss of habitats in all parts of its range - breeding,stopover and wintering grounds - the cranes have been forced into crops and farmlands where cranes are more vulnerable to human activities,such as poisoning the cranes and conflicts with farmers.From our review of studies done over 30 years,the eastern flyway subpopulation has been stable or slightly increasing and the western flyway subpopulation of the Red-crowned Crane has sharply declined in recent years.The wintering population for the western flyway has declined from over 1100 to less than 500 birds.Not only is the size of the population reduced to less than 50％,but most recently the decline has occurred with frightening speed,by 50-150 birds per winter.The current wintering range for the west flyway is only about 8％ of its extent in the 1980s.Urgent actions for habitat protection,law enforcement and education need to stop the declining trend for this species.

Effect of lake surface temperature on the summer precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau

There are numerous lakes on the Tibetan Plateau(TP),but the role of lake temperature in precipitation over the TP remains unclear.Here the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) model was used to detect the impact of lakes on summer rainfall.Three test cases were used to evaluate the effect of lakes surface temperature(LSTs) on precipitation variability.The three cases used different methods to determine initial LSTs,including using sea surface temperature data(SST),the WRF inland water module(avg_tsfc),and a lake model.Results show that when precipitation was stimulated over the TP,LSTs cannot be initialized using SST,which led to large discrepancies of precipitation.Compared with the simulations,the simulated precipitation were improved obviously with LSTs using avg_tsfc,indicating that LSTs have an considerable influence on determining precipitation over the TP.Due to a lack of observational data,the lake scheme does not improve on rainfall simulation,but does effectively simulate precipitation pattern over lakes,such as rainfall over the lakes was dominated by convection during the nighttime.Though the simulated precipitation using SST to initialize LSTs caused largediscrepancies,it suggested that precipitation increase especially convective precipitation with increase in LSTs,which confirmed that the moisture from lakes cannot be neglected over the TP.Generally,it was necessary to monitor the LSTs for accurate weather and climate prediction over the TP.

Sensible Heating over the Tibetan Plateau Linked to the Onset of Asian Monsoon

Land surface heating of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) plays an important role in the Asian Monsoon system. In this study, the interannual variability of the sensible heat flux over the TP and its connection with the summer monsoon intensity and onset date was examined based on the newly released land "reanalysis" data, produced by NASA Global Land Data Assimilation System. Although correlation analyses don't show a significant relevance to the summer monsoon intensity, the interannual anomalies in sensible heating near the south flank of the TP indicate a weak reversal in the relationship with the onset date of the West Pacific East Asian monsoon. A diagnostic study shows that above (below) normal sensible heating over the south flake of the TP will lead to rapid (slow) warming of the upper air column over the TP and early (later) reversal of (overturn) the meridional temperature gradient and the vertical wind shear. This will further lead to an earlier (later) onset of the Asian Monsoon.

A Dipole Pattern of Summer Precipitation over Mid-high Latitude Asia and Related Snow Cover Anomalies in the Preceding Spring

A dipole pattern of summer precipitation over the mid-high latitudes of Asia, which is characterized by opposing summer precipitation variations between the Mongolian and Northeast China(MNC) region and the West Siberian Plain(WSP), is found to be clear and stable on both interdecadal and interannual scales during 1981–2011. Spring snow cover anomalies over a small region within the WSP and the Heilongjiang River(HR) region are closely related to the variation of this dipole mode during the subsequent summer, and they can therefore be considered as forecasting factors. Our statistical results imply a potential process explaining the relationship between the spring snow anomalies and the summer rainfall dipole. Corresponding to the snow anomalies, Rossby waves propagate along a path from the WSP region, via the Mongolian Plateau, to the Stanovoy Range during summer. At the same time, Rossby-wave energy divergences and convergences along this path maintain and reinforce an anomalous cyclone and anticyclone pairing over the Asian continent, which is significantly linked to opposite summer precipitation anomalies between the MNC and WSP regions. Numerical experiments are needed to further confirm the above conjecture and demonstrate the detailed physical mechanisms linking the spring snow cover anomalies and summer precipitation dipole.

