Transilvania is a province of the actual state of Romania, geographically situated in the middle of the country, in the inner arch of the Carpathians. Starting with the 10th century, the territory of Transilvania beca...Transilvania is a province of the actual state of Romania, geographically situated in the middle of the country, in the inner arch of the Carpathians. Starting with the 10th century, the territory of Transilvania became attractive for the neighboring Hungarian royalty and later on, in the 1 lth century it was annexed into Hungary. For a better control of the newly annexed territory and in order to convert the orthodox population to Catholicism, the Hungarian rulers brought the Szeklers to Transilvania and two centuries later, German originating populations, from Rhine, Luxemburg, and Saxony （the name of Sas people, or Saxon of Transilvania derives from ＂Saxony＂）. The aim of this paper is to focus on the Sighisoara County, namely on the easement of certain areas for temporary or permanent maintenance or use by the church and hospitals in the region. That was a common practice in Medieval Europe aimed at ensuring the survival means for these institutions. However, it was not the only one to serve this goal. There were also donations on behalf of various people or allocations of money by the county authorities. The documents attesting this are unpublished, unedited and are to be found in the archives of the Brasov County, Budapest, and Vienna. They are the stepping stone of this paper and hence, they grant its originality. The objectives of the paper are to bring arguments in favor of the thesis that community money was directed towards meeting the needs of the hospitals, as well as towards supporting the widows, the orphans, and the needy ones. Worth noting in this respect is the management of the funds ceded to the church and county hospitals and that actually benefitted the whole community. Moreover, the paper also emphasizes the role played by education, since the latter is an important landmark for a community＇s development level展开更多
Hospital Gunshots On the morning of April 17,2016,in front of the People’s Hospital of Linying County of Henan Province,a number of relatives of a dead child cried incessantly,hung banners and posted the child’s pho...Hospital Gunshots On the morning of April 17,2016,in front of the People’s Hospital of Linying County of Henan Province,a number of relatives of a dead child cried incessantly,hung banners and posted the child’s photos in front of the hospital.展开更多
On December 10,pharmocologist TU Youyou from the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine was awarded the 2015Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in Stockholm,＂for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy ag...On December 10,pharmocologist TU Youyou from the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine was awarded the 2015Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in Stockholm,＂for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against Malaria＂.As the first Chinese citizen to receive a Nobel Prize in sciences,she has been under the spotlight and her stories celebrated by many.展开更多
This study aimed to investigate the salary status of medical doctors who work in county-level hospitals, and analyze the existing problems. We collected the data from questionnaires and applied both EXCEL and SPSS to ...This study aimed to investigate the salary status of medical doctors who work in county-level hospitals, and analyze the existing problems. We collected the data from questionnaires and applied both EXCEL and SPSS to conduct analysis. Doctors working in county level-hospitals received relatively lower salaries, with 78.5% of the doctors making lower than 5000 RMB per month. Influencing factors for the salary levels included personal factors, attributes of the hospitals, workload and performance appraisal. Reasonable adjustment for the salary levels is needed to refine important elements of salary distribution, and to construct a rational performance appraisal system.展开更多
Fifty percent of the deaths caused by severe trauma occur within 1 h after injury. With the concepts ot ＂golden 1 h＂ and ＂platinum 10 rain＇, the professionals in the field of emergency trauma treatment have agreed...Fifty percent of the deaths caused by severe trauma occur within 1 h after injury. With the concepts ot ＂golden 1 h＂ and ＂platinum 10 rain＇, the professionals in the field of emergency trauma treatment have agreed on the necessity of establishing a rapid and efficient trauma rescue system. However, due to the size of the hospital, the population in the neighborhood, the local economic conditions and geographical features, how to establish an optimal trauma rescue system remains an issue. In this paper, we introduced our experiences in a county-level hospital located in middle-and high-income areas.展开更多
In the present study,we aimed to assess the long-term impact of zero-markup drug policy on volume of medical service in county hospitals of China.This study used 57 county hospitals’records of medical service from 20...In the present study,we aimed to assess the long-term impact of zero-markup drug policy on volume of medical service in county hospitals of China.This study used 57 county hospitals’records of medical service from 2011 to 2015,and a fixed effect model was applied to examine the impact of the zero-markup drug policy on volume of medical service.The outcome indicators included the number of patient visits,the number of prescriptions,the number of discharged patients,the length of stay,the number of patients who had surgeries and the number of patients who had CT or MRI,monthly.The number of hospitals which implemented the zero-markup drug policy was increased continuously.By the end of 2015,41 hospitals(71.9%)implemented this policy.The panel regression showed that most indicators were insignificantly decreased,including the number of patient visits(P<0.01),the length of stay(P<0.05),the number of patients who had surgeries(P<0.01)and the number of patients who had CT or MRI(P<0.01).However,the number of prescriptions and the number of discharged patients were not significantly changed.The implementation of the zero-markup drug policy might affect the reduction of the volume of medical service in county-level hospitals and the reason needs to be clarified in future studies.展开更多
Severe trauma has the characteristics of complicated condition, multiple organs involved, limitq auxiliary examinations, and difficulty in treatment. Most of the trauma patients were sent to prima hospitals to receive...Severe trauma has the characteristics of complicated condition, multiple organs involved, limitq auxiliary examinations, and difficulty in treatment. Most of the trauma patients were sent to prima hospitals to receive treatments. But the traditional mode of separate discipline management can easi lead to delayed treatment, missed or wrong diagnosis and high disability, which causes a high mc tality in severe trauma patients. Therefore, if the primary hospitals, especially county-level hospit~ （usually the top general hospital within the administrative region of a county）, can establish a sc entific and comprehensive trauma care system, the success rate of trauma rescue in this region can ] greatly improved. On March 1st, 2013, Tiantai People＇s Hospital of Zhejiang Province, China set up trauma care center, which integrated the pre-hospital and in-hospital trauma treatment procedur~ and has achieved good economic and social benefits. Till March 1st, 2017, 1265 severe trauma patier （injury severity score 〉16） have been treated in this trauma center. The rescue success rate reach~ 95~ and the delayed and]or missed diagnosis rate was less than 5%. Totally 86 severe cases of peK fractures with unstable hemodynamics were treated, and the success rate was 92%. The in-hospil emergency rescue response time is less than 3 min, and the time from definite diagnosis to surge is within 35 min.展开更多
