基坑内外的水压力和渗流力

本文提出一种考虑渗流力而计算土压力和水压力的方法，并将它与几种不同的水土分算或水土合算的方法进行比较，最后得出结论认为，如果挡墙前后的水头差很大，且土的渗透性较好或基坑施工期较长，则宜考虑渗流力而计算土压力和水压力。

Effect of inlet configuration on hydrocyclone performance

Inlet configuration is important parameter of hydrocyclones,which has great impact on the classification performance.The effects of inlet configuration on the precise classification were studied by computational fluid dynamics under variouscombinations of inlet diameter and inlet velocity.The results showed that a high sharpness of classification was achieved withspecific inlet diameter and inlet velocity.The separation efficiency of the coarse particles by underflow significantly decreased wheninlet had an oversize diameter owing to a stronger short-circuit flow.It is resulted from the chaotic flow and the stronger pressuregradient around the vortex finder.Meanwhile,a low separation efficiency of the fine particles by overflow was achieved when inletvelocity was high,which indicated a low sharpness caused by the overlarge centrifugal force.

Identification of nucleation parameter for cellular automaton model of dynamic recrystallization

The accuracy of nucleation parameter is a critical factor in the simulation of microstructural evolution during dynamic recrystallization(DRX).Based on the flow stress curve under hot deformation conditions,a new approach is proposed to identify the nucleation parameter during DRX.In this approach,a cellular automaton(CA) model is applied to quantitatively simulate the microstructural evolution and flow stress during hot deformation;and adaptive response surface method(ARSM) is applied as optimization model to provide input parameters to CA model and evaluate the outputs of the latter.By taking an oxygen-free high-conductivity(OFHC) copper as an example,the good agreement between the simulation results and the experimental observations demonstrates the availability of the proposed method.

Numerical simulation of effect of bionic V-riblet non-smooth surface on tire anti-hydroplaning

Inspired by the idea that bionic non-smooth surfaces(BNSS) can reduce fluid adhesion and resistance, and the effect of bionic V-riblet non-smooth structure arranged in tire tread pattern grooves surface on anti-hydroplaning performance was investigated by using computational fluid dynamics(CFD). The physical model of the object(model of V-riblet surface distribution, hydroplaning model) and SST k-ω turbulence model were established for numerical analysis of tire hydroplaning. With the help of a orthogonal table L16(45), the parameters of V-riblet structure design compared to the smooth structure were analyzed, and obtained the priority level of the experimental factors as well as the best combination within the scope of the experiment. The simulation results show that V-riblet structure can reduce water flow resistance by disturbing the eddy movement in boundary layers. Then, the preferred type of V-riblet non-smooth structure was arranged on the bottom of tire grooves for hydroplaning performance analysis. The results show that bionic V-riblet non-smooth structure can effectively increase hydroplaning velocity and improve tire anti-hydroplaning performance. Bionic design of tire tread pattern grooves is a good way to promote anti-hydroplaning performance without increasing additional groove space, so that tire grip performance and roll noise are avoided due to grooves space enlargement.

Polyploidy induction by hydrostatic pressure shock and embryo development of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

The manipulation of the chromosome set for commercially valuable marine animals is important for enhancing aquacultural production. In this study, triploid and tetraploid sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus were induced by hydrostatic pressure shock, and the conditions of appropriate induction were tested with different starting times, and hydrostatic pressure intensities and durations. The highest rate of triploid induction reached 20% and that of tetraploid was 60%. In consideration of the survival rate and hatch rate, the appropriate treatment for triploid was 55 Mpa of hydrostatic pressure for 5 rain at 55 min after fertilization （a.f.）, while for tetraploid it was 60 Mpa for 5 rain at 61 min a.f. The triploid of the sea cucumber could survive through the pelagic larval stage and attachment stage, and develop like the control group of the experiment. The tetraploid, however, could not survive the attachment stage.

Comparative study of experiment and numerical analysis of secondary disasters induced by wood fire in tunnel

Studied the changes of heat physical parameters, gas concentration of O_2, CO,CH_4 and H_2, and temperature through full scale wood fire experiments in a tunnel and simulationby FLUNET, a kind of computational fluid dynamics software.The results showthat the wood fire experiment and simulation are both oxygen-enriched combustions,which show that the simulation results coincide with the experiment.The results also provethat it is difficult for oxygen-enriched combustion to cause secondary disasters.Somesuggestions were put forward to prevent the occurrence of secondary disasters effectively.

Theoretical Model of the Tropospheric Pressure Variation on the Height

In the study and the research of the troposphere, the knowledge about its pressure variation on the height is necessary and important. Of course, exist the sounding to make this work, but not always it is possible to access to sounding data when is necessary, so then, it is important to has others alternatives methods in order to replace it. The troposphere is basically a fluid, susceptible to be studied under the fluid mechanics and thermodynamics of the ideals gases without loss generalities. So, it is possible to study of the atmospheric air like as a continuous perfect gas. These facts are important questions to study the troposphere under the laws and beginning Physics, using its respective equations, in order to get a theoretical model to simulate the behavior of its thermodynamics variables and parameters. Working on this line, it was developed a model in order to simulate the tropospheric pressure variation on the height from its measure on surface data.