A study of virtual land trade between China and ASEAN based on material flow analysis model

In this paper,based on the material flux analysis model（MFA） and its corresponding theories and algorithms of ＂virtual land＂ virtual land contents of five primary agricultural products are calculated and＂Virtual land trade＂hidden in those imported and exported products are also obtained through analyzing the primary agricultural product trade between China and ASEAN. In the process of calculationl following the thought of Changing agricultural products to ＂Virtual land trade＂land content, trade condition and spatiai distribution of agricultural products Were integratedly considered. indicate that China exported 73;057 km^2 of virtual land area to ASEAN by tea, vegetables; maize and grain, ASEAN exported： 57.332 km^2 to China by natural rubber from 2002 to 2005. It obvious; that china has lost 15,725 km^2 arable land through agricultural product trade, Additionally, in order to process： of calculation Virtual land trade, Thailand taker as an example to analyze its international trade of rice and Wheat from 1991 to 2005 and Calculate their ＂Virtual land trade＂ 2001 through 2005. According to and calculation, it is not difficult to conclude that ＂Virtual land trade＂ very important and could be used for China to guide agricultural export or import Structure and maintain Sustainable use of land resources.

Common causes of geriatric medical emergencies in China

To the Editor One of the most significant demographic changes in our cotmtry is the increase in the elderly population. In China Mainland, the population aged 60 and older was 194 million in 2012, accounting for 14.3% of the total population. However, by 2053, it is estimated that the number of elderly will reach 487 million, representing 34.8% of the total population. Elderly patients represent an everncreasing populace in emergency medicine who often present with atypical signs and symptoms as well as eomorbidities that can complicate diagnoses and treatment.Ell The geographic factors and the developmental status of the country can influence the spectrum of common geriatric emergencies. Thus, this study presents a retrospective analysis of common causes of geriatric emergencies involving 9,628 elderly patients from Jan. 2008 to Dec. 2013 in an emergency department in Beijing, China.

Roads on the Plateau

CHINA’S scenic province of Yunnan is located in the transitional belt between the Indo-China Peninsula and the South Asian subcontinent. It neighbors four provinces and autonomous regions and borders three countries. Since ancient times it has served as an important land gateway linking China with Southeast and South Asia.

The Research on Carbon Accumulation of Grassland Ecological System in China

This article mainly introduced the research progress of the carbon accumulation on grassland ecological system, which is under the condition of the carbon cycle and the climate change in China. And in carbon cycle and the carbon storage on the terrestrial ecosystem, the author also analyzed the status and functions of the Chinese grassland ecological system. Based on the evaluation of the primary productivity, soil organic carbon and dry falling objects, herding utilization, the grass reclamation and other factors that affect carbon accumulation on grassland ecological system, the author then put forward the primal problems and the prospect of the research on China＇s carbon accumulation of grassland ecological system. The future of carbon stock volume in grassland ecosystem in China has great potential, the fixed carbon content is about 152 Tg/a, far more than the United States, Canada, Russia and other countries.

Elastic Collisions Between two Ground-State P and D Atoms at Low and Ultralow Temperatures

The PD（X^3∑^-） interaction potential is constructed using the CCSD（T） theory and the basis set, augcc-pV5Z. Using this potential, the spectroscopic parameters are accurately determined. The present Do, De, Re, ωe, ωeχe, αe, and Be are of 3.056 99 eV, 3.161 75 eV, 0.142 39 nm, 1701.558 cm^-1, 23.6583 cm^-1, 0.085 99 cm^-1, and 4.3963 cm^-1, respectively, which almost perfectly conform with the measurements. A total of 26 vibrational states is predicted when J = 0 by solving the radial Sehrodinger equation of nuclear motion. The complete vibrational levels, classical turning points, initial rotation and centrifugal distortion constants when J = 0 are reported for the first time, which favorably agree with the experiments. The total and various partial-wave cross sections are calculated for the elastic impact between two ground-state P and D atoms at 1.0 × 10^-12 - 1.0 × 10^-4 a.u. when they approach each other along the PD（X^3∑^-） potential. No shape resonances exist in the total elastic cross sections, though the peaks can be found for each partial wave until l=6. The shape of the total elastic cross sections is dominated by the s partial wave at very low temperatures. Due to the weakness of the shape resonances of each partial wave, they are all passed into oblivion by the strong total elastic cross sections.

