In the design of chemical processes,such as catalytic cracking of bitumen and heavy oil,the knowledge of phase behavior at the critical endpoint is essential.Based on the PR equation of state,the algorithm developed b...In the design of chemical processes,such as catalytic cracking of bitumen and heavy oil,the knowledge of phase behavior at the critical endpoint is essential.Based on the PR equation of state,the algorithm developed by Heidemann and Khalil for calculating critical properties was used to compute critical points.An algorithm for determining the equilibrium phase of the critical point using the tangent plane criterion was developed,and was used to calculate the critical endpoints of different mixtures,including non-polar,polar and associating systems.The critical endpoint,representing the type of the phase behavior,was employed to fit the interaction parameter of mixtures in critical state at high pressure.Lines of critical endpoints for ternary mixtures were also determined with the algorithm.展开更多
This paper reported an acoustic experiment examining the effect of topic structure and syntax on boundary pitch parameters. Simple discourses containing three sentences were constructed and the boundary between the fi...This paper reported an acoustic experiment examining the effect of topic structure and syntax on boundary pitch parameters. Simple discourses containing three sentences were constructed and the boundary between the first sentence and the second sentence of each discourse varied along the following parameters： （1） topic internal, clause; （2） topic shift, clause; （3） topic internal, sentence; and （4） topic shift, sentence. Seven native speakers of Standard Chinese read the short discourses aloud. The offset f0, f0 Max, and f0 Min of the first sentence and the onset f0, f0 Max, and f0 Min of the second sentence were measured. It was found that relative to topic internal condition, topic shift condition induced higher onset f0 following the boundary. Moreover, this higher onset f0 was caused by the raising of both f0 max and f0 min, suggesting pitch register raising rather than pitch range expansion following the boundary. Syntactic structure as index by clause or sentence was found to have no effect on boundary pitch parameters. These results provide strong evidence for a role of topic strucutre in speech production展开更多
Sustainable architecture is complex. Many aspects, differently important to many stakeholders, are to be optimized. BIM should be used for this. Building Information Modellingis a collaborative process where all stake...Sustainable architecture is complex. Many aspects, differently important to many stakeholders, are to be optimized. BIM should be used for this. Building Information Modellingis a collaborative process where all stakeholders integrate and optimize their information in a digital 3D model. Sometimes it is called Green BIM. But what exactly is that？ Is the International Standard Organization IFC standard useful for this？ And is it compatible with new developments in parametric design？ Advantages and disadvantages of BIM are listed. Full parametric design is needed because it keeps the design flexible and open for changes until the end of the design process. However it is not compatible with IFC; only object parametric design is. A possible way out of this paradox could be the use of scripts that only create objects if they are not already in the BIM database and otherwise only adapt their properties. An example of parametric sustainable architectural design explains the mentioned issues.展开更多
The present study investigates computer-antomated design and structural optimization of concrete slab frame bridges considering investment cost based on a complete 3D model. Thus, a computer code with several modules ...The present study investigates computer-antomated design and structural optimization of concrete slab frame bridges considering investment cost based on a complete 3D model. Thus, a computer code with several modules has been developed to produce parametric models of slab frame bridges. Design loads and load combinations are based on the Eurocode design standard and the Swedish design standard for bridges. The necessary reinforcement diagrams to satisfy the ultimate and serviceability limit states, including fatigue checks for the whole bridge, are calculated according to the aforementioned standards. Optimization techniques based on the genetic algorithm and the pattern search method are applied. A case study is presented to highlight the efficiency of the applied optimization algorithms. This methodology has been applied in the design process for the time-effective, material-efficient, and optimal design of concrete slab frame bridges.展开更多
文摘流程工业颗粒物成分的在线检测具有低延时、安全可靠及低成本等要求,目前没有适合的技术手段.微波等离子炬(Microwave plasma torch,MPT)原子发射光谱法具有直接进样、成本低及装置安全可靠等优点,有潜力成为工业在线检测的重要手段.本文基于MPT装置对水泥样品进行直接进样分析,并针对工业应用场景中标准样品受限的问题,采用单样本定标技术(Single sample calibration,SSC)进行定量分析.SSC法中的线性假设容易受到等离子体参数波动的影响,导致精度下降.为此,提出了一种基于参数标准化的SSC算法PS-SSC(SSC based on parameter standardization),通过激发温度和电子数密度对谱线强度进行修正以提高SSC的定量精度.为了评估MPT和PS-SSC方法联用在水泥成分快速分析中的有效性,将GSB 08-2985-2013标准水泥粉末气溶胶直接引入MPT中进行定量分析,并将PS-SSC与现有定量方法进行比较.与传统SSC方法相比,PS-SSC方法的决定系数R2由‒0.81~0.81提高到0.39~0.88,平均相对误差由4.39%~10.33%提高到1.55%~5.83%,平均相对标准偏差由2.89%~9.40%提高到2.28%~6.50%,展现了该方法在工业在线成分检测中的应用潜力.