Phantom-Like Effects on Warped DGP Brane

We study phantom-like effect on the DGP brane embedded in a five-dimensional AdS bulk. We show that this effect can be realized without phantom matter on this warped DGP brahe. We investigate the role played by the bulk cosmological constant on the phantom-like effect on the brane and we show that it tends to reduce this effect. Also, warped compactification of the bulk manifold increases the values of the effective and total equation of state parameters of the model relative to the case with Minkowski bulk. We extend our study to the ease that induced curvature on the brahe is modified in the spirit of the f（R）-gravity.

Research on Premixed Abrasive Jet Derusting Machine

The structure, working principles, and main technological parameters of the premajet derusting machine are introduced. Experiments were made to test the relationship among such jet parameters as working pressure, rate of water flow, abrasive weight consistency and derusting efficiency. Reasonable parameters were decided. Results prove that the derusting machine is characterized by its high derusting efficiency (as high as 20m 2/h), good derusting quality (as good as ISO8501 1 Sa 2.5), and low specific power consumption (about 0.3kW·h/m 2). Therefore it is a new type of high efficiency derusting machine.

Concentration and temperature dependence of viscosity of uranium solutions in H2O and 3mol／L HNO3

Viscosities of uranium solutions in H2O and 3 mol/L HNO3 medium were measured by Ubbelhode flow vis-cometer in the concentration range of 0.5%3.0% from 10 篊 to 30 篊 at 5 篊 interval. Viscosity data were interpreted in terms of an empirical equation; h =aoexp(boM+coM2). Values of coefficients ao, bo and co were calculated for all the three systems studied. Flow activation energies and thermodynamic parameters were also evaluated.

A Kind of Three-Mode Entangled States of Continuum Variables Generated by Beam Splitter and Parametric Down-Conversion Amplifier

In 3-mode Fock space we find a new tripartite entangled state |α,γ 】 λ,which make up a new quantum mechanical representation. The state |α,γ 】 λ, can be generated byusing the setup composing of a beam splitter and a parametric down-conversion amplifier. Applicationof the state is briefly discussed.

Experimental and numerical analysis of secondary disasters induced by oxygen rich combustion within a tunnel

Various physical parameters, including gas concentrations (O2, CO, CH4, and H2) and temperatures at dif- ferent air velocities, were determined for full scale wood fires in the Chongqing Coal Research Institute fire test tunnel. Both experimental measurements and numerical simulations are discussed. The numer- ical analysis was performed with the computational fluid dynamics software package ''FLUENT''. The results show that the experimental data agree with the simulation results. The results verify that Roberts' theory of burning is correct. They also prove that the air velocity is the key factor that determines the type of combustion. Also, it is shown that secondary disasters are unlikely for oxygen rich combustion with a limited fire load.

Comparison of Rheometric Devices for Measuring the Rheological Parameters of Debris Flow Slurry

Soil samples with clay content ranging from 15% to 31%, were taken from three debris flow gullies in Southwest China. Three debris flow slurry samples were prepared and tested with four measuring systems of an Anton Paar Physica MCR301 rheometer, including the concentric cylinder system,the parallel-plate system, the vane geometry, and the ball measuring system. All systems were smoothwalled. Flow curves were plotted and yield stress was determined using the Herschel-Bulkley model,showing differences among the different systems.Flow curves from the concentric cylinder and parallelplate systems involved two distinct regions, the low shear and the high shear regions. Yield stresses determined by data fitting in the low shear region were significantly lower than the values from the inclined channel test which is a practical method for determining yield stress. Flow curves in the high shear region are close to those from the vane geometry and the ball measuring system. The fitted values of yield stress are comparable to the values from the inclined channel test. The differences are caused by wall-slip effects in the low shear region.Vane geometry can capture the stress overshoot phenomenon caused by the destruction of slurry structure, whereas end effects should be considered in the determination of yield stress. The ball measuring system can give reasonable results, and it is applicable for rheological testing of debris flow slurries.

Blade Shape Optimization of Liquid Turbine Flow Sensor

Based on the characteristic curve analysis, the method using D(K^2) square difference of meter factor at different flow rates was developed to evaluate the performance of turbine flow sensor in this study. Then according to the distribution of entrance velocity, it was supposed that reducing the blade area near the tip could decrease the linearity error of a sensor. Therefore, the influence of different blade shape parameters on the performance of the sensor was investigated by combining computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulation with experimental test. The experimental results showed that, for the liquid turbine flow sensor with a diameter of 10 mm, the linearity error was smallest, and the performance of sensor was optimal when blade shape parameter equaled 0.25.