Cloning of cDNA encoding Schistosoma japonicum tropomyosin and its expression in Escherichia coli

OBJECTIVE: To perform cloning of the gene encoding Chinese Schistosoma japonicum tropomyosin (SjcTM) and its expression in Escherichia coli. METHODS: SjcTM cDNA fragment, except for 14 amino acids at the amino terminus, was obtained by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with total RNA extracted from adult worms of S. japonicum. The RT-PCR product was cloned into T vector and sequenced. The SjcTM cDNA, derived from the constructed TA clone pGEM-SjcTM, was then subcloned into the expressing vector pBV220. After characterization by agarose gel electrophoresis, endonucleases digestion and PCR, the resultant recombinant plasmid was used for expression under the temperature-dependent condition. RESULTS: The RT-PCR product, cloned into a T vector, was sequenced and shown to be 96.5% identical at the nuclei acid level and 98.1% identical in deduced amino acid sequence to that of S. mansoni tropomyosin. The target DNA fragment was then subcloned into a prokaryotic vector pBV220. Induced expression in E. coli DH5alpha cells resulted in a constant level of recombinant protein production. The results of SDS-PAGE and Western blot revealed that the molecular weight of non-fusion recombinant protein (rSjcTM) was approximately 32 kDa and could be recognized specifically by a polyclonal antiserum specific for native S. japonicum tropomyosin (SjcTM). CONCLUSION: The engineering of the cDNA encoding S. japonicum tropomyosin and its bacterial expression was successfully made.

谈柳宗元的《田家》诗

引言《田家》是柳宗元的代表诗作之一,因其细致描绘农民的严峻生活而尤为著名,这首诗是柳宗元被贬永州时所作,很多人把它与同一时候所写的《捕蛇者说》并提。《田家》诗由三首组成,但是在中国不知为什么论者却常常不谈第三首,我对此产生过疑问,在此略申浅见,希望它能成为深入理解柳宗元作品的一个提示。

故地重游

本人曾在中国驻日使馆工作,结识了川畑一子女士,此文是她1999年12月给本人的来信摘录。川畑一子女士,1931年3月出生于日本山梨县白根镇。1940年4月,随父母来到中国东北。日本战败后,她于1946年1月参加中国人民解放军,后作为随军护士转战中国大江南北,在中国人民解放军中度过了最美好的青春年华。川畑女士不忘中国人民对他的培养和教育,把"为人民服务"的精神作为其人生的座右铭。1958年5月,川畑女士回到阔别18年之久的日本。1962年5月,在其新居住的白根镇镇公社就职,因工作出色,曾受到日本政府的表彰。1986年3月退休后,一直从事社会公益活动,为家乡人民无私奉献。中国是川畑女士的第二故乡,她"身在日本,心系中国"。为了记录下她与中国人民解放军共同走过的青春道路,更为了教育子孙后代与中国人民世世代代友好下去,她用了一年时间写成回忆录《大江东去》一书,实现了她多年的夙愿。该书已被译成中文,由天津社会科学院出版社出版。本人阅读了川畑女士送给我的日文原著和中译本,不止一次为她的人生遭遇感动得流下了眼泪。她那种无论在任何时候,无论处于何种境遇,都能泰然自若的人生态度,着实令人钦佩,给了我极大的教育和启发。而她在写给我的信中,字里行间更是充满了热爱中国、关注中国的中国情结。川畑女士不愧是中国人民的好朋友。

Terrestrial water variations in the North China Plain revealed by the GRACE mission

