在国际银团贷款业务中,银团贷款的一级市场关闭后,就转入二级市场交易。未能参加一级市场银团贷款的银行可在二级市场上从参加一级银团贷款的银行手中买入,参与该银团贷款。经过二十多年的发展,LMA(Loan Market Association,贷款市场协...在国际银团贷款业务中,银团贷款的一级市场关闭后,就转入二级市场交易。未能参加一级市场银团贷款的银行可在二级市场上从参加一级银团贷款的银行手中买入,参与该银团贷款。经过二十多年的发展,LMA(Loan Market Association,贷款市场协会)的二级市场银团贷款参与协议文本不断完善,规范着市场参与者的操作。与此同时,IFC(International Finance Corporation,国际金融公司)和EBRD(European Bank for Reconstruction and Development,欧洲复兴开发银行)的B Loan参与协议在市场上也具有一定影响力。这两种协议在各自领域里规范着银团贷款业务的操作,明确各方的责任和义务,为世界各国经济的发展提供了支持。熟悉这两种协议,对中资银行“走出去”少交学费、少走弯路具有积极的现实意义。展开更多
The aim of the research is to investigate strategies used by students taking part in translation class. The strategies, which are frequently considered ＂errors＂ but in fact show their tactics to overcome their probl...The aim of the research is to investigate strategies used by students taking part in translation class. The strategies, which are frequently considered ＂errors＂ but in fact show their tactics to overcome their problems at hand. The participants were 50 graduate students taking a translation course at Lampung University, Indonesia. The research which last for four months in 2011/2012 academic year was qualitative by nature. The research instruments were protocol analysis, observation, and interviews. The protocols of their translations were coded and analyzed to identify kinds of gooffmgs and their motivating factors. Observation was intended to get data on goofings while they were on the process of translation. Interview was intended to get the data on how they translated and why they translated in the way they did. It was found that majority of goofmgs was developmental, which can be easily eradicated by exposure and appropriate training on how to translate communicatively. Feedback from the lecturer plays an important role in minimizing their goofmgs. Therefore, the lecturers are suggested to provide a lot of exposure, appropriate training on how to translate communicatively, and feedback to the participants so that they could take benefits from it.展开更多
A protocol for quantum private comparison of equality(QPCE) is proposed based on five-particle cluster state with the help of a semi-honest third party(TP). In our protocol, TP is allowed to misbehave on its own but c...A protocol for quantum private comparison of equality(QPCE) is proposed based on five-particle cluster state with the help of a semi-honest third party(TP). In our protocol, TP is allowed to misbehave on its own but can not conspire with either of two parties. Compared with most two-user QPCE protocols, our protocol not only can compare two groups of private information(each group has two users) in one execution, but also compare just two private information. Compared with the multi-user QPCE protocol proposed, our protocol is safer with more reasonable assumptions of TP. The qubit efficiency is computed and analyzed. Our protocol can also be generalized to the case of 2N participants with one TP. The 2N-participant protocol can compare two groups(each group has N private information)in one execution or just N private information.展开更多
文摘在国际银团贷款业务中,银团贷款的一级市场关闭后,就转入二级市场交易。未能参加一级市场银团贷款的银行可在二级市场上从参加一级银团贷款的银行手中买入,参与该银团贷款。经过二十多年的发展,LMA(Loan Market Association,贷款市场协会)的二级市场银团贷款参与协议文本不断完善,规范着市场参与者的操作。与此同时,IFC(International Finance Corporation,国际金融公司)和EBRD(European Bank for Reconstruction and Development,欧洲复兴开发银行)的B Loan参与协议在市场上也具有一定影响力。这两种协议在各自领域里规范着银团贷款业务的操作,明确各方的责任和义务,为世界各国经济的发展提供了支持。熟悉这两种协议,对中资银行“走出去”少交学费、少走弯路具有积极的现实意义。
文摘The aim of the research is to investigate strategies used by students taking part in translation class. The strategies, which are frequently considered ＂errors＂ but in fact show their tactics to overcome their problems at hand. The participants were 50 graduate students taking a translation course at Lampung University, Indonesia. The research which last for four months in 2011/2012 academic year was qualitative by nature. The research instruments were protocol analysis, observation, and interviews. The protocols of their translations were coded and analyzed to identify kinds of gooffmgs and their motivating factors. Observation was intended to get data on goofings while they were on the process of translation. Interview was intended to get the data on how they translated and why they translated in the way they did. It was found that majority of goofmgs was developmental, which can be easily eradicated by exposure and appropriate training on how to translate communicatively. Feedback from the lecturer plays an important role in minimizing their goofmgs. Therefore, the lecturers are suggested to provide a lot of exposure, appropriate training on how to translate communicatively, and feedback to the participants so that they could take benefits from it.
基金Supported by NSFC under Grant Nos.61402058,61572086the Fund for Middle and Young Academic Leaders of CUIT under Grant No.J201511+2 种基金the Science and Technology Support Project of Sichuan Province of China under Grant No.2013GZX0137the Fund for Young Persons Project of Sichuan Province of China under Grant No.12ZB017the Foundation of Cyberspace Security Key Laboratory of Sichuan Higher Education Institutions under Grant No.szjj2014-074
文摘A protocol for quantum private comparison of equality(QPCE) is proposed based on five-particle cluster state with the help of a semi-honest third party(TP). In our protocol, TP is allowed to misbehave on its own but can not conspire with either of two parties. Compared with most two-user QPCE protocols, our protocol not only can compare two groups of private information(each group has two users) in one execution, but also compare just two private information. Compared with the multi-user QPCE protocol proposed, our protocol is safer with more reasonable assumptions of TP. The qubit efficiency is computed and analyzed. Our protocol can also be generalized to the case of 2N participants with one TP. The 2N-participant protocol can compare two groups(each group has N private information)in one execution or just N private information.