文摘Transilvania is a province of the actual state of Romania, geographically situated in the middle of the country, in the inner arch of the Carpathians. Starting with the 10th century, the territory of Transilvania became attractive for the neighboring Hungarian royalty and later on, in the 1 lth century it was annexed into Hungary. For a better control of the newly annexed territory and in order to convert the orthodox population to Catholicism, the Hungarian rulers brought the Szeklers to Transilvania and two centuries later, German originating populations, from Rhine, Luxemburg, and Saxony （the name of Sas people, or Saxon of Transilvania derives from ＂Saxony＂）. The aim of this paper is to focus on the Sighisoara County, namely on the easement of certain areas for temporary or permanent maintenance or use by the church and hospitals in the region. That was a common practice in Medieval Europe aimed at ensuring the survival means for these institutions. However, it was not the only one to serve this goal. There were also donations on behalf of various people or allocations of money by the county authorities. The documents attesting this are unpublished, unedited and are to be found in the archives of the Brasov County, Budapest, and Vienna. They are the stepping stone of this paper and hence, they grant its originality. The objectives of the paper are to bring arguments in favor of the thesis that community money was directed towards meeting the needs of the hospitals, as well as towards supporting the widows, the orphans, and the needy ones. Worth noting in this respect is the management of the funds ceded to the church and county hospitals and that actually benefitted the whole community. Moreover, the paper also emphasizes the role played by education, since the latter is an important landmark for a community＇s development level
文摘Hospital Gunshots On the morning of April 17,2016,in front of the People’s Hospital of Linying County of Henan Province,a number of relatives of a dead child cried incessantly,hung banners and posted the child’s photos in front of the hospital.
文摘On December 10,pharmocologist TU Youyou from the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine was awarded the 2015Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in Stockholm,＂for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against Malaria＂.As the first Chinese citizen to receive a Nobel Prize in sciences,she has been under the spotlight and her stories celebrated by many.
文摘This study aimed to investigate the salary status of medical doctors who work in county-level hospitals, and analyze the existing problems. We collected the data from questionnaires and applied both EXCEL and SPSS to conduct analysis. Doctors working in county level-hospitals received relatively lower salaries, with 78.5% of the doctors making lower than 5000 RMB per month. Influencing factors for the salary levels included personal factors, attributes of the hospitals, workload and performance appraisal. Reasonable adjustment for the salary levels is needed to refine important elements of salary distribution, and to construct a rational performance appraisal system.
文摘Fifty percent of the deaths caused by severe trauma occur within 1 h after injury. With the concepts ot ＂golden 1 h＂ and ＂platinum 10 rain＇, the professionals in the field of emergency trauma treatment have agreed on the necessity of establishing a rapid and efficient trauma rescue system. However, due to the size of the hospital, the population in the neighborhood, the local economic conditions and geographical features, how to establish an optimal trauma rescue system remains an issue. In this paper, we introduced our experiences in a county-level hospital located in middle-and high-income areas.
文摘In the present study,we aimed to assess the long-term impact of zero-markup drug policy on volume of medical service in county hospitals of China.This study used 57 county hospitals’records of medical service from 2011 to 2015,and a fixed effect model was applied to examine the impact of the zero-markup drug policy on volume of medical service.The outcome indicators included the number of patient visits,the number of prescriptions,the number of discharged patients,the length of stay,the number of patients who had surgeries and the number of patients who had CT or MRI,monthly.The number of hospitals which implemented the zero-markup drug policy was increased continuously.By the end of 2015,41 hospitals(71.9%)implemented this policy.The panel regression showed that most indicators were insignificantly decreased,including the number of patient visits(P<0.01),the length of stay(P<0.05),the number of patients who had surgeries(P<0.01)and the number of patients who had CT or MRI(P<0.01).However,the number of prescriptions and the number of discharged patients were not significantly changed.The implementation of the zero-markup drug policy might affect the reduction of the volume of medical service in county-level hospitals and the reason needs to be clarified in future studies.
文摘Severe trauma has the characteristics of complicated condition, multiple organs involved, limitq auxiliary examinations, and difficulty in treatment. Most of the trauma patients were sent to prima hospitals to receive treatments. But the traditional mode of separate discipline management can easi lead to delayed treatment, missed or wrong diagnosis and high disability, which causes a high mc tality in severe trauma patients. Therefore, if the primary hospitals, especially county-level hospit~ （usually the top general hospital within the administrative region of a county）, can establish a sc entific and comprehensive trauma care system, the success rate of trauma rescue in this region can ] greatly improved. On March 1st, 2013, Tiantai People＇s Hospital of Zhejiang Province, China set up trauma care center, which integrated the pre-hospital and in-hospital trauma treatment procedur~ and has achieved good economic and social benefits. Till March 1st, 2017, 1265 severe trauma patier （injury severity score 〉16） have been treated in this trauma center. The rescue success rate reach~ 95~ and the delayed and]or missed diagnosis rate was less than 5%. Totally 86 severe cases of peK fractures with unstable hemodynamics were treated, and the success rate was 92%. The in-hospil emergency rescue response time is less than 3 min, and the time from definite diagnosis to surge is within 35 min.