Run-to-run Optimization for Fed-batch Fermentation Process with Swarm Energy Conservation Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

An iterative optimization strategy for fed-batch fermentation process is presented by combining a run-to-run optimization with swarm energy conservation particle swarm optimization (SEC-PSO). SEC-PSO, which is designed with the concept of energy conservation, can solve the problem of premature convergence frequently appeared in standard PSO algorithm by partitioning its population into several sub-swarms according to the energy of the swarm and is used in the optimization strategy for parameter identification and operation condition optimization. The run-to-run optimization exploits the repetitive nature of fed-batch processes in order to deal with the optimal problems of fed-batch fermentation process with inaccurate process model and unsteady process state. The kinetic model parameters, used in the operation condition optimization of the next run, are adjusted by calculating time-series data obtained from real fed-batch process in the run-to-run optimization. The simulation results show that the strategy can adjust its kinetic model dynamically and overcome the instability of fed-batch process effectively. Run-to-run strategy with SEC-PSO provides an effective method for optimization of fed-batch fermentation process.

Parametric analysis of mixed lubrication characteristics in work zone of strip rolling

A theoretical model for mixed lubrication with more accurate contact length has been developed based on the average volume flow model and asperity flattening model,and the lubricant volume flow rate and outlet speed ratio are determined by integrating differential equations based on rolling parameters.The lubrication characteristics at the roll-strip interface with different surface roughness,rolling speed,reduction and lubricant viscosity are analyzed respectively.Additionally,the average volume flow rates of lubricant under different rolling conditions are calculated and used to explain the change rule of lubrication characteristics.The developed scheme is able to determine the total pressure,lubricant pressure,film thickness and real contact area at any point within the work zone.The prediction and analysis of mixed lubrication characteristics at the interface is meaningful to better control the surface quality and optimize the rolling process.

SPH-FEM simulations of microwave-treated basalt strength

Microwave precondition has been highlighted as a promising technology for softening the rock mass prior to rock breakage by machine to reduce drill bit/cutter wear as well as inverse production rate.To numerically explore the effect of numerical parameters on rock static strength simulation,and determine the numerical mechanical parameters of microwave-treated basalts for future drilling and cutting simulations,numerical models of uniaxial compression strength(UCS)and Brazilian tensile strength(BTS)were established with the coupling of smoothed particle hydrodynamics and finite element method(SPH-FEM).To eliminate the large rock strength errors caused by microwave-induced damage,the cohesion and internal friction angle of microwave-treated basalt specimens with the same microwave treatment parameters were calibrated based on a linear Mohr-Coulomb theory.Based on parametric sensitivity analysis of SPH simulation of UCS and BTS,experimental UCS and BTS values were simultaneously captured according to the same set of calibrated cohesion and internal friction angle data,and the UCS modeling results are in good agreement with experimental tests.Furthermore,the effect of microwave irradiation parameter on the basalt mechanical behaviors was evaluated.

Combustion simulation and key parameter optimization for opposite axial piston engine in small-scale

As potential alternative power sources used in portable electric generators, opposite axial piston engines in small-scale were investigated to show their advantages in power density. A novel cylinder charge system was introduced, based on which a quasi-dimension model and a CFD(computational fluid dynamics) model were established. Comparison of those two models was carried out to validate the quasi-dimension model. Furthermore, optimal diameter of charge cylinder and speed were determined after evaluating the quasi-dimension model based on different parameters. High agreement between the quasi-dimension model and the CFD model validates the quasi-dimension model. Further studies show that the power of engine increases with the diameter of charge cylinder. However, a too big charge cylinder lowers the fuel efficiency instead. Taking economic influence into consideration the charge cylinder should be 1.4 times power cylinder, which could ensure the power density, volumetric efficiency and fuel economic at the same time. Axial piston engine running at 1.0×104 r/min could achieve a better overall performance. The maximal power of engine with optimal parameters is 0.82 k W, which fits the power need of the portable electric generators completely.

Modeling the effects of mechanical parameters on the hydrodynamic behavior of vertical current classifiers

This study modeled the effects of structural and dimensional manipulations on hydrodynamic behavior of a bench vertical current classifier. Computational fluid dynamics （CFD） approach was used as modeling method, and turbulent intensity and fluid velocity were applied as system responses to predict the over- flow cut size variations. These investigations showed that cut size would decrease by increasing diameter and height of the separation column and cone section depth, due to the decrease of turbulent intensity and fluid velocity. As the size of discharge gate increases, the overflow cut-size would decrease due to freely fluid stream out of the column. The overflow cut-size was significantly increased in downward fed classifier compared to that fed by upward fluid stream. In addition, reforming the shape of angular overflow outlet＇s weir into the curved form prevented stream inside returning and consequently unselec- tire cut-size decreasing.

Feature Solution in the Process of Parameterizing Port Model

Aimed at attaining to an integrated and effective pattern to guide the port design process, this paper puts forward a new conception of feature solution, which is based on the parameterized feature modeling. With this solution, the overall port pre-design process can be conducted in a virtual pattern. Moreover, to evaluate the advantages of the new design pattern, an application of port system has been involved in this paper; and in the process of application a computational fluid dynamic analysis is concerned. An ideal effect of cleanness, high efficiency and high precision has been achieved.