文摘In the design of chemical processes,such as catalytic cracking of bitumen and heavy oil,the knowledge of phase behavior at the critical endpoint is essential.Based on the PR equation of state,the algorithm developed by Heidemann and Khalil for calculating critical properties was used to compute critical points.An algorithm for determining the equilibrium phase of the critical point using the tangent plane criterion was developed,and was used to calculate the critical endpoints of different mixtures,including non-polar,polar and associating systems.The critical endpoint,representing the type of the phase behavior,was employed to fit the interaction parameter of mixtures in critical state at high pressure.Lines of critical endpoints for ternary mixtures were also determined with the algorithm.
文摘This paper reported an acoustic experiment examining the effect of topic structure and syntax on boundary pitch parameters. Simple discourses containing three sentences were constructed and the boundary between the first sentence and the second sentence of each discourse varied along the following parameters： （1） topic internal, clause; （2） topic shift, clause; （3） topic internal, sentence; and （4） topic shift, sentence. Seven native speakers of Standard Chinese read the short discourses aloud. The offset f0, f0 Max, and f0 Min of the first sentence and the onset f0, f0 Max, and f0 Min of the second sentence were measured. It was found that relative to topic internal condition, topic shift condition induced higher onset f0 following the boundary. Moreover, this higher onset f0 was caused by the raising of both f0 max and f0 min, suggesting pitch register raising rather than pitch range expansion following the boundary. Syntactic structure as index by clause or sentence was found to have no effect on boundary pitch parameters. These results provide strong evidence for a role of topic strucutre in speech production
文摘Sustainable architecture is complex. Many aspects, differently important to many stakeholders, are to be optimized. BIM should be used for this. Building Information Modellingis a collaborative process where all stakeholders integrate and optimize their information in a digital 3D model. Sometimes it is called Green BIM. But what exactly is that？ Is the International Standard Organization IFC standard useful for this？ And is it compatible with new developments in parametric design？ Advantages and disadvantages of BIM are listed. Full parametric design is needed because it keeps the design flexible and open for changes until the end of the design process. However it is not compatible with IFC; only object parametric design is. A possible way out of this paradox could be the use of scripts that only create objects if they are not already in the BIM database and otherwise only adapt their properties. An example of parametric sustainable architectural design explains the mentioned issues.
文摘The present study investigates computer-antomated design and structural optimization of concrete slab frame bridges considering investment cost based on a complete 3D model. Thus, a computer code with several modules has been developed to produce parametric models of slab frame bridges. Design loads and load combinations are based on the Eurocode design standard and the Swedish design standard for bridges. The necessary reinforcement diagrams to satisfy the ultimate and serviceability limit states, including fatigue checks for the whole bridge, are calculated according to the aforementioned standards. Optimization techniques based on the genetic algorithm and the pattern search method are applied. A case study is presented to highlight the efficiency of the applied optimization algorithms. This methodology has been applied in the design process for the time-effective, material-efficient, and optimal design of concrete slab frame bridges.