Using eight years of time-variant gravity measurements from the GRACE gravity satellite mission, we estimate monthly terrestrial water storage variations in the North China Plain between August 2002 and August 2010. We find that during this period, the water storage is not constant but accelerate at a rate of -1.1 cm/yr over time. The study confirms that the relatively long-term trend of water storage in the North China Plain (by 13-point moving average) is consistent well with that by linear fitting. Two hydrological models, CPC and GLDAS, are adopted in calculating surface water variations, with results indicating that they agree with those of GRACE. Furthermore, rates of -0.6 cm/yr for surface water variations and -0.5 cm/yr for groundwater variations are found in the North China Plain during the study period. Decrease of rainfall and the groundwater over-exploitation are possibly the main causes for groundwater depletion in the North China Plain. The results will be helpful for better understanding climatic changes and provide reference for the management of water resources and the establishment of policies on preventing and alleviating natural hazards.

Cloning of cDNA encoding Schistosoma japonicum tropomyosin and its expression in Escherichia coli

To perform cloning of the gene encoding Chinese Schistosoma japonicum tropomyosin (SjcTM) and its expression in Escherichia coli Methods SjcTM cDNA fragment, except for 14 amino acids at the amino terminus, was obtained by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) with total RNA extracted from adult worms of S japonicum The RT PCR product was cloned into T vector and sequenced The SjcTM cDNA, derived from the constructed TA clone pGEM SjcTM, was then subcloned into the expressing vector pBV220 After characterization by agarose gel electrophoresis, endonucleases digestion and PCR, the resultant recombinant plasmid was used for expression under the temperature dependent condition Results The RT PCR product, cloned into a T vector, was sequenced and shown to be 96 5% identical at the nuclei acid level and 98 1% identical in deduced amino acid sequence to that of S mansoni tropomyosin The target DNA fragment was then subcloned into a prokaryotic vector pBV220 Induced expression in E coli DH5α cells resulted in a constant level of recombinant protein production The results of SDS PAGE and Western blot revealed that the molecular weight of non fusion recombinant protein (rSjcTM) was approximately 32 kDa and could be recognized specifically by a polyclonal antiserum specific for native S japonicum tropomyosin (SjcTM) Conclusion The engineering of the cDNA encoding S japonicum tropomyosin and its bacterial expression was successfully made

Influence of aquatic plants on the hydrogen isotope composition of sedimentary long-chain n-alkanes in the Lake Qinghai region, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The hydrogen isotopic composition(δD) of leaf wax long-chain n-alkanes(C27, C29, and C31) from lacustrine sediments has been widely applied to reconstruct terrestrial paleoclimatic and paleohydrological changes. However, few studies have addressed whether the aquatic-derived n-alkanes can affect the δD values of lake sedimentary long-chain n-alkanes, which are usually regarded as a recorder of the terrestrial hydrological signals. Here we systematically investigated δD values of long-chain n-alkanes from modern aquatic plants, both near-shore and off-shore surface sediments, surrounding terrestrial plant litters, as well as river water and lake water in Lake Qinghai and its satellite lakes on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Our data showed that(i) δD values of long-chain n-alkanes from aquatic plants varied from-184‰ to-132‰ for n-C27, from-183‰ to-138‰ for n-C29, and from-189‰ to-130‰ for n-C31, respectively, with no significant differences among the three n-alkanes homologues;(ii) δD values of long-chain n-alkanes from aquatic plants were generally more positive than those from surrounding terrestrial plants, possibly because that they recorded the D-enrichment of lake water in this semi-arid region;(iii) δD values of long-chain n-alkanes from surface sediments showed significant differences among the three n-alkanes homologues, due to the larger aquatic input of n-C27 to the sedimentary lipid pool than that of n-C31, and(iv) n-C27 δD values of near-shore aquatic plants and near-shore sediments are more negative than those from off-shore as a result of lower δD values of near-shore lake water. Our findings indicate that in this region(i) the offset between sedimentary n-C27 and n-C31 δD values(ΔδDC27-C31) could potentially be used to evaluate if sedimentary long-chain n-alkanes are derived from a single source;(ii) while δD values of n-C27 may be influenced by lake water hydrological changes, sedimentary n-C31 is derived predominantly from terrestrial plants and thus its δD can serve as a relatively reliable indicator for terrestrial paleoclimatic and paleohydrological reconstructions.