头颈区去神经性肌萎缩的CT与MRI表现及其临床意义

本文报告８例头颈区去神经性肌萎缩的ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ表现，旨在评价其临床意义。引起肌萎缩的原因包括颈静脉孔区肿瘤４例（颈静脉球瘤、转移瘤各２例），鼻咽癌２例，中颅凹区脑膜瘤１例，上颌窦囊腺癌转移至咽旁１例。ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ表现为特定的颅神经运动支支配区肌肉轮廓缩小，脂肪间隙增宽，病程较长者表现为受累肌群完全为脂肪组织取代；３例根据肌萎缩征象发现原发病变。作者认为：认识去神经性肌萎缩的ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ表现可避免误为其它异常；根据肌萎缩的范围、分布可有针对性检查某些区域，以发现原发病变。

头颈部去神经性肌萎缩的CT诊断（附五例报告）

头颈部去神经性肌萎缩的ＣＴ诊断（附五例报告）王茂强，曹丹庆，张金山，高育神经干或神经原损伤后其支配区的肌肉失去神经的调节作用、发生营养障碍而引起的萎缩称为去神经性肌萎缩（Ｄｅｎｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｍｕｓｃｕｌａｒａｔｒｏｐｈｙ，ＤＮＭＡ）。此症发生于躯干...

Noradrenaline as a putative neurotransmitter mediating hypotension-induced Fos-like immunoreactivity inthe supraoptic nucleus of the rat

Hemorrhage or hypotension induces extensive Foslike immunoreactivity in the magnocellular neurosecretory cells in the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus in rat, especially in the vasopressin neurons. The present study was to explore the neurotransmitter mediating this effect. Microinfusion of the alpha-adrenergic blocker into the supraoptic nucleus reduced the hypotension-induced Fos, whereas beta-antagonist did not affect it significantly. Alpha1- and alpha2-antagonist, prazosin and yohimbine,both reduced the Fos-positive cell counts. However, the effective dosage of yohimbine was much larger. Alpha1-agonist, methoxamine, induced abundant Fos-like immnnoreactivity in the vasopressin cells in this nucleus,while beta-and alpha2-agonist did not elicit such effect.Administration of the noradrenergic re-uptake inhibitor,desipramine, to this nucleus to locally accumulate the spontaneously released noradrenaline from the nerve terminals also induced Fos expression, mostly in the vasopressin cells.